Internet Basic Terms
Trojan
A Trojan horse, or Trojan, in computing is any malicious computer program which misrepresents itself to appear useful, routine, or interesting in order to persuade a victim to install it.
IP Address
A number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet.
Homepage
The first page of a website
Bookmark
a saved shortcut that directs your browser to a specific webpage.
Archive
(n.) historical records and documents; the place where such records are kept
Router
A device that routes packets of data between two or more networks.
Name
In computing, the proposed Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS) protocol allows automated discovery, management and configuration of iSCSI and Fibre Channel devices (using iFCP gateways) on a TCP/IP network.
HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language
Blogs
Online journals where people and companies post their thoughts and other content, usually related to narrowly defined topics.
Encryption
Process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access.
Plug ins
a plug-in module or plug-in software
Computing
the use or operation of computers.
Malware
software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer system without the user's informed consent
Add-ons
something that has been or can be added to an existing object or arrangement.
Whaling
the use of phishing targeted at senior business executives, government leaders, and other types of high-profile individuals.
1998: Google Inc. is founded by Sergey Brin and Larry Page to promote and oversee their new search engine which will rival yahoo. -a search engine that is one of the 5 most popular websites in the world.
Domain
A domain name is an identification string that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority or control within the Internet. Domain names are formed by the rules and procedures of the Domain Name System (DNS). Any name registered in the DNS is a domain name. Domain names can also be thought of as a location where certain information or activities can be found.
Filtering
A filter is a computer program or subroutine to process a stream, producing another stream. While a single filter can be used individually, they are frequently strung together to form a pipeline. Some operating systems such as Unix are rich with filter programs.
Phishing
A form of Internet Fraud that aims to steal valuable information such as credit card details usernames and passwords. Involves sending a link via an email to a website which looks like a genuine website but in fact is bogus. The recipient may be tricked into following the link and entering details such as bank passwords or personal information
Internet
A global network connecting millions of computers, making it possible to exchange information.
Bookmark
A location or a selection of text that you name and identify for future reference
Web Cookies
A phenomenon in which a visited site sends a piece of data to the users computer and reads it the next time the user visits the site
Website
A place on the internet where you can get information, see pictures or videos, find maps, learn new things
Firewall
A system designed to prevent unauthorised access to your computer when connected to a network such as the Internet
Social
A theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole.
ARPANET
An extranet is a website that allows controlled access to partners, vendors and suppliers or an authorized set of customers - normally to a subset of the information accessible from an organization's intranet. An extranet is similar to a DMZ in that it provides access to needed services for authorised parties, without granting access to an organization's entire network.
Intranet
An intranet is a private network accessible only to an organization's staff.[1][2] Generally a wide range of information and services from the organization's internal IT systems are available that would not be available to the public from the Internet. A company-wide intranet can constitute an important focal point of internal communication and collaboration, and provide a single starting point to access internal and external resources. In its simplest form an intranet is established with the technologies for local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). Benefits >>>>>>>>>> Workforce productivity: Intranets can help users to locate and view information faster and use applications relevant to their roles and responsibilities. With the help of a web browser interface, users can access data held in any database the organization wants to make available, anytime and — subject to security provisions — from anywhere within the company workstations, increasing employees' ability to perform their jobs faster, more accurately, and with confidence that they have the right information. It also helps to improve the services provided to the users. Time: Intranets allow organizations to distribute information to employees on an as-needed basis; Employees may link to relevant information at their convenience, rather than being distracted indiscriminately by email. Communication: Intranets can serve as powerful tools for communication within an organization, vertically strategic initiatives that have a global reach throughout the organization. The type of information that can easily be conveyed is the purpose of the initiative and what the initiative is aiming to achieve, who is driving the initiative, results achieved to date, and who to speak to for more information. By providing this information on the intranet, staff have the opportunity to keep up-to-date with the strategic focus of the organization. Some examples of communication would be chat, email, and/or blogs. A great real world example of where an intranet helped a company communicate is when Nestle had a number of food processing plants in Scandinavia. Their central support system had to deal with a number of queries every day.[8] When Nestle decided to invest in an intranet, they quickly realized the savings. McGovern says the savings from the reduction in query calls was substantially greater than the investment in the intranet. Web publishing allows cumbersome corporate knowledge to be maintained and easily accessed throughout the company using hypermedia and Web technologies.[9] Examples include: employee manuals, benefits documents, company policies, business standards, news feeds, and even training, can be accessed using common Internet standards (Acrobat files, Flash files, CGI applications). Because each business unit can update the online copy of a document, the most recent version is usually available to employees using the intranet. Business operations and management: Intranets are also being used as a platform for developing and deploying applications to support business operations and decisions across the internetworked enterprise.[9] Cost-effective: Users can view information and data via web-browser rather than maintaining physical documents such as procedure manuals, internal phone list and requisition forms. This can potentially save the business money on printing, duplicating documents, and the environment as well as document maintenance overhead. For example, the HRM company PeopleSoft "derived significant cost savings by shifting HR processes to the intranet".[8] McGovern goes on to say the manual cost of enrolling in benefits was found to be USD109.48 per enrollment. "Shifting this process to the intranet reduced the cost per enrollment to $21.79; a saving of 80 percent". Another company that saved money on expense reports was Cisco. "In 1996, Cisco processed 54,000 reports and the amount of dollars processed was USD19 million".[8] Enhance collaboration: Information is easily accessible by all authorised users, which enables teamwork.[9] Cross-platform capability: Standards-compliant web browsers are available for Windows, Mac, and UNIX. Built for one audience: Many companies dictate computer specifications which, in turn, may allow Intranet developers to write applications that only have to work on one browser (no cross-browser compatibility issues). Being able to specifically address your "viewer" is a great advantage. Since Intranets are user-specific (requiring database/network authentication prior to access), you know exactly who you are interfacing with and can personalize your Intranet based on role (job title, department) or individual ("Congratulations Jane, on your 3rd year with our company!"). Promote common corporate culture: Every user has the ability to view the same information within the Intranet. Immediate updates: When dealing with the public in any capacity, laws, specifications, and parameters can change. Intranets make it possible to provide your audience with "live" changes so they are kept up-to-date, which can limit a company's liability.[9] Supports a distributed computing architecture: The intranet can also be linked to a company's management information system, for example a time keeping system.
Engineering
Application of science and mathematics to develop useful structures and machines.
Browser
BrowserWeb browser, used to access the World Wide Web, there are different 3 kinds; Hardware browser, for displaying under the server or network hardware devices, and allows users to interact with the hardware of these tools. used to sense, detect, display and control hardware devices in the network. File browser, also known as a file manager, used to manage files and related objects Help browser, for reading online help Browser service, a feature of Microsoft Windows to let users browse and locate shared resources in neighboring computers Code browser, for navigating source code
E-Commerce
Business conducted electronically (buying/selling on web)
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Search Engine
Look for
Cloud
In cloud computing, the word cloud (also phrased as "the cloud") is used as a metaphor for "the Internet," so the phrase cloud computing means "a type of Internet-based computing," where different services — such as servers, storage and applications — are delivered to an organization's computers and devices through the Internet.
Apps
Individual software programs designed to run on the Internet, computer, phone or other electronic device typically designed to increase functionality or ease of use
IM
Instant messaging (IM) is a type of online chat which offers real-time text transmission over the Internet. A LAN messenger operates in a similar way over a local area network. Short messages are typically transmitted bi-directionally between two parties, when each user chooses to complete a thought and select "send". Some IM applications can use push technology to provide real-time text, which transmits messages character by character, as they are composed. More advanced instant messaging can add file transfer, clickable hyperlinks, Voice over IP, or video chat.
ISP
Internet Service Provider A business that provides organizations and individuals with Internet access and often, other services, such as e-mail and Web hosting.
Extranet
Is a computer network that allows controlled access from outside and organizations intranet. Business to business.
WWW
The World Wide Web (WWW) is an open source information space where documents and other web resources are identified by URLs, interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.[1] The World Wide Web was invented by English scientist Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.
Web
The World Wide Web (WWW) is an open source information space where documents and other web resources are identified by URLs, interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.[1] The World Wide Web was invented by English scientist Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. He wrote the first web browser in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland.[2][3] It has become known simply as the Web. The World Wide Web was central to the development of the Information Age and is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet.[4][5][6] Web pages are primarily text documents formatted and annotated with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). In addition to formatted text, web pages may contain images, video, and software components that are rendered in the user's web browser as coherent pages of multimedia content. Embedded hyperlinks permit users to navigate between web pages. Multiple web pages with a common theme, a common domain name, or both, may be called a website. Website content can largely be provided by the publisher, or interactive where users contribute content or the content depends upon the user or their actions. Websites may be mostly informative, primarily for entertainment, or largely for commercial purposes
W3C
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or W3). Founded and currently led by Tim Berners-Lee,[3] the consortium is made up of member organizations which maintain full-time staff for the purpose of working together in the development of standards for the World Wide Web. As of 4 November 2015, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has 408 members.[2] The W3C also engages in education and outreach, develops software and serves as an open forum for discussion about the Web.
P2P
The type of network shown in the accompanying figure, describes a network in which each computer has equal responsibilities and capabilities. What is this kind of network called?
Web Server
This device is used to store web pages and that information is accessed by processes requests via HTTP, the basic network protocol used to distribute information on the World Wide Web.
Download
Transfer of a file e.g. a video from a central computer, software or information from one computing device to another to your computer
URL
Uniform Resource Locators are strings of characters that contain information about how to access a resource over the Internet.
Web 2.0
Web 2.0 describes World Wide Web sites that emphasize user-generated content, usability, and interoperability. A Web 2.0 site may allow users to interact and collaborate with each other in a social media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community, in contrast to Web sites where people are limited to the passive viewing of content. Examples of Web 2.0 include social networking sites, blogs, wikis, folksonomies, video sharing sites, hosted services, Web applications, and mashups.
Spamming
Which type of malicious activity can be described as numerous unwanted and unsolicited e-mail messages sent to a wide range of victims?
Hyperlink
Word, phrase, symbol, or picture that directs you to another document or website
Modem
a device that enables a computer to transmit and receive data
Webpage
a the term for an electronic document on the web that can contain text, graphics, animation, audio, and video
Ports
codes that identify specific applications running on the system. contained in both TCP and UDP headers.
electronic mail, Transmission of messages between computers or smart devices over a network
Social Media
independent and commercial online communities where people congregate, socialize, and exchange views and information
