International Politics 140
___________ is not a necessary component of a state.
Democracy
An identity solution to the collective goods problem in international relations can be explained by objective, material self-interest of some nation-states.
False
Pessimists of human nature dismiss balance of power as an unworkable concept.
False
According to IR research, a unipolar power distribution appears to be the best at maintaining __________.
Peace
The most important feature of international relations according to a realist is ___________.
Power
The disadvantage of dominance as a solution to collective-goods problems include which of the following?
Stability that comes at a cost of constant oppression of the lower ranking members of the status hierarchy
Realists believe which of the following?
States act in an international system characterized by anarchy
In 1995 superpower leaders gathered in Geneva, deciding to reconstitute Austria. This type of gathering can be considered an example of a __________.
Summit meeting
The Marshall Plan was a policy or organization designed to fight ________.
The Soviet Union
How is the identity principle distinguished from the dominance and reciprocity principles?
The identity principle does not rely on self-interest, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on achieving individual self-interest.
A realist likely believes that, "The national interest is defined as the acquisition, and retention, of power."
True
A sibling who achieves the position of power through a struggle between his/her siblings is an example of dominance.
True
Deterrence is defined as the threat to punish another actor if it takes a certain negative action.
True
Reciprocity can be enforced without any central authority.
True
The stemming of global warming is an example of collective interest.
True
Most modern alliances _____________.
are formalized in written treaties
The post-Cold War era is ____________.
characterized by transnational concerns such as environmental degradation and disease
According to Singer, while the systemic level produces a _________ picture of international relations, the state level generates a _______ image.
comprehensive, less coherent
International relations ___________.
concerns the relationships among the world's governments
Levels of analysis offer _______ explanations for international events.
different
Consideration of the political organizations, government agencies, and economic sectors of states is the focus of the _____ level of analysis.
domestic
A nation is NOT a ______ share characteristics such as language and culture.
set of relationships which IS: collection of territories, group of elected politicians, group of people
According to Waltz, Rousseau found the major causes of war in
states system
Anarchy in the international system refers to _________.
the absence of a central government that can enforce rules
A security dilemma occurs when __________.
the actions taken by a state to ensure its own security threatens the security of other states
With respect to power ___________.
the relative power of a state is more important to realists than the absolute power of a state
Which of the following best approximates the goal Morgenthau's theory of political realism?
to simplify the complex world of international politics
According to Singer, the international system as a level of analysis postulates a high degree of _______ in the foreign policy operational codes of our national actors.
uniformity
In 1975, South Vietnam fell signaling apparent U.S. weakness on the global stage; U.S. involvement in the Vietnam conflict is an example of ________.
A proxy war
In the Cold War era, just as was the case for the US in Vietnam, the Soviet Union could not defeat rebel armies in ___________.
Afghanistan
Which are two intergovernmental organizations?
African Union and NATO
Which of the following terms are a correct conceptualization of the role of national actors within the international system level of analysis?
Black box Billiard Ball Regime type ?????
Which of the following events in the post-WWII period probably brought the U.S. and the Soviet Union closest to nuclear war?
Cuban Missile Crises
Which of the following is a critique of the assumption of rationality?
Decision-makers often lack necessary information to accurately estimate the cost of an action
Woodrow Wilson is known in history for which of the following ideas?
Democracies are inherently peaceful Authoritarian states are inherently violent There is a fundamental difference between peaceful and aggressive states
The Berlin Wall was built by _______.
East Germany
German utilization of speedy offensives via railroads in the Franco-Prussian War was an example of the cult of the defensive.
False
Realists believe that States are the least important actors in IR
False
The argument that a dominant state can enforce international rules, avoid collective-action problems, and encourage peace is known as the democratic stability theory.
False
Waltz is likely to argue that people with close cultural affinity are less likely to fight each other.
False
Modern realist theory developed in reaction to __________.
Idealsim
How does a zero-sum game compare to a non-zero sum game?
In a zero-sum game, one player's gain is by definition equal to the other's loss, whereas in a non-zero sum game, it is possible for both players to gain or lose
The Sino-Soviet split resulted in China becoming extremely ______.
Independent
The _________ level of analysis concerns the choices and actions of human beings.
Individual
Which is an example of a transnational actor?
Intergovernmental organizations
States are not supposed to meddle in the ___________ and decision process of other states.
International affairs
With respect to regimes, which of the following statements is true?
International regimes coordinate the behavior of states to assist them in overcoming collective-goods problems.
The two major subfields of international relations are_____?
International security and international political economy
According to Waltz, what quality characterizes a sovereign state?
It decides for itself how to handle its domestic and foreign problems
Why is the analogy of a market useful for Waltz's purpose?
It illustrates how an order that constraints the decisions of units can arise spontaneously and without an order
Which of the following scholars believed that increased knowledge of other cultures will lead to peaceful cooperation among all people?
Lawrence Frank
The first attempt at creating a collective security system was the _______.
League of Nations
Which of the following are examples of substrate actors that can OR do influence a country's foreign policy or have an international role?
Medellin drug cartel in Columbia ISIS ????
How is a middle power distinguished from a great power?
Middle powers can be large geographically but not highly industrialized, whereas great powers have the world's strongest economies to pay for military forces and other power capabilities
According to Waltz, an example of a philosopher that "explains the ills of the world in the evils of man" is _____
Milton
_____________ is an element of power on which an actor can draw over the long term, whereas _________ is an element of power that allows an actor to exercise influence in the short term.
Natural resources, military force
Which scholar did not hold a pessimistic view of human nature?
Norman Angell
in 2011 Libyan revolutions fought dictator Mummer Gaddafi, eventually receiving support from NATO and the U.S., leading to a rebel victory. This is an example in the altering of what?
Power estimation
How can liberal theories of IR be distinguished from realism?
Realists see the rules of IR as timeless and unchanging, whereas liberal theorists see the rules of IR as evolving incrementally.
Rationality implies which of the following?
States are unitary actors that can think about their actions coherently and make choices
A current example of a collective-goods problem is that __________.
States find it hard it hard to cooperate to reduce environment damage
_________ is only informally recognized as a state, despite being a political entity often referred to as one.
Taiwan
According to Morgenthau, what differences the study of politics from other branches of learning?
The unsavory truths revealed by a rational study of politics are difficult for most people to accept
Which of the following is true regarding international regimes?
They refer to a set of rules, norms, and procedures around which the expectations of actors converge in a certain issue area.
What role do states play as economic units in the process of globalization, according to economic liberalists?
They share power in the process for mutually beneficial outcomes
What treaty is commonly thought of as the start of the modern international system?
Treaty of Westphalia
A potential problem of forming an alliance is that great powers will be dragged into wars with each other if their respective client states go to war.
True
What was the result of the Korean War at the time of the 1953 truce?
US-South Korean alliance in Asia became stronger
The current constellation of power in the international system could best be described as a ________ system.
Unipolar
During the Cold War, the alliances of states coordinated under the leadership of the __________ was called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
United States
An example of Cold War alliances between states is the ________.
Warsaw Pact
According to Morgenthau, which of the following conditions is the most likely to generate stability and peace in a realist world?
a balance of power
International relations revolves around the key problem of how ________.
a group can reconcile its collective and individual interests
According to Waltz, an understanding of international politics requires ___________
a system theory that treats international politics as a distinct system
The collective-goods problem is the problem of how to provide something that benefits _____ members of a group regardless of what each member contributes.
all
That trade increases wealth, cooperation, global well-being, and, ultimately, peace is ___________.
an explanation by Immanuel Kant of how peace and cooperation are possible
According to Morgenthau, a political theory cannot exist without
an understanding of interest that defines it in terms of power
International regimes ____________.
are stronger when embedded in permanent institutions
The general idea that one or more states' power is being used to counter that of another state or group is called _______.
balance of power
Which of the following is a potential realist explanation for why states engage in balancing behavior? They __________.
don't trust each other
When Yugoslavia fell apart __________.
ethnic Serbs seized parts of Croatia and Bosnia, where they killed or forced non-Serbs from their homes
The ______ level of analysis concerns the influence of the international system upon outcome, whereas the ____ level of analysis concerns the influence of trends and forces that transcend the interactions of states upon outcomes.
interstate, global
In Waltz's micro theory of international relations, the assumption that states act according to a survival instinct
is the most simple and useful assumption to make about states' actions, even if it is not always true
Realsist argue that one states' reliance on another spurs ___________ tensions in short term contexts.
more
Working through international institutions to achieve foreign policy goals is the preference of ____________.
multilateralists
The theory that focuses on the importance of structure of the international system, rather than the internal makeup of individual states, is known as ____________.
neorealism
Recently, North Korea and Iran were players in recent crises involving _________.
nuclear weapons programs
Choices about how capabilities are used in situations and whether or not a state is willing to use its capabilities are known as ___________.
power strategies
The idea that the largest wars will result from challenges to the top position in the status hierarchy is referred to as the __________.
power transition theory
International relations is largely a _________ discipline.
practical
The U.S. attempted to contain the Soviet Union influence around the world after WWII by __________.
providing aid to rebuild Western Europe
Thomas Hobbes belongs to the _________ school of thought.
realist
The fluidity of alliances is underscored by _________.
realists
Hegemony_________.
reduces anarchy and deters aggression in the international system
How do dominance and reciprocity compare as solutions to collective-goods problems? Dominance ___________.
relies on a power hierarchy acting as a central authority, whereas reciprocity operates without any central hierarchy
Article V of the North Atlantic Treaty calls for members to come to the defense of a fellow member under attack. It was involved for the first time when ___________.
the United States came under terrorist attack in 2001
Which of the following best characterizes the term structure as defined by Waltz?
the arrangement of units in relation to each other
Globalization is ___________.
the central trend in international relations today
Why are collective goods easier to provide in small groups than larger groups?
the defection of one member is harder to conceal
According to one of the theories within the broad theoretical approach of realism, conflicts between middle powers and smaller states can be resolved or contained by ___________.
the hegemon
