Intro Sociology 110 Chapter 5

Anomie

"Normlessness"; term used to describe the alienation and loss of purpose that result from weaker social bonds and an increased pace of change (page 128)

The Asch experiment, which found that most people gave incorrect answers to factual questions when a group of people endorsed those answers beforehand, illustrates the concept of:

Group conformity.

The patterns of interaction between groups and individuals are called:

Group dynamics.

Groupthink

In very cohesive groups, the tendency to enforce a high degree of conformity among members, creating a demand for unanimous agreement (page 137)

A group that one identifies with and feels loyalty toward is called a/an:

In-group.

The CEO who only cares about profits, regardless of the employees personal well-being or morale, is using:

Instrumental leadership.

Which of the following is the strongest type of conformity?

Internalization

Coercive power

Power that is backed by the threat of force (page 141)

Influential power

Power that is supported by persuasion (page 141)

In Bowling Alone, that the declined of group activities, like bingo night or league bowling represents a decline in civic engagement.

Robert Putman

A larger and more impersonal group that is usually organized around a specific goal and is often temporary is called a/an:

Secondary group.

Virtual communities

Social groups whose interactions are mediated through information technologies, particularly the internet (page 129)

You and your family, friends, peers, colleagues, teachers, and co-workers constitute a:

Social network.

Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler explained two principals of transmission.

Social networks have a connection, and second, theres contagion which refers to what flows through social ties.

Primary groups

The people who are most important to our sense of self; members' relationships are typically characterized by face-to-face interaction, high levels of cooperation, and intense feelings of belonging (page 124)

Social loafing

The phenomenon in which as more individuals are added to a task, each individual contributes a little less; a source of inefficiency when working in teams (page 141)

Category

People who share one or more attributes but who lack a sense of common identity or belonging (page 124)

Group

A collection of people who share some attribute, identify with one another, and interact with each other. Like family, star track, fan club, and a soccer team. (page 124) Social groups provide the values, norms, and rules that guide our lives. A crowd is a temporary gathering of people in a public place, whose menbers may interact but do not identify with each other and will not remain in contact

Aggregate

A crowd is one example of an aggregate, collection of people who share a physical location but do not have lasting social relations (page 124)

In-group

A group that one identifies with and feels loyalty toward (page 132)

Reference group

A group that provides a standard of comparison against which we evaluate ourselves (page 133)

Which of the following would probably be considered an out-group by your city police force?

A motorcycle gang

Crowd

A temporary gathering of people in a public place; members might interact but do not identify with each other and will not remain in contact (page 124)

Social identity theory

A theory of group formation and maintenance that stresses the need of individual members to feel a sense of belonging (page 141)

Triad

A three-person social group (page 132)

Dyad

A two-person social group (page 132)

Identification

A type of conformity stronger than compliance and weaker than internalization, caused by a desire to establish or maintain a relationship with a person or a group (page 138)

Bureaucracy

A type of secondary group designed to perform tasks efficiently, characterized by specialization, technical competence, hierarchy, rules and regulations, impersonality, and formal written communication (page 144)

Charismatic authority

Authority based in the perception of remarkable personal qualities in a leader (page 142)

A collection of people who share a physical location but do not have lasting social relations is called a/an:

Aggregate.

What is Durkheim's term for a state of normlessness?

Anomie

Out-group

Any group an individual feels opposition, rivalry, or hostility toward (page 133)

Traditional authority

Authority based in custom, birthright, or divine right (page 141)

Ilegal- rational authority

Authority based in laws, rules, and procedures, not in the heredity or personality of any individual leader (page 142)

Proscriptions

Behaviors a particular social group wants its members to avoid (page 137)

Prescriptions

Behaviors approved of by a particular social group (page 137)

The Primary groups represent the most important "looking glasses in the foundation of our social selves.

Charles Horton Cooley

Power that is backed by the threat of force is called:

Coercive power.

An employee who adheres to a dress code at work even though he or she would rather not is an example of conformity due to:

Compliance.

Social ties

Connections between individuals (page 125)

Studied The Science of a Connected Aged

Duncan Watts (2003)

Leadership concerned with maintaining emotional and relational harmony within the group is called:

Expressive leadership.

The trickle down ractionalization process.( touch tone)

George Ritzer (1996)

McDonaldization

George Ritzer's term describing the spread of bureaucratic rationalization and the accompanying increases in efficiency and dehumanization (page 145)

While crowd membersdo interact, they don't necessarily have a sense of common identity.

Goffaman 1971

The sense of solidarity or loyalty that individuals feel toward a group to which they belong is called:

Group cohesion.

The tendency to enforce a high degree of conformity among members that creates a demand for unanimous agreement is called:

Groupthink.

Finds that United States one of the most powerful members of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Joseph Conti

Secondary groups

Larger and less intimate than primary groups; members' relationships are usually organized around a specific goal and are often temporary (page 124)

Expressive leadership

Leadership concerned with maintaining emotional and relational harmony within the group (page 143)

Instrumental leadership

Leadership that is task or goal oriented (page 143)

The Strenght of the Weak Ties (1973), measure how a persons distance relatives and acquantances about job opprotunities. That people tend to find homogeneous social networks to have direct ties to those who are like them.

Mark Granovetter

Women who are part of a network that includes more men than women more likely to hear about good job leads.

Matt Hoffman and Lisa Torres (2002)

Which of the following is true concerning primary and secondary groups?

Membership in secondary groups usually does not carry the same potential for emotional satisfaction as primary-group membership.

According to the text, what are the two major sources of inefficiency in the group process?

Organization and social loafing

Which of the following is one of the characteristics of bureaucracies according to Max Weber?

Specialization

Generally, as the size of a social group increases, __________ also increase.

Stability and regulations

Power

The ability to control the actions of others (page 141)

Rationalization

The application of economic logic to human activity; the use of formal rules and regulations in order to maximize efficiency without consideration of subjective or individual concerns (page 145)

Social influence (peer pressure)

The influence of one's fellow group members on individual attitudes and behaviors (page 137)

Authority

The legitimate right to wield power (page 141)

Compliance

The mildest type of conformity, undertaken to gain rewards or avoid punishments (page 137)

Honor killing

The murder of a family member—usually female—who is believed to have brought dishonor to her family (page 136)

Group dynamics

The patterns of interaction between groups and individuals (page 132)

Which of the following is an example of what Ritzer calls the McDonaldization of society?

The replacement of people with automated check-in machines at airports

Group cohesion

The sense of solidarity or loyalty that individuals feel toward a group to which they belong (page 135)

Internalization

The strongest type of conformity, occurring when an individual adopts the beliefs or actions of a group and makes them her own (page 138)

Social network

The web of direct and indirect ties connecting an individual to other people who may also affect the individual (page 125)

A monarchy is be an example of:

Traditional authority.

Which of the following is true about conformity?

We conform because we want to gain acceptance and avoid disapproval.

Which of the following is true concerning gender and networks?

Women who are part of networks that include more men than women are more likely to hear about good job leads.

Which of the following would be considered an example of a primary group?

Your group of close friends

Which of the following would be considered a social group, according to sociologists?

Your sociology class