INQUIZITIVE; Chapter 07

Identify the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

-Each state, regardless of size, possessed only one vote in the single legislative body. -Congress had the power to coin money but was unable to levy taxes. -Amendment of the Articles was achieved only with the unanimous consent of all of the states.

Artisans like the pewterers, represented in the image below, supported ratification of the new Constitution for which of the following reasons?

-Federalists argued that adoption of the Constitution would stimulate and improve the economy. -The Constitution would protect the commerce on which sales of their crafts depended.

Identify the aims and accomplishments of the Virginia Plan proposed by the Constitutional Convention.

-It stressed the establishment of a two-house legislature. -Its proposed size and structure for Congress would bolster the power of the larger states.

Identify the statements that describe the congressional land use policies in the West during the postwar period.

Congress had an interest in keeping the settlement process somewhat regulated. Land sales could become a key source of revenue to the federal government.

What would a map review about the ratification of the Constitution?

Federalists, who supported the ratification of the Constitution, lived in both the North and the South. Anti-Federalists, who did not support the ratification of the Constitution, lived in both the North and the South.

Review the following video with author Eric Foner titled "Racial Division Between Slaves and Free Men." Afterward, choose the statement that best summarize the author's argument.

Following the Revolution, racial difference became the primary argument for the continuation of the practice of slavery.

Which statements describe the laws mandated by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?

It created at least three states out of the Northwest Territory. It prohibited slavery in the Old Northwest. It pledged 'the utmost good faith' would be observed toward local indians and that their land would not be taken without consent. It prohibited slavery in the Old Northwest.

The Bill of Rights is a supremely important part of the Constitution. Identify the statements that describe its legacies.

It established the belief that federal power represented the greatest threat to personal freedom. it established freedom of expression at the very foundation of political democracy.

The ratification of the Constitution had a tremendous effect on late eighteenth-century America. Identify the statements that describe the long-term consequences.

It made a domestic economy possible. Slavery remained deeply entrenched in American life and politics.

Identify the states that participated in the slave trade in the years after the ratification of the Constitution.

South Carolina georgia

Identify the statements that describe why the Federalists were successful.

They controlled the local media. They were successful because their opposition, the Anti-Federalists, were ineffectively organized. They convincingly argued that a strong government would grow the economy, garnering support from both bosses, local leaders, and, as a result, their employees.

Settlers of the frontiers were challenged by the Native Americans already living in those lands. What options did the government see for the future of native tribes in the West?

They would be killed. They would be forced onto lands farther to the West. Their assimilation into American society was a long-term possibility.

Following the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794, the Treaty of Greenville was established between American and Native combatants. What were the outcomes of the Treaty of Greenville?

Tribes friendly to the federal government were granted cash payments. Much of the upper Great Lakes region became open to white settlement.

The Articles of Confederation granted the national government limited powers. Identify the statements that describe the conflicts sparked by governance under this first written constitution.

Wealthy property owners saw their rights constrained by poorer local majorities. Indebted farmers, threatened with the loss of land because of failure to meet tax or mortgage payments, pressed state governments for relief.

Match each term below to the correct definition.

allowed only "free white persons" to become citizens and excluded virtually no one from entry into the United States, provided they were white Correct label: open immigration annual grants of money to Indian tribes that enabled the government to have influence over the actions of Indians Correct label: annuity system acts that would allow slaves to eventually become free and remain in the country, not be forced to be colonized abroad Correct label: gradual emancipation

What does it reveal about the ratification of the Constitution?

although two states did not support the constitution, the majority of states supported ratification. there were Staes in both the North and the South that did not support ratification of the Constitution.

James Madison viewed the addition of a Bill of Rights to be a very important and necessary check against future abuses of power by the national government.

false

The Anti-Federalists were driven by their desire to increase political order.

false

The idea that the United States is a "melting pot," where all nationalities blend together to create a unique American culture, was first developed and shared by Thomas Jefferson.

false

The participants in Shays's Rebellion were acting in opposition to the spirit of the Revolution.

false

Identify the basic political principles outlined in the Constitution.

federalism, or the division of power, which is the relationship between the state and the national government. a system of checks and balances that prevents any branch of national government from dominating the other two.

As ratification debates went on, those for and against ratification of the Constitution (Federalists and Anti-Federalists, respectively) coalesced into distinct groups. Match each of the following characteristics to the group it best describes.

federalist: -argued that the country's large size and diversity of interests would be its strength -found support from cosmopolitan areas -represented the interests of merchants and the commercial class anti-federalist: -argued for a federal government only strong enough to do its tasks without interfering with state and local initiatives -represented the interests of the rural farmer and the "common citizen"

stated that even if a slave escaped from the South to the North, where slavery was outlawed, he or she could still be returned to an "owner" as the condition of bondage remained attached to the person

fugitive slave clause

Identify the aims and accomplishments of the New Jersey Plan within the Continental Congress.

it called for a single-house congress in each state that would cast one vote. smaller states, fearing the political dominance of more populous Staes like Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, supported this plan.

Under the Articles of Confederation, what powers resided with the national government?

make treaties with foreign powers. coin money.

Identify the statements that describe African-Americans in the northern states during the early years of the Constitutional Republic.

many northern states adopted a policy of gradual emancipation. they could vote in many States.

In their original forms, not all electable positions in the new American government were attained by a popular vote from the people. Which position has always been filled by a popular vote?

members of the House of Representatives

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the debates over the power of the federal government. Proponents of a stronger federal government by the 1780s believed that property rights were foundational to the American system. They believed that too much public liberty could harm the nation by endangering private liberty

property, public liberty, private liberty

What were the effects of the Constitution?

reduced the powers of the states. created national political institutions. made possible a national economic market by giving Congress the power over tariffs, interstate commerce, and coining money, among others.

Building upon the framework of the Ordinance of 1784, in what way did the Ordinance of 1785 aim to further regulate western settlement?

reserving lands and funds for public education. empowering the federal government to survey and subdivide western lands into square-mile sections.

allowed the slave trade to continue until 1808, and then the further importation of slaves was prohibited

slave trade clause

The Constitution was a product of its time in that it aimed to deal with many of the questions facing early Americans. Which groups of people are specifically mentioned in the Constitution?

slaves native americans "other persons:

Identify the groups of people who were most commonly Anti-Federalists.

small farmers. state politicians.

Why does Winthrop believe that a Bill of Rights is essential in the Constitution?

the past has demonstrated that rulers take advantage of the people under their rule, so it is essential that a Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution to protect the individual liberties of the citizens of the United States.

American expansion to the West was made difficult by the Native American tribes that occupied that space. What options did the government see for the future of native tribes in the West?

their assimilation into American society was a long-term possibility. they would be forced onto lands farther to the west. they would be wiped off the continent.

outlined how slaves would be counted toward state representation in the House of Representatives

three-fifths clause

What was the purpose of the essays collected in The Federalist?

to generate support for the ratification of the constitution.

In the years following the Revolutionary War, negative connotations associated with skin color and race were used to justify slavery in a nation founded on the strong notion of individual freedom.

true

Proponents of a stronger federal government by the 1780s believed that property rights were foundational to the American system. They believed that too much public liberty could harm the nation by endangering private liberty.

true

The Articles of Confederation sought to strike a balance between the fears of centralized power and the need for national coordination. Although it declared that the government was a permanent union, it operated more like an alliance system.

true

The men that attended the Constitutional Convention were mostly lawyers, merchants, and planters. Most of them had spent time at college, and generally believed that for the United States to succeed, the influence of direct democracy must be somewhat restrained by the government.

true

Within the electoral college, it is possible for none of the candidates to win a majority of electoral votes. Though rare, if this occurs, the responsibility of electing a president falls to the House of Representatives where they choose from among the top three candidates, with each state casting one vote. The Senate would then select the vice president.

true

Read the following passage titled The History of the American Revolution (1789) by David Ramsay, a member of the Continental Congress from South Carolina. Select the sections of the passage in which Ramsay argues that the American experiment in government is based upon Enlightenment values of reason, liberty, and "experience."

- In America alone, reason and liberty concurred in the formation of constitutions - In this happy peculiarity they placed the science of politics on a footing with the other sciences, by opening it to improvements from experience, and the discoveries of future ages.

Despite his own personal and intimate relationship with Sally Hemings, Thomas Jefferson articulated a variety of claims about race in his book Notes on the State of Virginia. Identify Jefferson's beliefs below. Correct Answer(s) Drag

-He believed the best solution to issues of race in America was to remove blacks from the country. -While he believed Indians and Americans would eventually merge into a single people, he did not believe in a similar merger of blacks and whites. -African-Americans were inferior to whites in intellect in a way that no democratic society could change. -He believed the bitter experience of slavery made blacks incapable of being loyal to the nation.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the Articles of Confederation. he Articles of Confederation sought to strike a balance between the fears of centralized power and the need for national coordination. Although it declared that the government was a permanent union, it operated more like an alliance system.

Centralized power, national coordination, alliance system

Read the primary source excerpt below from J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur's Letters from an American Farmer (1782). Then, select the statements where Crèvecoeur argues that foreigners have come together in the United States to form a new nationality.

From this promiscuous breed, that race now called Americans have arisen He is an American, who leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holds. . . . Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men.

Identify the statements that describe the Bill of Rights.

It states that all of the rights not given to the federal government are maintained by the states and people, to ensure the national government did not suppress the rights of citizens. The original ten amendments protected the basic rights of citizens, including freedom of the press, freedom of religion, and the right to a jury of peers. The original federal Constitution did not include a Bill of Rights.

Identify the aims and accomplishments of the Virginia Plan within the Continental Congress.

Its governing concepts bolstered the power of the larger states. It stressed the establishment of a two-house legilature.

Identify the influential founders who contributed to The Federalist papers.

James Madison Alexander Hamilton John Jay

The inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to successfully resolve the land claims depicted in the map constituted its greatest failure.

false