Inquisitive Chapter 14

Union forces in the Western Theater met great success in the first two years of the war, arguably fatally crippling the Confederacy in the process. Who are the two major military figures that brought Union victory in the West during the first two years of the war?

-Admiral David G. Farragut -General Ulysses S. Grant

The intense new nationalism in the North made criticism of the war effort and the Lincoln administration tantamount to treason to many northerners. Identify the statements that accurately describe wartime dissent under the Lincoln administration.

-Arbitrary arrests for dissenting views numbered in the thousands during the war, and they included opposition newspaper editors, Democratic politicians, and simple ordinary civilians. -The Constitution was murky on addressing who held the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus, and so Lincoln claimed that right under the presidential war powers and suspended it twice for those accused of "disloyal activities."

Grant's strategy for defeating Robert E. Lee was a war of attrition based on the realization that Union resources in equipment and men far outstripped those of the Confederacy. Part of this strategy was to maintain a constant offensive against Lee to drain his resources and keep the initiative in the Union's favor. Because of this, what did Grant eventually become known as by critics, and even some admirers?

Butcher of men

During the Civil War, the Union and Confederacy rarely utilized propaganda through newspapers and mass marketing to mobilize public opinion.

False

The most radical implication of the Emancipation Proclamation was the enrollment of blacks into military service in the Union army. Identify the statements that describe the military contributions to the Union cause during the Civil War.

-By the end of the Civil War, over 180,000 black men had served in the Union army and 24,000 in the Union navy. -Initially, the Union army refused to accept northern black volunteers.

As in the North, Confederate women found themselves drawn into many spheres of life normally reserved for men. How did Confederate women respond to the hardships of war?

-Eventually, women's morale collapsed, which led to a general collapse of morale both at home and in the Confederate armies. -Initially, as in the North, women worked in factories and businesses, ran plantations, and attempted to farm with some enthusiasm.

April 1865 witnessed some of the most momentous events in American history. Which of the following events occurred that month?

-Grant finally broke the siege lines at Petersburg, forcing the retreat and abandonment of Richmond by the Army of Northern Virginia. -Abraham Lincoln became the first president of the United States to be assassinated.

In 1863, Lincoln announced his Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction for occupied Louisiana and other areas of the Confederacy occupied by Union forces. The plan proved controversial. Identify the statements that accurately describe Lincoln's Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction.

-Lincoln's Ten-Percent Plan offered no role to blacks in shaping the post-slavery order. This led to free blacks pushing for equality before the law and a role in government. -Lincoln essentially offered amnesty and full restoration rights, including property (except slaves), to nearly all white southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the Union and supported emancipation.

During the Civil War, Christianity and patriotism were joined in a civic religion unprecedented in American history. How did the war transform American religious and political life?

-Many clergy in the North professed that the war was God's instrument to rid the nation of slavery and turn it into the true land of freedom. -People turned to religion and spiritualism to cope with the unprecedented number of deaths.

Identify the statements that accurately describe the secession of the southern states and the creation of the Confederate States of America.

-North Carolina was the last Confederate state to secede from the Union. -Louisiana seceded before the fall of Fort Sumter.

The Civil War laid the foundation for modern America. In fighting the war, both the North and the South lost something they had gone to war to defend. Identify what each side had to sacrifice.

-Northern capital dominated American politics, but in gaining that lead, it both weakened free-labor and transformed the small shop and independent farm into powerful industrial giants. -The South lost slavery, economic power, and southern dominance of American politics.

What does this map reveal about the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation?

-The Emancipation Proclamation did not apply to Missouri. -Louisiana was split between territory exempt from and subject to the Emancipation Proclamation.

One little-known aspect of the Civil War was the Union's continuing wars against the Native Americans in the West. Identify the statements that accurately describe Native Americans and the Union in the West during the Civil War.

-The Navajo's Long Walk was the Navajo people's forced removal from the their ancestral lands by the U.S. army. -The Cherokee, forced to Oklahoma by the Indian Removal Act, still owned slaves and sided with the Confederacy at the time of the Civil War. -The U.S. Army attacked the Kiowas and Comanches in the Southwest in retaliation for raids on settlements and ranches.

The Wade-Davis Bill was an unsuccessful bill named after two leading Republican members of Congress unhappy with Lincoln's Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction. Which of the following were provisions of the Wade-Davis Bill?

-The bill required a majority, not 10 percent, of white male southerners to pledge support for the Union before Reconstruction commenced. -The Bill passed Congress but was dead when Lincoln refused to sign it. -The Wade-Davis Bill called for equality for blacks before the law.

The Civil War was not the first war in which modern weaponry and technology was used to affect the outcome on the battlefield. That distinction belongs to the Crimean War (1854-56). What new technologies were revolutionizing warfare in the 1860s?

-The telegraph was used to command and control a vast area of operations. -The mass-produced rifled musket allowed for greater accuracy. -Ironclad warships participated in direct combat with one another.

As a quick and conventional military victory eluded Union armies, Radical Republicans moved the nation closer to the idea of total emancipation as an economic means to hurt the Confederacy. Identify the steps taken by the Union against slavery before total emancipation.

-a March 1862 prohibition by Congress on the Union army from returning fugitive slaves -the Second Confiscation Act -abolition in the District of Columbia and the territories

Grant's strategy of attrition worked brilliantly, as by the end of 1864 he captured Petersburg, Virginia, and forced the surrender of Robert E. Lee.

False

The Battle of Appomattox Courthouse, or the last stand of the Army of Northern Virginia, was the bloodiest and most useless battle of the Civil War, as Richmond and most of the South were occupied by Union forces and defeat was obvious.

False

During the Civil War, the North went through a period of massive economic growth and expansion in comparison with economic stagnation and devastation in the South.

True

In many books and films, Confederate forces are portrayed as superior in fighting ability and spirit to Union forces during the American Civil War. This is an unfair portrayal, as Confederate forces had a much simpler task than northern forces because they were on the strategic defensive and able to use interior lines of communications. Northern forces were on the strategic offensive, and their task was to invade and occupy an area larger than the size of western Europe.

True

The war was only a few months old when Union naval forces occupied the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina. The Sea Islands became famous as a test case for the transition from slavery to freedom as over 10,000 slaves were left on the islands. Numerous northerners arrived, from government officials to private investors. All were there to take stock of the situation. One group, -SELECT A LABELJefferson DavisClara BartonCharlotte FortenPeople's PartyHarriet TubmanMary Todd LincolnGideon's Bandeducationhard work, was made up of black and white reformers committed to uplifting the freed slaves. Convinced that -SELECT A LABELJefferson DavisClara BartonCharlotte FortenPeople's PartyHarriet TubmanMary Todd LincolnGideon's Bandeducationhard work was the key to making self-reliant, productive citizens of the former slaves, northern-born teachers -SELECT A LABELJefferson DavisClara BartonCharlotte FortenPeople's PartyHarriet TubmanMary Todd LincolnGideon's Bandeducationhard work and Laura M. Towne, devoted themselves to teaching the freed blacks of the Sea Islands.

1. Gideon's Band 2. Education 3. Charlotte Forten

Put the following battles in chronological order to show the progression of the Civil War.

1.the Battle of Bull Run 2.the Seven Days' Campaign 3.the second Battle of Bull run 4.the Battle of Antietam