integrated science c2
Some objects in space are created from clouds of gas and dust. What will happen if the cloud does not have enough mass?
A star will not form.
About how long ago did our solar system start to form?
About 5 billion years ago
Which event signals the birth of a star?
Extreme heat and pressure causes nuclear fusion.
Which event takes place first in the stages before the birth of a star?
Gravity pulls gas and dust together.
Which statements describe dark matter? Select two options.
It is invisible, it does not emit electromagnetic radiation.
Which objects in space formed from the huge disk of ice and debris beyond the outer planets? Select two options.
Pluto, comets
Which statements describe the outer planets? Select three options.
The outer planets are also called gas giants, the outer planets have a high gravity due to their large size, the outer planets formed where temperatures were cooler.
Which is currently the most supported theory about the future of the universe?
The universe may continue to expand.
Which of Edwin Hubble's findings support the big bang theory? Select three options.
The universe started at a central point, almost all galaxies are moving away from us, the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away.
Which object forms when a supergiant runs out of fuel?
a neutron star
In 1998, scientists discovered that the expansion of the universe has been accelerating. What force is causing this phenomena?
dark energy
Scientists discovered that stars in the universe are mostly composed of which elements?
hydrogen and helium
As the distance between a satellite in a circular orbit and the central object increases, the period of the satellite ________ continuously fluctuates stays constant
increases
Once an object enters orbit, what keeps the object moving sideways?
inertia
Which best describes cosmic microwave background radiation?
leftover radiation from the big bang
What is the Sun classified as on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?
main sequence star
What is the initial stage of all stars?
nebula
Which object would be considered to be in free fall?
one with only gravity acting upon it
Which of these forms as part of the life cycles of both low-mass and high-mass stars as a result of a star-forming nebula collapsing and spinning?
protostar
Why are satellites placed into orbit at least 150 km above Earth's surface?
to avoid air resistance
Which statements accurately describe the Doppler effect? Select three options.
It is used to learn about the behavior of the universe, it was used by Hubble to measure velocities of galaxies, it indicates galaxy motion through light wavelengths.
In which order did the events forming our solar system occur?
The solar nebula spun faster and faster and flattened into a rotating disk. Most of the gas was pulled toward the center, where it became hot and dense, forming the Sun.
What happens first when a star begins to run out of fuel?
The star's core shrinks.
The brightness of a star as seen from Earth is referred to as __________ brightness.
apparent
After the supernova in a star's life cycle, what else is formed in addition to a nebula?
black hole or neutron star
Which color are the hottest stars?
blue
Which property of a star is closely related to its temperature?
color
Enrique is given information about a satellite orbiting Earth. r = 3.8 × 108 m T = 18 days In order to calculate the tangential speed of the satellite, what should Enrique do first?
convert the radius to kilometers
As the distance between a satellite in a circular orbit and the central object increases, the period of the satellite ______
increases
What causes a satellite to move tangentially to a circular path?
inertia
The presence of which element would indicate that a star is going through a high-mass star life cycle as opposed to a low-mass star life cycle?
iron
According to the big bang theory, which describes the universe before the actual big bang occurred?
single, hot, dense point smaller than an atom
Which stars tend to have the greatest range of temperatures and the highest luminosities?
supergiants
What do astronomers use to calculate the age of the universe? Select three options.
the age of the oldest stars, patterns of background radiation how fast distant galaxies are moving away from us
What causes a star to shine brightly?
the energy that is released