Intro to Business Chapter 6-9
What was the primary flaw in Frederick Taylor's scientific management?
It assumed that all people are primarily motivated by economic means.
What is the first step in making a nonprogrammed decision?
Recognize or identify a problem or opportunity
What do telecommuting, flextime, and job sharing have in common?
They are all work scheduling options—alternatives to the traditional work week.
What is the difference between span of control and span of management?
They are synonyms
What is the name of the process used in which workers can vote out the union?
decertification
List the three types of participative leadership.
democratic, consensual, and consultative
Managerial skills fall into four basic categories. What are they?
global management, conceptual, human relations, and technical skills
What kind of power gives a supervisor the authority to make decisions?
legitimate power granted by the organization and acknowledged by employees
List the five primary sources or bases of power
legitimate, reward, coercive, expert, and referent
What type of organizational structure is well suited to small, entrepreneurial firms?
line organization
What term best describes the type of organizational structure commonly found in the military?
mechanistic
What kind of shop arrangement is supported by the right-to-work laws?
open shop
When companies like Sony offer rebates in their advertising, customers' requests for the rebates are processed by another company hired by Sony for this purpose. What is the term for this practice of hiring outside help?
outsourcing
What two types of leadership style use empowerment?
participative and laissez-faire (or free-rein) leaders
What is a contingent worker?
people who prefer temporary employment, either full-time or part-time
List the five levels of needs on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs
List the three basic types of work teams
problem-solving teams, self-managed work teams, and cross-functional teams
Which management level is typically responsible for implementing operational plans?
supervisory managers
What basic type of management is typically performed by middle managers?
tactical planning
Which law is responsible for establishing the minimum wage?
the Fair Labor Standards Act
What are the two primary sources of job applicants?
the internal and external job markets
Define organizing as a process of management.
the process of coordinating and allocating a firm's resources in order to carry out its plans
What is management?
the process of guiding the development, maintenance, and allocation of resources to attain organizational goals
What is human resources management?
the process of hiring, developing, motivating, and evaluating employees to achieve organizational goals
What is a leadership style?
the relatively consistent way that individuals in leadership positions attempt to influence the behavior of others
What type of organizational structure has no central office, no organization chart, no managerial hierarchy, and no vertical integration?
the virtual corporation
Briefly describe the span of control in an organic organization.
wide
What is another name for a free-rein leadership style?
laissez-faire
How can managers use the equity theory to improve worker satisfaction?
Contemporary Views on Motivation
What are the basic types of compensation? Give an example of each.
Direct—salary and wages. Indirect—employees benefits and services.
Briefly discuss the relationship between division of labor and specialization.
Division of labor is the process of dividing work into separate jobs. The degree to which work is divided into smaller jobs is specialization.
What famous studies occurred during the human relations era of management?
Hawthorne studies
What is the first step in the typical grievance procedure?
The employee orally presents his or her case to the union steward and the first-line supervisor.
What is the first step in the performance appraisal and planning process?
The manager must establish performance standards and expectations.
What style of manager tells people what to do, is very directive, likes to be in control, and shows little confidence in their employees?
Theory X
What style of manager assumes the average person wants to work, accept responsibilities be self-directed and self-controlled, and solve problems?
Theory Y
What is the best type of organizational structure?
There is no best organizational structure
What are global management skills?
a manager's ability to operate in diverse cultural environments
What is the management pyramid?
another name for the managerial hierarchy
What are group norms?
commonly accepted standards in the informal organization
What type of management did the executives at Dell Computer Company have to use when the media revealed that the batteries in the Dell portable computers were likely to catch on fire?
crisis management
What four management trends are identified as having the greatest impact on how companies will be operated in the near future?
education and training, employee ownership, work-life benefits, nurturing knowledge workers
What is another name for employee empowerment?
employee involvement or participative management
What is the name of the motivational theory that assumes the probability of an individual acting in a particular way depends on the strength of that individual's belief that the act will have a particular outcome and on whether the individual values that outcome?
expectancy theory
What are the five basic types of departmentalization?
functional, product, geographic, customer, and process
Which motivational theory relies on feedback to identify the gap between the real and the ideal desired performance?
goal-setting theory
What are gain-sharing plans?
incentive programs based on group productivity
List the three basic categories of managerial roles.
informational, decisional, and interpersonal
What is the first step in the employee selection process?
initial screening
What is the first step in human resource (HR) planning?
job analysis and design
What two documents do human resource planners use to find the right people for the right job?
job description and job specification
What are managers doing when they horizontally expand a job to increase the number and variety of jobs an employee performs?
job enlargement
What are managers doing when they vertically expand an employee's job?
job enrichment
What is the other names for Herzberg's job satisfiers and job dissatisfiers?
job satisfiers-motivating factors; job dissatisfiers-hygiene factors
What is job rotation?
reassignment of workers to several different jobs over time so that they can learn the basics of each job
Briefly define accountability.
responsibility for outcome
What is the term used for a union strategy of shutting down a plant that supplies parts to other parts rather than a general strike against the entire company?
selective strike strategy
What is the first step in the control process?
setting performance standards (goals)
Mia Little is a safety engineer for a company that makes petrochemicals. What kind of a position does she have in the company since she is not directly involved in the process of making any chemicals?
staff position
At its simplest level, an organization engaged in reengineering is doing what?
starting over
List the four basic types of planning.
strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency