Instruments T-38

When checking a VORTAC at a designated ground checkpoint, maximum allowable CDI error is ____________ ?

+/- 4 degrees from a specific ground checkpoint

As a technique, with low or moderate clibme/descent rates, when should you begin a level off?

10% of the VVI

What obstacle clearance does Emergency Safe Altitude provide?

1000' of obstacle clearance (2000' in mountainous) within 100 NM of the facility

What is the ILS freq range?

108.10 MHz to 111.95 Mhz

You are on a 10 DME arc about to intercept the 260 radial inbound. Ground speed is 250 kts. Airspeed is .5 mach. What is your lead radial?

15 radials 250kts is 2.5 NM turn radius (1% technique) 10 DME arc is 6 radials per NM. 2.5 x 6 = 15 radials. You could also to .5 mach minus 2 is a turn radius of 3 NM. 3 x 6 = 18 radials

Localizer has a usable range of ________ within ______ of course centerline. What is the usable range of the ILS glideslope?

18 miles within 10 degrees (unless otherwise stated on the IAP). GS usable range is 10 miles

What is the minimum climb gradient required when flying a SID?

200'/NM or a non standard climb gradient, whichever is higher

What airspeed does the T-38 hold at?

250-265 KCAS

The final approach course on a non radar final may vary from the runway heading by as much as ______ degrees and still be a published straight-in?

30

Prior to commencing the approach, you properly review the paper copy with the procedure loaded. Specific things you must confirm are waypoint names, waypoint types, sequence, altitudes and courses. How much can the courses and distances differ from the paper copy?

5 degrees and 0.1 NM

What is the worst weather a base can have and still qualify as an alternate?

A ceiling of 1000' and 2 SM or 500' and 1 SM above the lowest compatible approach, whichever is higher

What weather is required to start and approach per AFI 11-202V3? And per the AFI 11-2T-38V3?

AFI 11-202V3 Pilots will obtain the lastest airport conditons prior to beginning descent or commencing the approach Straight In or Sidestep: Wx must only be at or above the published visibility mins Circling: Weather must be at or above both the published ceiling and visibility mins USAF pilots will not use vis mins below 2,400' unless TDZ and CL are available and operable AFI 11-2T-38V3 Do not commence a penetration, en route descent, or approach unles existing ceiling and visibility meet the approach minimums or PWC, whichever is higher

How do you execute a missed approach?

Advance to MIL power. Raise nose to 5 degrees above last known level flight attitude. Raise gear and flaps with positive climb rates. Power may be reduced when above 240 KCAS

What condition must apply for a pilot to accept clearance to navigate direct to a radial/DME fix

Aircraft must be RNAV capable Flight must be conducted where radar monitoring is available Locally defined arrival/departure must have been authorized by FAA Operational necessity must dicate the requirement

What are the entry rules for holding?

Aircraft must cross the holding fix, turn outbound and remain established in the holding airspace. You're considered established upon intial passing of the holding fix. Turns will be 30 degrees of bank max

How long must an aircrew wait to fly after consuming alcohol?

Aircrew will not take off within 12 hrs of alcohol consumption. Aircrew cannot be under the influence or suffering from the after effects

What do you do if you start an approach and the weather goes below minimums?

Aircrews are authorized to continue a published approach when the Wx goes below mins. The PIC will ensure the aircraft has sufficient fuel to go missed approach and land at the alternate with required reserves

If correcting for winds in a holding pattern, waht is the maximum and minimum bank angle you can use?

All turns should be done at 3 degrees per second or 30 degrees or bank angle commanded by the flight director, whichever is least. Bank angle may be varied up to 30 degrees maximum.

When will aircrew normally use supplemental oxygen?

Anytime the cabing altitude exceeds 10,000 ft MSL

Can we fly and Cat D approach?

Approach cat D mins may be used where no Cat E mins are published if: A straight-in is flown Final approach speed is 165 KIAS or less Missed approach is flown at 260 KTAS or less

What does conveniently aligned mean with regard to a teardrop entry into holding?

As a guide, consider yourself conveniently aligned when your aircraft heading is within 45 degrees of the selected teardrop course

Weather required to file?

At or above the lowest compatible published landing minimums for the aircraft concerned

What is the standard length of the indbout leg of a holding pattern at or below 14,000 feet? Above 14,000

At or below 14,000 - 1 minute Above 14,000 - 1 and a half minutes

All USAF cockpits must be capable of recognizing full time ___________?

Attitude, Altitude, Airspeed and capability to recognize, confirm and recover from an unusual attitude in all pilot positions.

A TACAN station transmits an aural 3 letter identifier approx. every _________seconds.

Aural three-letter morse code identifier approx every 35 seconds

What is a visual approach? What condition must be met to conduct a visual approach? What are you expected to do if cleared a visual approach?

Authorizes the pilot to proceed visually and clear of clouds to the airport. The pilot must have either the airport or the preceding identified aircraft in sight, and the approach must be authorized and controlled by the appropriate ATC facility Before a visual apporach can be authorized, the airport must have a ceiling at or above 1000' and 3 SM

Aircraft of different categories have the right of way priority in which order?

Balloons, gliders, towing/refueling, airships, rotarty or fixed wing (Least maneuverable to most)

What direction should you begin the turn if you go missed on a circle and why?

Begin a climbing turn toward the intended runway of landing in order to stay within the obstruction clearance area.

When does Flight Duty Period (FDP) start/end? What are the maximum daily FDP's?

Begins when reporting for official duty, ends at final engine shutdown. Max 12 hrs for day sorties, 10 hrs for night sorties. SPs in formal training course must complete all training events within first 12 hrs of FDP

When should aircrew minimize non-essential cockpit conversations/extraneous activities (sterile cockpit)?

Below 10,000 MSL, during critical phases of flight

When must anti-collision lights be illuminated?

Between just prior to engine start (if power is avialable) until engine is shutdown

When must position lights be illuminated?

Between official sunrise/sunset when engines are running

Can RNAV substituiton be used for DME off of a NAVAID? What about bearing/course guidance?

DME - Yes Bearing/Course guidance - No

What is a course-to-altitude leg on a loaded RNAV approach?

Display an altitude 400 feet above the ground or MDA, whichever is higher. They are not included on the chart procedure.

The HSI should be within how many degrees of the runway heading prior to takeoff?

EHSI should be within 8 degrees of mag compass and within 5 degrees of the known heading.

What is the RNP/CDI scale for the enroute phase of flight (>30 NM)? Terminal phase (NLT 30 NM)? Approach phase (NLT FAF)?

Enroute - 5 NM Terminal - 1 NM Approach - 0.3 NM

How does ASDA come into your flight planning (so to speak)

Ensure CFL is less than ASDA

What is the allowable DME error?

Ensure that distance is within 1/2 mile or 3%, whichever is greater

If you lose visual reference to the runway when circling to land, waht missed approach should you execute?

Execute the missed approach for the runway the approach was flown to. If flying the ILS to RWY 14 to circle to RWY 36 and you lose sight of the RWY while circling, execute the missed approach for RWY 14.

At FL250 and .75 mach, how much will a WSSP increase fuel flow on the engines? What's a reasonable technique for how much fuel to assume you'll burn while flying? What about with FL350 and .9 mach?

FL250 - Increase about 125pph each engine 150-200 pounds burned FL350 - Increase about 220pph each engine 250-300 pounds extra burned

T or F: When two aircraft are approaching a runway to land, the higher aircraft hs the right of way.

False

T/F Voice comm are possilbe on TACAN freq.

False

Circling is flown at what airspeed and configuration?

Final turn airspeed (Yellow Speed) and 60 flaps

Define Crew Rest. What does it include? What constitutes a break in crew rest?

Free time that includes meals, transpo and sleep. A minimum of 12 hours before a flight duty period begins with an opportunity for 8 hrs uninterupted sleep. Any official business breaks crew rest. A PIC may initate mission related comms w/o breaking crew rest.

If a pilot decides to file based on visibility only criteria, what additional allowances must be provided for in the preflight planning?

Fuel required for an approach and missed approach msut be included in the total flight plan fuel if vis-only weather criteria is used to determine the suitability of the original destination

How do you determine VDP?

HAT/(GS x 100). "Gus wears a HAT"

If encountered, what must a PIC immediately report?

Hazardous weather conditions Wake Turbulence Volcanic Activity Large concentration of birds/wildlife Any other adverse condition that can affect safety

Define HAA

Height Above Airport - height of the miminum descent altitude above the published airport elevation

Define HAT

Height Above Touchdown - the height of the decision height or MDA above the highest runway elevation in the touchdown zone (first 3000' of the runway).

Who can authorize photo/video recording devices?

Helmet/cockpit mounted - OG/CC. AC may approve use in student/cargo compartments

Define Touchdown Zone Elevation

Highest elevation in the first 3000' of the runway

What must you ensure if an entry to a procedure turn puts you on the non-maneuvering side of the course?

Holding Method: If you intercept the course outbound, maintain the course for the remainder of the outbound leg and then turn toward the maneuvering side to reverse course. Other methods: Intercept and maintain the procedure turn course outbound as soon as possible after passing the procedure turn fix.

Proceding direct to an IAF, if your heading is not within 90 degrees of the course, how do you begin the approach? Are you required to make any additional requests with approach?

If aircraft heading is within 90 degrees of the course, the pilot may lead the turn. If heading is more than 90 degrees off course, use turn reversal or request manuevering room with ATC

If you are vectored off of a SID, can you assume the SID is cancelled? What if you are assigned an altitude that differs from the SID restrictions? If the above situation develops, should you fly the routing of the SID?

If you are vectoed or cleared off of the assigned SID, you may consider it cancelled unless told otherwise by the controller. ATC clearance amendments take presidence over the SID restrictions.

What direction of turn is a non standard holding pattern?

Left turns

Define MEA/MOCA

MEA (Minimum en route Altitude) - lowest published atlittude between raidio fixes which assures acceptable navigational siganl coverage and meets obstacle clearance requirements between those fixes MOCA (Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude) - Obstacle clearance req for the entire route segment and which assures acceptable navgiation siganl coverage only within 25 SM of a VOR.

What obstacle clearance dose the Minimum Sector Altitude provide?

MSA provides the 1000' obstacle clearance within 25 NM of the facility

Where is the missed approach point for any precision approach?

Missed apporach point for any precision approach is the point at which the DA/DH is reached

What does a slash ( / ) in the approach name mean? I.E. VOR/DME

More than one type of equipment may be required to execute the final approach

Do TEMPO condition prevent you from filing somewhere if below mins?

NO. Pilots may file to a destination with a forecast that includes TEMPO changes in ceiling and/or vis lower than prescribed in 8.7.1, but an alternate may be required

Can a night sortie be the third flying event of the day?

No

Is the T-38 authorized to conduct RNP procedures?

No

When can you descend from the procedure turn altitude?

Once you are abeam the procedure turn fix heading outbound. If unable to determine when abeam the fix, descend on completion of the turn outbound.

When is an aircraft commander allowed to deviate from 11-202, flight rule or ATC clearance

Only to protect, life, for safety of flight or when an inflight emergency requires immediate action

What are the takeoff minimums?

Pilots shall not takeoff when the existing weather is below the landing minimums for their aircraft, unless specifically authorized by the MAJCOM, but in no case less than 600 RVR

When flying a Q or T route, what will you need to maunally set the RNP/CDI scale to? What about a terminal procedure such as a STAR if outside of 30 NM?

Q or T route - 2 NM Terminal Procedure outside of 30 NM - 1 NM

When departing VFR from a nonmilitary airfield, how do you activate your VFR flight plan?

Request with tower or contact FSS 255.4

Which direction must aircraft converging head on alter their course?

Right

When do you not fly the holding in leiu of procedure turn?

S - Straight In approach N - No PT routing E - Established in Holding R - Radar Vectors from ATC T - Timing Approach

What should you set in the course selector window for a back course localizer?

Set in the front course for the opposite runway. If doing a back course for RWY 14, set in the course for RWY 32

What are the Maximum Holding Airspeeds?

Surface to 6,000' - 200 KIAS 6,000' to 14,000' - 230 KIAS Above 14,000' - 265 KIAS At USAF fields - 310 KIAS AT USN fields - 230 KIAS

When must the landing light be illuminated?

TO clearance is recieved During TO roll from and uncontrolled airfield When operating below 10,000 MSL When on the active runway unless safety/mission dictates

Does the T-38 us TORA or TODA for planning?

TORA

What is TORA? TODA? LDA? ASDA?

TORA - Takeoff run available. The runway length declared available and suitable for the ground run of an airplane on TO TODA - Takeoff distance available. The TO run available plus the length of any remaining runway or clearway beyond the far end of TO run available ASDA - Accelerated Stoping Distance Available. The runway plus stopway length declared available and suitable for the acceleration and deceleration of an airplane aborting a takeoff. LDA - Landing Distance Available. The runway length declared available and suitable for a landing airplane.

When two aircraft are converging, which one has the right of way?

The aircraft on the right

When executing and ILS approach, what d you do if the aircraft gets more than 1 dot below or 2 dots above the glideslope? If the glideslope is recaptured prior to _____ what can you do?

Transistion to localizer mins if above them. If the glideslope is recaptured within the limits before DA then you may transition back.

T or F (RNAV) Only those approaches included in the T-38 database are authorized. Terminal area and insturment apporach procedures must be retrieved in their entirety from the database. Pilots may not alter terminal procedures retrieved from the database enter them manually.

True

T or F: A distressed aircraft has the right of way over all other traffic.

True

T or F: An overtaken aircraft has the right of way, the overtaking aircraft must alter course to the right.

True

T or F: When meteorological conditions permit, pilots under either IFR or VFR are responsible for avoiding traffic, terrain/obstacles and environmental hazards.

True

T or F: You are responsible for closing a VFR flight plan with FSS after landing

True

T/F Voice comm are possilbe on ILS freq.

True

T/F Voice comm are possilbe on VOR freq.

True

Explain the option of a teardrop entry?

Upon reaching the fix, you may either: Turn on the holding side and proceed on an outbound track to not exceed 45 degrees from the outbound course. Attempt to intercept the course outbound and then turn inbound when appropriate. Turn outbound to a heading for a 30 degree entry on the holding side for the appropriate time or distance and then toward inbound to the course to intcept the inbound course

What is the definition of VDP, TDZE, Field Elevation, and MSA/ESA

VDP - a defined point on final approach course of a non-precision straight-in from which a normal descent (approx. 3 degrees) from MDA to the runway, provided the runway is in visual sight. TDZE - Highest point in the first 3,000' of the runway Field Elevation - the highest point on any usable landing surface MSA - provides 1000' of obstacle clearance within 25 NM of the facility ESA - provides 1000' of obstacle clearance (2000' mountainous) within 100 NM of the facility MSA/ESA do not guarentee NAVAID reception

What must the PIC do following a devitation from flight rule or given ATC traffic priority in an emergency?

Verbally report incident to supervisor/commmanding authority

If you are going to fly a high altitude penetration, what items must you check before the IAF?

W - Weather D - Descent Check R - Review the approach H - Holding (as required) O - Obtain Clearance S - Speeds

What disqualifies an alternate?

Weather below 1000' and 2 SM or 500' and 1 SM above the lowest compatible approach, whichever is higher Winds out of limits +/- 1 hr of ETA No weather reporting is available GPS is the the only NAVAID Unmonitored NAVAID All compatible approaches require RADAR RVSM denial FLIP designated as A NA Any note that applies

When may you start the descent from a depicted altitude at the IAP if flying a procedure track?

When abeam or past the IAF and on a parallel or or intercept heading to the procedural track course. Except for initail descents at an IAF, be established on the apporopraite segment of the procedural track before descending to the next altitude shown on the IAP

Following an unintentional cabin pressure loss, when must an aircrew see a flight surgeon or other aviation medical authority prior to further flight?

When cabin altitude exceeds 18,000 MSL

When must aircraft occupants wear a seatbelt?

When seated in an ejection seat, directed by PIC, taxi/TO/LDG, when in cockpit

When should the PIC declare min/emergency fuel

When the aircraft may land at he intended destination with less than the MDS-specified min or emergency fuel reserves

When receiving radar vectors to final for a GPS approach, what is "established on course" defined as?

When within 1 dot deflection (Half of full scale deflection)

What weather is required at my alternate if it does not have an appoach?

With a published IAP forecast weather for the ETA (+/- 1 hr) must permit a VFR descent from the MIA to a VFR approach and landing OR if the mission justifies the increased risk, under specific conditions, an otherwise unqualified airfield maybe designated as an alternate by the MAJCOM

When is an alternate required?

Wx less than 2000' and 3 SM (May be reduced to 1500' and 3 SM if local training sortie, IP on board, departing/arrival airport the same, and +/- 2 hrs of arrival) Winds out of limits +/- 1 hr of ETA No Wx reporting capability GPS is the only NAVAID Unmonitored NAVAID Radar is required on all compatible approaches RVSM denial Lowest compatible approach is greater than 1500' and 3 SM

Is a flashlight required for all night sorties?

Yes

You are planning on going to KSHV and land on 14/32. Runway dimensions are 8250x200. After referencing the IFR Sup, you see that the LDA is only 7979. Can you still land there?

Yes

Do TEMPO conditions disqualify an alternate if below mins?

Yes, EXCEPT those caused by thunderstorms, rain showers, or snow showers

Can we takeoff on a runway that has a 8000' published length but a TORA of 7900'?

Yes. If the calcuated TO roll is less than or equal to TORA and meets the restrictions in the 11-2T-38V3 para 3.7.3. The percentage of TO dist restriction willl be applied to runway dimensions, not TORA

If loading an RNAV approach from the database, do you still ned to have the paper copy of the approach?

Yes. The database approach needs to be crosschecked to ensure accuracy