Inquisitive Chapter 9: Race (2021)

Isaacs and Geertz

the observation that ethnicity is fixed and remains part of the thinking of even well-assimilated groups

Park and Gordon

a model in which immigrant groups go through a multistep process that ends with full assimilation

Identify the consequences of making everyone (whites and others) more aware of whiteness as a racial category.

Consequence(s) -It removes the assumption that whiteness is normal and nonwhiteness is deviant. -It encourages some whites to embrace white consciousness in racist fashion. Not Consequence(s) -It reinforces white privilege. -It eliminates white privilege.

Identify the Correct and Incorrect Statements about race: a) race is not real b) race is a social construct c) race is by definition always about differences in physical appearance d) race is about bloodlines

Correct: b and d Incorrect: a and c

Most Native Americans in the United States live on reservations.

False

An 1851 article in Harper's Weekly described a certain racial group as having a "small and somewhat upturned nose" and skin with a "black tint." Which racial group was the article referring to?

Irish Immigrants

Identify whether or not the following are examples of symbolic ethnicity.

-Americans of Irish descent celebrating St. Patrick's Day -The increase in the percentage of Americans claiming Native American ancestry

Glazer and Moynihan

an understanding of ethnicity as a fluid and circumstantial construct, used for social leverage as needed

What, according to Nell Irvine Painter, is the foundation of white identity?

not thinking about being white

Match each statement to the racial-ethnic group it describes.

Latinos Correct label:This group has diverse phenotypical traits. Asian Americans Correct label:They are the fastest-growing racial-ethnic group in the United States. Middle Eastern Americans Correct label:Recent immigrants are often fleeing political turmoil in their home countries. African Americans Correct label:They experience the highest rates of incarceration of all racial-ethnic groups. Native Americans Correct label:They have the lowest average socioeconomic status of all racial-ethnic groups.

Assimilation

merging into the larger culture and shedding one's separate identity

Identify the roles that social media plays in the Black Lives Matter movement.

Role(s) -Social media provides a platform for organizing. -Social media brings attention to police violence. Not Role(s) -Social media allows police and protesters to speak more directly to each other. -Social media aids in the spread of misinformation campaigns.

Identify whether or not the following are examples of ancient beliefs about race that associated skin color with either geographic or environmental factors.

Example(s) -ancient Egyptian records -Chinese creation myth -the writings of the Greek philosopher Hippocrates Not Example(s) the Biblical story of Noah and his sons

Identify the examples of collective resistance: a) An oppressed group rises up in an organized, armed rebellion. b) An oppressed group engages in a campaign of nonviolent protest c) An oppressed group develops a means of quietly coping with their circumstances d) An oppressed group relocates to a place where they can live in peace

Examples: a, b Not examples: c, d

What is the single largest ethnic group in the United States today?

German Americans

Match each type of response to oppression to its description.

Members of an oppressed group flee persecution by the dominant group. Correct label:withdrawal Members of an oppressed group fight—literally or metaphorically—against their oppression. Correct label:collective resistance Members of an oppressed group attempt to disguise their group membership. Correct label:passing Members of an oppressed group feign compliance to the dominant group's ways while hiding their true feelings of resentment. Correct label:acceptance

Identify the items associated with either monogenism or polygenism.

Monogenism: -a view held by Darwinists -claims that all human beings are part of a single family tree -a view held by religious traditionalists Polygenism: -claims that humanity is composed of several distinct species

What was the racial atmosphere in the housing project where Dalton Conley grew up in the 1970s?

Whites were a marginalized group

Which line does Lee say is replacing the white-black divide?

a black-non black divide

When, during World War II, Japanese American families were given notice of their mandatory relocation to internment camps, how much time were they given to dispose of their lands and other property?: a) three months b) six months c) one week d) one month

c

Segregation

involuntary separation of groups by legal or social means, based on race or ethnicity

Place the events in the history of Cuban immigration in chronological order.

-Communist revolutionaries led by Fidel Castro overthrow the government. -Middle- and upper-class immigrants fleeing Cuba are welcomed in the United States as political refugees. -Poor Cubans attempt to flee to the United States on leaky boats. Those who make it without sinking or being turned back are reluctantly accepted. -Deportations of Cubans increase in response to the normalization of US relations with Cuba.

Place in chronological order the events that lead to the formation of black ghettos in the first part of the twentieth century.

-Demographic change trends and structural changes in the economy increased competition for jobs -The social boundary between blacks and whites hardened -Property owners and police cooperated to maintain segregated neighborhoods -Federal aid to home purchasers favored whites over blacks -Urban "renewal projects forced black Americans to relocate into crime-ridden public housing projects

Symbolic ethnicity today is a matter of choice for white middle-class Americans, but not for black middle-class Americans. Identify the factors behind this difference.

-For a white person, in the eyes of society, skin color is not a defining characteristic. -For a black person, in the eyes of society, skin color is a defining characteristic. -A white person can choose to be considered (for instance) Irish or German. -A black person cannot choose to be considered (for instance) Kenyan or Nigerian. -A black person cannot choose to be considered either white or black.

Place in chronological order the events that led up to the 1994 Rwandan genocide, in which at least 800,000 members of the Tutsi tribe were massacred by members of the Hutu tribe.

-Hutus and Tutsis are living together in relative harmony. -Belgium, as the local colonial power, institutes a class hierarchy that favors the minority Tutsis over the majority Hutus. -Following Rwandan independence in 1962, the Hutus take control the government. Ethnic tensions simmer for three decades. -Three years of failed crops put Rwanda's social fabric under strain. -The Hutus take out their frustrations on the Tutsis, killing hundreds of thousands.

Institutional racism occurs when a seemingly race-neutral policy or social dynamic disadvantages minority groups. Identify the examples of institutional racism.

-The phenomenon of "white flight," which holds down home values in predominantly black neighborhoods. -Tax laws that ease the tax burden on the very wealthy. -Higher penalties associated with crack cocaine than with the powdered form.

Place the events in the history of racial classification in chronological order.

-The right to citizenship was limited to "free white persons." -An influx of European immigrants changed the ethnic makeup of the United States. -Congress imposed a quota system limiting immigration from some nations. -Immigration from Europe slowed dramatically while immigration from the southern United States to the North grew markedly.

Place the historical events in chronological order.

1)The U.S. Supreme Court decides Plessy v. Ferguson. 2)Allied forces fight the racist regime of Nazi Germany. 3)The U.S. Supreme Court decides Brown v. Board of Education. 4)Mandatory busing is used to desegregate schools. 5)Integration of schools through compulsory busing is widely rejected as unacceptable.

Identify the ways in which the Burakumin in Japan demonstrate the process of racialization.

Demonstrates Process of Racialization: -The Burakumin are treated as a distinct group, unrelated to other Japanese. -The Burakumim are barred from full participation in Japanese society. -The Burakumin have poorer health, less educational achievement, and lower income than their fellow Japanese citizens. Does Not Demonstrate Process of Racialization: -The Burakumin are not genetically distinct from their fellow Japanese. -The Burakumin were a group of displaced individuals in the fourteenth century.

Identify the features of the 2010 Census's race and ethnicity questions that improve the accuracy of the nation's racial composition.

Feature(s): -Respondents are able to check more than one box indicating racial identity. -Respondents indicate their race and ethnicity in separate questions. Not Feature(s): -Respondents are able to indicate racial identities for both parents. -Respondents are asked to choose their "primary" racial identification.

Identify whether or not the following scenarios are examples of racialization.

Following 9/11, Muslims and those who were thought to be Muslim experienced an increase in hate crimes, from harassment to physical violence. Following an influx of Irish immigrants in the mid-1800s, popular periodicals began to portray the Irish with exaggerated physical features and criticize their cultural practices.

What is the origin of the word "Caucasian"

It refers to people who lived on the slopes of mountains in the country of Georgia

Identify the reasons why the stereotype of Asian Americans as a "model minority" is inaccurate and harmful.

Reason(s) -Not all Asian American groups fit the stereotype. -The stereotype places an outsize burden on Asian youth. Not Reason(s) -Asian Americans as a group are no different from anyone else. -It prevents Asian Americans from assimilating into US culture.

Identify the reasons why residential segregation is such a serious social problem: a) It's hard to change or prevent b) It fosters a culture of segregation c) There is no remedy for laws mandating residential segregation d) It leads to other forms of segregation

Reasons: a, b, d Not Reasons: c

Identify the reasons why residential segregation is such a serious social problem: a) It's hard to change or prevent b) It fosters a culture of segregation c) There is no remedy for laws mandating residential segregation d) It leads to other forms of segregation

Reasons: a, b, d Not Reasons: c

Based on the figure, what can be said about Boston, Chicago, and New Orleans?

Segregation is not as bad today as it was in 1940, but worse than it was in 1860.

Identify the stereotypes about Middle Easterners that are portrayed in mainstream American media and perpetuate widespread misunderstanding.

Stereotype(s) Middle Easterners are portrayed as terrorists. Middle Easterners are portrayed as barbaric. Middle Easterners are portrayed as sex-crazed. Middle Easterners are portrayed as wealthy. Not Stereotype(s) Middle Easterners are portrayed as lazy. Middle Easterners are portrayed as cowards.

Robert Park developed the straight-line model of assimilation, later refined by Milton Gordon. Order the steps of a newly arrived immigrant becoming fully assimilated, according to Gordon.

cultural assimilation, structural assimilation, marital assimilation, identification assimilation, attitude reception assimilation, behavior reception assimilation, civic assimilation

Pluralism

engaged coexistence of distinct racial or ethnic groups

Match each institution to the way it participated in maintaining "equity inequality" between blacks and whites.

exclusion from government home loans = FHA exclusion from retirement pensions = Social Security redlining = banks

In the 1940s, Gunnar Myrdal studied white Americans who had reservations about full equality and integration for blacks. What did Myrdal find was most important to these whites?

maintaining distance between the races in personal relationships, especially marriage