Informatics and Ethics and Legal

A nurse is teaching a nursing student about the use of social media and health care. Which statement is correct? ​ "Posts on social media can be deleted, so little caution is needed."​ "Nurses can use social media as long as they take pictures or create videos with clients inside a hospital setting."​ "Nurses should not share any client identifying information to protect clients' right to privacy and confidentiality."​ "Social media is safe to discuss private health information because nurses can restrict access to posts."​

"Nurses should not share any client identifying information to protect clients' right to privacy and confidentiality."​ ------------------------------ Nurses should not share any protected health information (PHI) or client identifying information on social media sites in order to protect clients' rights to privacy and confidentiality. Nurses have an ethical and legal responsibility to protect privacy rights on social media platforms. Disclosing or posting any PHI on social media websites, even in closed or private groups, is a serious ethical and legal violation. The same applies to sharing PHI, including photographs and videos of clients in any form of media and messaging applications.

Which of the following healthcare entities does the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) privacy rule apply? Select all that apply.​ Health insurance companies​ Cient Healthcare provider​ Medicare Health care plans​

Health insurance companies​ Healthcare provider​ Medicare Health care plans​ ---------------------------- The privacy rule applies to any health care provider and health plan who transmits protected health information. Clients are not a covered entity; therefore, if they transmit their own health information, it is not protected by HIPAA.​

Which of the following federal act was developed to promote and expand the use of health information technology, specifically, the use of electronic health records (EHRs) by healthcare providers? The HITECH Act Security Rule Act Privacy Rule Act​ Public Health Act​

The HITECH Act -------------------- The HITECH Act was developed to promote and expand the use of health information technology, specifically, the use of EHRs by healthcare providers. The act encouraged hospitals and other healthcare providers to make the change from paper records to EHRs to improve efficiency and care coordination. The other options are not federal acts.

Ethics is best described as:​ a paradigm shift that involves cyclic processes in health care a part of health care brought on by technologic change an ever-changing guideline for critical thinking a goal-oriented approach to answering questions that potentially have multiple acceptable answers

a goal-oriented approach to answering questions that potentially have multiple acceptable answers ------------------------------- Ethics is best described as a goal-oriented approach to answering questions that potentially have multiple acceptable answers. Ethics provides a framework necessary to guide healthcare providers during all stages of the informatics process (collection, storage, handling, and dissemination of information). ​

A nurse educator is using an ethical foundation to guide the annual review process for nursing activities. This includes providing care, preventing harm, and maintaining relationships. Which of the following ethical foundation is being used? ​ justice ethics​ personal ethics​ bioethics care ethics​

care ethics​ ----------------------- Care ethics is being responsive to the needs of others; providing care, preventing harm, and maintaining relationships (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2018). The main goal of any ethical decision is to reach a rational, justifiable decision.​

An ethical framework is necessary to guide healthcare providers during all stages of the informatics process. Which of the following stages are included in the Informatics process? Select all that apply. ​ handling retrieving storage collection dissemination of information​

handling storage collection dissemination of information​ ----------------------------------- An ethical framework is necessary to guide healthcare providers during all stages of the informatics process (collection, storage, handling, and dissemination of information). Deviating from the ethical framework can have legal implications. Retrieving is not a stage in the informatics process

New health information technologies, like the movement from paper records to electronic health records, raise issues related to:​ privacy and confidentiality justice and fidelity beneficence and justice confidentiality and fidelity

privacy and confidentiality ------------------------------ New advances in various forms of health information technologies raise issues related to privacy and confidentiality. ​

A nursing student posts a picture of their clinical group on Instagram, a social media site. A clients' first initial, last name, room number, and attending physician name can be seen on the whiteboard (i.e., communication board) in the background. The student nurse is disciplined by the hospital and nursing school administration for which of the following? ​ violation of the hospital's privacy and confidentiality violation of hospital property and lack of responsibility violation of the patient's privacy and confidentiality violation of the healthcare ethics

violation of the patient's privacy and confidentiality --------------------------- This is a violation of the client's privacy and confidentiality. Nursing students should not share any protected health information (PHI) or client identifying information on social media sites in order to protect the client's rights to privacy and confidentiality. Client initials, names, room numbers, etc. are client identifiable information. Nursing students have an ethical and legal responsibility to protect client privacy on social media platforms. Disclosing or posting any PHI on social media websites, even mistakenly, is a serious ethical and legal violation. ​

According to the American Nurses Association (2009), ethical and legal goals that aim for the best possible health outcome for the client include which of the following? Select all that apply.​ confidentiality of health information​ right to privacy ​ client safety​ right to due process​ to do no harm​

confidentiality of health information​ right to privacy ​ client safety​ to do no harm​ -------------------------------- Ethical and legal goals aim for the best possible health outcome for the client; ensure patient safety, confidentiality, privacy and to do no harm. The right to due process is not an ethical or legal goal​ for a good health outcome.

Which of the following creates ethical and legal issues associated with new mobile technologies in health care settings? wireless capabilities safety and security privacy and confidentiality human rights violations

privacy and confidentiality -------------------------------- Mobile devices have a direct effect on rights to privacy and confidential protected health information (PHI). It can be an efficient use of time to exchange ideas and look up client information, but when it comes to your professional role as a nurse, it can have ethical and legal ramifications.​

What is The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996? A federal law that required the creation of national standards to protect client health information from being disclosed without the clients consent or knowledge. A federal law to promote and expand the use of health information technology, specifically, the use of electronic health records (EHRs) by healthcare providers.​ A federal law that stresses the importance of respecting the privacy rights of individuals and provides standards for the use and disclosure of protected health information (PHI). ​ A federal law requiring clinicians to access clinical information for health care research.​

A federal law that required the creation of national standards to protect client health information from being disclosed without the clients consent or knowledge. -------------------------------- HIPAA is a federal law that required the creation of national standards to protect client health information from being disclosed without the clients' consent or knowledge. The Privacy Rule stresses the importance of respecting the privacy rights of individuals and provides standards for the use and disclosure of protected health information (PHI). The HITECH Act is a federal law enacted to promote and expand the use of health information technology, specifically, the use of electronic health records (EHRs) by healthcare providers. There is no federal law specific to requiring clinicians' access to clinical information for health care research.​

Protected health information (PHI) in clinical information systems can be a valuable tool for nurse researchers to do which of the following? Select all that apply. limit access to healthcare services​ decrease medical errors reduce health care cost​ improve the quality of health care improve patient safety​

decrease medical errors reduce health care cost​ improve the quality of health care improve patient safety​ ------------------------------ Protected health information (PHI) in clinical information systems can be a valuable tool for researchers to improve the quality of health care, improve patient safety, decrease medical errors, reduce health care cost, and broaden access to healthcare services.

According to Adler (2017), what are some of the most common nurse Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) violations related to protected health information (PHI)? Select all that apply.​ disclosing client health information to family, friends, and colleagues accessing PHI of clients' you are assigned to on your unit disposing client PHI in regular trash disclosing PHI not for continuity of care using the credentials of another employee to access electronic health records (EHRs)​

disclosing client health information to family, friends, and colleagues disposing client PHI in regular trash disclosing PHI not for continuity of care using the credentials of another employee to access electronic health records (EHRs)​ -------------------------------- According to Adler (2017), the most common nurse HIPAA violation includes, but are not limited to accessing PHI of clients', those you are not assigned to care for/treat talking about specific patients and disclosing their health information to family, friends, and colleagues disclosing PHI to anyone not authorized to receive the information, therefore not for continuity of care improper disposal of PHI - disposing PHI with regular trash using the credentials of another employee to access EHRs/Sharing login credentials

The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act has had a substantial impact on the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act's (HIPAA) privacy and security rules in which of the following ways? Select all that apply.​ enhanced notification requirements in the event of a breach in the security of health information created an ethical foundation in how healthcare information is disseminated by healthcare providers promoted and expanded the use of electronic health records (EHRs) by healthcare providers weakened the enforcement of HIPAA's privacy and security rules removed the annual guidance from Medicare and Medicaid services regarding how to transmit health information to entities

enhanced notification requirements in the event of a breach in the security of health information promoted and expanded the use of electronic health records (EHRs) by healthcare providers --------------------------------- The HITECH Act also had a substantial impact on HIPAA's privacy and security rules as it enhanced notification requirements in the event of a breach in the security of health information (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2018). The act also promoted and expanded the use of health information technology, specifically, the use of electronic health records (EHRs) by healthcare providers. The act encouraged hospitals and other healthcare providers to make the change from paper records to EHRs to improve efficiency and care coordination.​

Which of the following are considered protected health information (PHI) by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)? Select all that apply.​ health demographic data​ medical record number​ health insurance information​ employment records​

health demographic data​ medical record number​ health insurance information​ --------------------------------- PHI includes all individually identifiable health information used to identify a client or provide healthcare services or healthcare coverage. 'Protected' means the information is protected under the HIPAA privacy rule. Employment records not linked to medical records are not PHI.​

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was passed by the federal government for which of the following purposes? Select all that apply.​ simplification of the administrative functions associated with the delivery of health care, such as reimbursement claims sent to insurance agencies creation of national standards to protect client health information from being disclosed without the clients consent or knowledge better access to health information for continuity of care as a client moves from one health facility to another deterrence of fraud, abuse, and waste within the healthcare delivery system

simplification of the administrative functions associated with the delivery of health care, such as reimbursement claims sent to insurance agencies creation of national standards to protect client health information from being disclosed without the clients consent or knowledge better access to health information for continuity of care as a client moves from one health facility to another deterrence of fraud, abuse, and waste within the healthcare delivery system -------------------------- better access to health information for continuity of care as a client moves from one health facility to another deterrence of fraud, abuse, and waste within the healthcare delivery system simplification of the administrative functions associated with the delivery of health care, such as reimbursement claims sent to insurance agencies creation of national standards to protect client health information from being disclosed without the clients' consent or knowledge