Informatics Final

Knowledge workers are those who work with information and generate computer programs to help with knowledge management.

False

Machine learning combines the predictions from several models. It is helpful when several different models are used in the same project.

False

Data mining is concerned with extracting what is needed, and it applies statistics so that organizations can gain an advantage by manipulating information for practical applications.

True

Decision trees are a powerful tool that can be used to mine large data sets and discover previously unknown relationships among the data.

True

Dr. John Snow can be designated as the "father" of public health informatics.

True

Ethical dilemmas arise when issues raise questions that cannot be answered with a simple, clearly defined rule, fact, or authoritative view. (T/F)

True

Games promote critical thinking and teamwork by pushing students to work together in groups to find answers.

True

MoSCoW stands for "Must have, Should have, Could have, and Would have". The "should have" requirements are those that would be great to have if possible, but the success of the project does not depend on them being addressed.

True

Neural networks represent nonlinear predictive models.

True

Observation and documentation of workflow to better understand what is happening in the current environment and how it can be altered is referred to as process or workflow analysis.

True

Hybrid or blended delivery of courses means that:

courses have both face-to-face and online learning episodes.

Computer technology has ushered in what has been called the Information Age, an age when:

data, information, and knowledge are both accessible and able to be manipulated by more people than ever before in history.

The estimate of how much exposure to a potential hazard would cause varying degrees of health effects is known as:

dose-response assessment.

A major goal of the eHealth Initiative is to:

empower consumers to understand their health needs.

Core public health functions include all of the following except:

evaluating webpages for information quality.

In ethics theory, autonomy means:

freedom from controlling interferences.

The users see the effects of their actions on the technology when you bridge the:

gulf of evaluation.

Bioinformatics tools:

help biomedical informaticists and healthcare personnel tackle the analysis of large data sets.

The dynamic system development method (DSDM) is:

highly iterative.

The core skill set related to the use of computers, electronic health records, healthcare technologies, and knowledge generation in a discipline is known as:

informatics competency.

Another name for data that has meaning is:

information.

Interoperability is the ability to share information:

across organizations.

Information literacy is:

an intellectual framework for finding, understanding, evaluating, and using information activities that may be accomplished in part through fluency with information technology and sound investigative methods, but most importantly, through critical reasoning and discernment.

_________________________ games bring people together physically and virtually to solve a series of challenges.

Augmented reality OR Virtual reality

___________ is the process of using software to sort through data to discover patterns and ascertain or establish relationships.

Big data

Home care telehealth includes many different forms, EXCEPT?

Calling to schedule an appointment

Which one of the following is the component of cognitive science that uses computer modeling through artificial neural networks to try to explain human intellectual abilities?

Connectionism

_______ is an analytic, logical process with the ultimate goal of forecasting or prediction.

Data mining

_________________ projects help organizations discover interesting knowledge; these projects can be predictive, exploratory, or focused on data reduction.

Data mining

John, a 78-year-old male patient in a hospital is referred to a pulmonary specialist for a consult on his breathing problems. The specialist orders a CT scan of the lungs and is alerted by the EHR that a CT scan was performed 1 week ago. This alert is designed to prevent duplicate testing and is part of which essential EHR component?

Decision support system

Which one of the following is the study of the nature and origin of knowledge—what it means to know?

Epistemology

HIPAA has improved the privacy and security of patient health information by applying the requirements of the HITECH act to the business associates of covered entities and by enhancing the breach notification requirements of the HITECH act. (T/F)

False

Metalearning is a subset of artificial intelligence that permits computers to learn either inductively or deductively. Inductive machine learning is the process of reasoning and making generalizations or extracting patterns and rules from huge data sets.

False

Most workflow redesign efforts are focused on large changes resulting in widespread change that accompanies transformational activities.

False

Qualitative data focuses on numbers and frequencies rather than experience and meaning.

False

______________ is the term that reflects the age disparities in the use of computer technology.

Gray Gap

The leading cause of death in Berks County, according to the Community Health Assessment is ________ ________.

Heart Disease

Which of the following is not a goal of evidence-based practice?

Improve professional satisfaction

Which of the following statements is correct about the waterfall model?

It is a sequential development process

Which one of the following is the awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision?

Knowledge

Using a clinical practice guideline as a basis for practice is an example of:

Knowledge Application

According to the class discussion, ____________ is an uncommon childhood illness that had a resurgence in 2019.

Measles

Which of the following statements are true of multimedia learning tools?

Multimedia tools increase student engagement in the learning process and facilitate learning retention.

According to Ridley (2007), which of the following teaching methods yields the highest retention over a 24-hour period?

Peer Teaching

What is data?

Raw facts

____________ can be used to incorporate nursing informatics into the context of patient care, thereby giving students an authentic learning experience that can be applied in clinical practice.

Simulation

_________ is a data-driven method to eliminate defects, waste, or assess quality control issues. It is aimed at decreasing disparities in a business and manufacturing process through dedicated improvements.

Six Sigma

______ evaluates the system and its components including determining if the system performs appropriately for the user.

Testing

Which of the following best describes the central goal of health informatics?

To manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in the delivery of healthcare

Telemonitoring systems can be set in an acceptable range of values for an individual patient enrolled in the monitoring program. If the patient's levels go above or below predetermined amounts, the program will alert the appropriate party. This is an explanation of what type of improvement seen in the home telehealth software?

Triage

A motherboard has been called the central nervous system of the computer.

True

Algorithms are typically computer-based recipes or methods with which data mining models are developed.

True

Artificial intelligence is the field that deals with the conception, development, and implementation of informatics tools based on intelligent technologies. This field attempts to capture the complex processes of human thought and intelligence. (T/F)

True

As healthcare professionals, we must always consider how the advances in personalized medicine impact our provision of care and how we can take advantage of personalized medicine for our patients.

True

Compliance with HL7 programming standards helps to ensure interoperability of EHRs.

True

Data analysis is the process by which data collected during the course of a study is processed to identify trends and patterns of relationships.

True

Personalized medicine is the old term. Currently, the appropriate term is precision medicine. Precision medicine may be thought of as the tailoring of medical treatment to the individual characteristics, needs, and preferences of a patient during all stages of care, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care.

True

Smart pump technologies are designed for safe administration of high-hazard drugs and to reduce adverse drug events during intravenous medication administration. Smart pumps have software that is programmed to reflect the facility's infusion parameters and a drug library that compares normal dosing rates with those programmed into the pump.

True

Technology implemented without consideration of workflow can provide greater patient safety concerns than no technology at all.

True

The complete sequencing of the human genome has led to systems biology referred to as omics and has elevated scientists' ability from studying one gene or protein to studying fundamental biological processes.

True

The future of health care is based on genomics.

True

Use of social media in education may promote the development of skills that will support professional collaboration as students enter the practice arena.

True

__________ big data resides in text files, which represent more than 75% of an organization's data.

Unstructured

________ is the term that denotes the ease with which people can use an interface to achieve a particular goal.

Usability

_______ is sometimes thought of as the highest form of common sense, resulting from accumulated knowledge or erudition (deep, thorough learning) or enlightenment (education that results in understanding and the dissemination of knowledge).

Wisdom

Rapid Application Development (RAD) is:

a fast way to add functionality through prototyping and user testing.

Ethics is best described as:

a goal-oriented approach to answering questions that potentially have multiple acceptable answers.

When computers are linked together to facilitate communication and operations within and outside an organization, this is known as:

a network.

Bioinformatics is:

an interdisciplinary science with a focus on data management and interpretation for complex biological phenomena that are analyzed and visualized using mathematical modeling and numerical methodologies with predictive algorithms.

Assigning passwords to employees so that they can access the secure network is known as:

authentication

Much of our ______ is unstructured and resides in text files representing more than 75% of an organization's data. This data is not contained in databases and can be easily overlooked. It is important because we can identify patterns and provide meaningful insights.

big data

Devices that recognize thumb prints, retina patterns, or facial patterns are known as:

biometric devices.

A safety culture is a blame-free environment where individuals are able to report errors or near misses without fear of reprimand or punishment. Conversely, a just culture emphasizes individual accountability and:

both encourages error reporting and seeks to understand workflow and process issues that lead to errors and emphasizes zero tolerance for reckless behavior.

Behaviors leading to unintentional data breaches include:

both losing an input device and walking away from a workstation without logging off.

Computer science can facilitate:

both the acquisition and manipulation of data and information.

Practice-based ethics as described by Husted and Husted (1995) focuses on:

bringing about human benefit.

A __________________ identifies resources, patterns, and variance in care to prevent costly complications related to chronic conditions and enhances the overall outcomes for patients with chronic illnesses.

case management information system (CMIS)

One of the ways that healthcare organizations can utilize informatics for patient education is via:

kiosks

When healthcare professionals work with information and generate information and knowledge as a product, they can be described as:

knowledge workers.

According to the Joint Commission, a patient safety issue that results in death, serious harm, or temporary harm is termed a:

sentinel event.

The EHR function that allows a clinician to enter medication and other care orders directly into a computer including laboratory, microbiology, pathology, radiology, nursing, supply orders, ancillary services, and consults is known as the:

order entry management.

A surgery tracking board located in a family waiting room may report all of the following except:

patient initials.

Integrating technology into the medication administration cycle helps to reduce errors by:

performing electronic checks against a database of safe medication administration parameters and providing alerts.

In a collaborative learning environment, the professor does all of the following except:

prepares and delivers content via lectures.

One of the major outcomes of the Human Genome Project (HGP) was:

realization that ethical, legal and social issues (ESLI) will arise from studying human genomes.

Opn S

smart hearing aid

Smart CL

smoking cessation lighter

The manipulation of a relationship, such as pretending to be an employee of the IT office and requesting an employee's password is known as:

social engineering.

A specialized system of data collection to detect trends in the incidence and severity of a specific disease or health related syndrome is also known as:

syndromic surveillance.

An ethics approach that emerged from relatively homogenous societies where beliefs were similar and the majority of societal members shared common values is known as:

the Hippocratic tradition.

What is computational biology?

the actual process of analyzing and interpreting data

What is biomedical informatics?

the interdisciplinary science of acquiring, structuring, analyzing, and providing access to biomedical data, information, and knowledge. As an academic discipline, it is grounded in the principles of computer science, information science, cognitive science, social science, and engineering, as well as the clinical and basic biological sciences.

Optimization is:

the process of moving conditions past their current state and into more efficient and effective method of performing tasks.

The most reliable source of research evidence for informing practice is:

the randomized controlled trial.

A meta-analysis helps to generate new practice evidence and knowledge by:

using statistical methods to combine the results of several quantitative studies.

Two ethics approaches that emphasize considerations for human needs and responsibility to meet needs are:

virtue and care ethics.

HeartGuide

wearable blood pressure monitor

IQ

wearable blood sugar monitor

Heartbit

wearable heart rate monitor

Wisdom and knowledge differ in that:

wisdom is the synthesis of experience, insight, and reflection.

When a bar-coding medication system interfered with their workflow, professionals devised ___________, such as removing the armband from the patient and attaching it to the bed, because the bar-code reader failed to interpret bar codes when the bracelet curved tightly around a small arm.

workarounds