integumentary A&P

Which of these epidermal layers would be LEAST likely to develop cancer? A) A B) C C) D D) E

A

Which of these glands is properly matched with its mode of secretion? A) A; holocrine B) A; merocrine C) C; apocrine D) C; holocrine

A; holocrine

A Caucasian patient with pale skin is treated for low blood pressure with medication that elevates the blood pressure; however, the skin's pallor does not change. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the pallor in this patient? A) respiratory disease that results in the blood being poorly oxygenated B) the presence of hematomas in the skin C) hypertension caused by excessive use of the medication D) Anemia

Anemia

Which layer is composed primarily of dense irregular connective tissue? A) A B) B C) C D) D

C

Which structure is a type of sweat gland? A) A B) B C) C D) D

C

Cell division would be most common among cells in which of the labeled layers? A) A B) B C) C D) D

D

In the presence of sunlight, Vitamin D precursors are produced. This is important for the transport of sodium in our intestines. Is this statement true or false? A) True B) False

False

Keratin protects skin cell DNA from the damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Is this statement true or false? A) True B) False

False

New portions of a nail are produced at the nail bed. Is this statement true or false? A) True B) False

False

Our skin helps us to regulate our body temperature by causing shivering. Is this statement true or false? A) True B) False

False

The biggest risk factor for the development of skin cancer is excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. Exposure to UV light in a tanning booth is safer. Is this statement true or false? A) True B) False

False

Which of the following correctly describes a common feature of all structures labeled A through D in the figure? A) Structures A, B, C, and D are located in the dermis. B) Structures A, B, C, and D are all various types of glands. C) Structures A, B, C, and D are composed primarily of smooth muscle. D) All the listed statements correctly describe structures A, B, C, and D.

Structures A, B, C, and D are located in the dermis.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A) Keratinocytes produce a fibrous protein to protect the epidermis. B) Langerhans cells activate the immune system. C) Melanin provides protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. D) Tactile cells anchor the skin to the body.

Tactile cells anchor the skin to the body.

What is the role of the hair follicle? A) The hair follicle serves as an anchor for the hair shaft. B) The hair follicle serves as a sensory receptor. C) The hair follicle allows hair to "stand on end," or become erect. D) The hair follicle produces hair.

The hair follicle serves as an anchor for the hair shaft.

Which of the following best explains the fact that eyebrows do NOT grow as long as the hair on the head? A) The hair follicles of the eyebrows do not have a hair matrix; the hair follicles in the scalp do have a hair matrix. B) The hair follicles of the eyebrows exhibit a resting phase, but the hair follicles in the scalp do not. C) The hair follicles of the eyebrows are active for only a few months before becoming inactive; the hair follicles in the scalp are active for years before becoming inactive. D) The hair follicles of the eyebrows are not responsive to androgens; hair follicles in the scalp are responsive to androgens. E) The hair of the eyebrows does not have a cuticle, but the hair on the head does have a cuticle.

The hair follicles of the eyebrows are active for only a few months before becoming inactive; the hair follicles in the scalp are active for years before becoming inactive.

Which of the following represents a difference between eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands? A) The secretions of apocrine sweat glands contain more fat and protein than do the secretions of eccrine sweat glands. B) Eccrine sweat glands use exocytosis to make secretions, while apocrine sweat glands do not. C) Eccrine sweat glands begin to function at puberty, while apocrine sweat glands function throughout life. D) Eccrine sweat glands are located deeper in the dermis than apocrine sweat glands.

The secretions of apocrine sweat glands contain more fat and protein than do the secretions of eccrine sweat glands.

If a large number of whiteheads appear on the skin of the forehead, which of the following would result? A) fine hairs on the forehead would become brittle B) the forehead's skin would become dry C) bacteria on the forehead's skin would grow and multiply freely D) all of the above

all of the above

In a woman that has hirsutism, ________. A) the keratin filaments in hair undergo cell division to thicken the hair B) androgens stimulate vellus hair to become terminal hair C) the cuticles in the visible portions of hair shafts undergo extensive cell division D) none of the above

androgens stimulate vellus hair to become terminal hair

Layer B is composed primarily of __________. A) dense regular connective tissue B) simple squamous epithelium C) dense irregular connective tissue D) areolar connective tissue

areolar connective tissue

Which of the following is NOT an immediate threat to the system as a result of burns? A) dehydration B) bacterial infection C) electrolyte imbalance D) renal failure

bacterial infection

Which of the following would NOT be a correct characteristic of melanoma? A) diameter of 12 mm B) color that is dark black or brown C) border regularity D) asymmetry

border regularity

The skin is permeable to organic solvents, such as acetone or turpentine, because they ______. A) can dissolve the lipid bilayers of epidermal and dermal cell plasma membranes B) are small molecules that bypass skin cells and therefore directly enter the blood C) solubilize the skin's keratin filaments D) solubilize the skin's collagen fibers

can dissolve the lipid bilayers of epidermal and dermal cell plasma membranes

Earwax is made by __________. A) sebaceous glands B) ceruminous glands C) eccrine glands D) apocrine glands

ceruminous glands

Layers B and C collectively form the _________. A) epidermis B) hypodermis C) dermis D) subcutaneous layer

dermis

What is the function of structure B? A) production of defensive chemicals B) storage of fat C) detection of pressure stimulus D) secretion of sweat

detection of pressure stimulus

You discover a new type of gland associated with the skin. Chemical analysis of the product shows a secretion has a pH of 4, consists of 99% water, and contains traces of normal electrolytes including urea, vitamin C, and dermicidin. There are no traces of fats or proteins. How would you classify this new gland? A) ceruminous gland B) mammary gland C) eccrine gland D) sebaceous gland

eccrine gland

In alopecia, new hair growth stops because cell division is inhibited in the_________. A) epithelial root sheath B) cuticle C) hair matrix D) hair follicle receptor

hair matrix

In people with lighter skin, respiratory failure can lead to a change in the color of the skin. Which pigmentation factor is affecting this change? A) carotene B) hemoglobin C) folic acid D) melanin

hemoglobin

Surface skin cells regenerate from stem cells found in which specific region? A) in the stratum basal B) in the stratum corner C) in the deepest layer of the skin D) in the papillary layer of the dermis

in the stratum basal

What is the most common cell type in the epidermis? A) dendritic cells B) macrophages C) keratinocytes D) fibroblasts

keratinocytes

Which skin pigment is made in the skin as a natural defense against UV radiation? A) carotene B) melanin C) keratin D) hemoglobin

melanin

Which skin-color-associated, pigment-producing cell is located in the labeled layer D? A) fibroblast B) tactile (Merkel) cell C) keratinocyte D) melanocyte

melanocyte

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is _______. A) melanoma B) basal cell carcinoma C) squamous cell carcinoma D) All of these skin cancers are equally dangerous.

melanoma

The integument's ability to resist tearing when stretched is largely due to the ________. A) desmosomes that bind together the cells of the stratum basal B) abundance of dense fibers found in the papillary layer of the dermis C) network of collagen fibers present in the reticular layer of the dermis D) dead, flattened layers of keratinized cells that fuse to form the stratum corneum

network of collagen fibers present in the reticular layer of the dermis

Which type of cell is NOT found in the epidermis? A) dendritic cells B) keratinocytes C) melanocytes D) pain receptors

pain receptors

Which of the following is NOT a function of sebum? A) protection from bacteria B) lubrication of the skin C) protection from UV radiation D) prevention of water loss

protection from UV radiation

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the epidermis? A) stratum corner B) stratum granulosum C) reticular layer D) basal layer

reticular layer

In general, skin cancer is least likely to develop in which of the following locations? A) scalp B) forehead C) nose D) the back of the hand

scalp

Which glands secrete an oily product that softens the skin and hair? A) ceruminous glands B) sebaceous glands C) apocrine sweat glands D) eccrine sweat glands

sebaceous glands

Susan sat out in the sun watching a baseball game. She developed small blisters on her unprotected shoulders and neck. What type of burn is represented by the formation of the blisters? A) first-degree burn B) second-degree burn C) third-degree burn D) full-thickness burn

second-degree burn

During cold weather, blood vessels located in the dermis undergo vasoconstriction restricting blood flow into the skin. This produces additional body heat by routing blood to what effector organ? A) cardiac muscle B) smooth muscle C) brain D) skeletal muscle

skeletal muscle

Pigment can be found in several layers of the epidermis. In which layers would you expect to find the cells that produce melanin? A) stratum spinosum B) stratum lucid C) stratum granulosum D) stratum basale

stratum basale

Which stratum of the epidermis contains the stem cells responsible for regenerating the more superficial layers? A) stratum spinosum B) stratum corner C) stratum granulosum D) stratum basale

stratum basale

Which of the following layers is found only on the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet? A) stratum lucid B) stratum basale C) stratum corner D) stratum granulosum

stratum lucid

Which of the following terms describes layer D? A) epidermal B) subcutaneous C) papillary D) reticular

subcutaneous

Which epidermal cells act as sensory touch receptors? A) melanocytes B) dendritic cells C) tactile cells D) keratinocytes

tactile cells

The source of the fluid that accumulates in a blister is________. A) water that is absorbed from the environment into the skin B) water that is squeezed out of the overlying epidermal cells C) the plasma of the blood flowing through the numerous dermal blood vessels D) none of the above

the plasma of the blood flowing through the numerous dermal blood vessels

Which dermal layer is responsible for the dermal properties of skin that are evident as cleavage lines? A) the granular layer B) the papillary layer C) the basal layer D) the reticular layer

the reticular layer

Which of the following does NOT protect the skin from bacteria? A) the low pH of the skin B) the temperature of the skin C) defense's D) cathelicidins E) dermcidin

the temperature of the skin

What feature of the prickle cells in layer C causes them to have pointy projections after tissue preparation? A) the rigidity of the cell membrane B) their desmosome attachments C) glycolipids that make the layer waterproof D) pulling by shrunken keratin fibers between the cells

their desmosome attachments

If a person were born without eccrine glands, what skin function would he or she have a hard time completing? A) metabolic function B) cutaneous sensation C) thermoregulation D) having the skin act as a physical barrier

thermoregulation

What is the function of the secretion from A? A) to lubricate hair and prevent infection B) to waterproof the epidermis C) to cool the body D) to provide nourishment for the cells in the hair

to lubricate hair and prevent infection

Which of these is NOT a function of the layer at D? A) to insulate the body from heat loss B) to supply cells to replace those lost from the epidermis C) to loosely connect the skin to underlying tissue D) to store energy

to supply cells to replace those lost from the epidermis