Intro to Clinical Psych Ch 7
A test that is supposed to measure overall intelligence includes only mathematical questions. This test clearly lacks __________ validity. a. content b. discriminant c. predictive d. concurrent
A
Charlotte is attending a school that not only focuses on the three Rs (reading, writing, and arithmetic), but also instructs students with regard to music, language, spatial ability, bodily movement, self-knowledge, the understanding of others, and the understanding of nature. It sounds as if this school is based on whose theory of intelligence? a. Gardner b. Guilford c. Sternberg d. Cattell
A
Dr. Vorst has created a new intelligence test, and the research conducted to date suggests that the items on the test are highly intercorrelated (i.e., they are measuring the same thing). Another way to say this is that Dr. Vorst's test has high __________ reliability. a. internal consistency b. item-quotient c. interrater d. test-retest
A
Guilford argued that intelligence could be organized into three dimensions: __________. a. operations, contents, and products b. verbal, nonverbal, and performance c. componential, experiential, and contextual d. verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, and speed of processing
A
IQ scores tend to be more stable over time for __________ than for __________. a. adults; children b. children; adults c. males; females d. females; males
A
If an intelligence test administered to 4th graders correlates strongly with their 4th grade teachers' estimates of their intelligence, it can be concluded that the test has high __________ validity. a. concurrent b. predictive c. construct d. none of the above
A
Reliability and validity data obtained for the Stanford-Binet 5th Edition suggest that it is generally a. reliable and valid. b. reliable but invalid. c. valid but unreliable. d. neither reliable nor valid.
A
The internal consistency of an intelligence test is measured by calculating a. split-half reliability. b. interrater reliability. c. test-retest reliability. d. discriminant reliability.
A
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the assessment of reliability? a. Equivalent forms reliability is used to avoid the problems with test-retest reliability. b. Equivalent forms reliability is used to avoid the problems with split-half reliability. c. Test-retest reliability is used to avoid the problems with equivalent forms reliability. d. Test-retest reliability is used to avoid the problems with split-half reliability.
A
Which of the following was developed first? a. the original Stanford-Binet test b. the original Wechsler test for adults c. the original Wechsler test for children d. the original Wechsler memory test
A
__________ is a WAIS-IV subtest that measures short-term memory and attention. a. Digit Span b. Symbol Search c. Similarities d. Comprehension
A
__________ is a measure of what one has already learned. a. Achievement b. Ability c. Adeptness d. Aptitude
A
Erika is referred for IQ testing, and she performs exceptionally well on the Arithmetic, Digit Span, and Letter-Number Sequencing subtests. Based on this information alone, we could assert that Erika has a relative strength with regard to a. mathematical ability. b. working memory. c. processing speed. d. none of the above
B
IQ scores have the weakest correlation with which of the following? a. occupational status as defined by income b. success after gaining entry to a profession c. grades in school d. occupational status as defined by social prestige
B
If an intelligence test administered to 6th graders correlates strongly with the high school GPAs of these students, it can be concluded that the test has high __________ validity. a. concurrent b. predictive c. construct d. none of the above
B
In general, the __________ of an intelligence test is the extent to which it measures what it is supposed to measure. a. utility b. validity c. reliability d. significance
B
Initial factor analyses on the WISC-IV suggest that the WISC-IV has a __________-factor structure. a. two b. four c. eight d. sixteen
B
Joel has high innate intellectual ability; his brother James is more "book smart," excelling at school. Using the terms from Cattell's theory of intelligence, we would say that Joel has __________ and James has __________. a. high crystallized intelligence; high fluid intelligence b. high fluid intelligence; high crystallized intelligence c. low crystallized intelligence; low fluid intelligence d. low fluid intelligence; low crystallized intelligence
B
On the WAIS-IV, the average IQ score is a. 50. b. 100. c. 150. d. none of the above
B
The Index Scores of the WAIS-IV, representing the major ability factors that underlie the subtest scores, are a. Comprehension, Picture Completion, Letter-Number Sequencing, and Cancellation. b. Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning, Working Memory, and Processing Speed. c. Verbal Processing Speed and Nonverbal Processing Speed. d. Verbal and Performance.
B
The consistency of scores across two alternative versions of a test is labeled a. test-retest reliability. b. equivalent forms reliability. c. split-half reliability. d. interrater reliability.
B
The correlation between IQ scores and grades in school is approximately a. .85. b. .50. c. 0. d. -.25.
B
What is meant by the term "the Flynn effect"? a. the observation that the average IQ of successive generations is declining b. the observation that the average IQ of successive generations is increasing c. the observation that people's verbal intelligence is increasing, while their spatial intelligence is decreasing d. the observation that people's spatial intelligence is increasing, while their verbal intelligence is decreasing
B
With regard to psychological tests, reliability is most synonymous with a. cultural sensitivity. b. consistency. c. accuracy. d. validity.
B
A clinical psychologist assessing the intelligence of an 8-year-old client with a Wechsler test should use the a. WAIS-IV. b. WMS-IV. c. WISC-IV. d. WPPSI-III.
C
A person whose lowest WAIS-IV subtest scores are Picture Completion, Block Design, and Matrix Reasoning most clearly has a relative weakness in a. long-term memory. b. verbal comprehension. c. perceptual reasoning. d. mathematical ability.
C
ALL BUT WHICH of the following is an accurate statement regarding the influence of genes and environment on intelligence? a. When the environment is similar for everyone, observed differences in intelligence are more accountable to genetic factors. b. Even strongly genetically determined traits, like intelligence, can be influenced by environmental factors. c. To date, psychosocial interventions have been very effective in improving IQ scores. d. The heritability of intelligence does not appear to be stable across the life span.
C
According to Spearman, "g" a. does not exist. b. stands for "good" overall intelligence, which roughly translates to scores that are above average. c. represents general intelligence. d. is one of the seven primary types of intelligence.
C
By the 1960s, many individuals and groups were criticizing intelligence tests for what reason? a. They believed the tests were too easy, and were producing inflated scores. b. They believed that measuring intelligence was not a worthwhile pursuit. c. They believed that some test items were unfair and discriminated against certain groups. d. They believe that the tests were measuring talent, rather than intelligence per se.
C
Dr. Richards has developed the Wide-Range Intelligence Test (WRIT). All but which of the following would suggest that this instrument has good validity? a. Scores on the WRIT during junior high are strongly correlated with high school rank years later. b. Scores on the WRIT are not correlated with current measures of self-esteem. c. Scores on the WRIT correlate negatively with current measures of extraversion. d. The WRIT contains items that tap into all of the recognized domains of intelligence.
C
In evaluating the reliability of an intelligence test, Dr. Xavier computes __________, which is the average of all possible __________ correlations for the test. a. Pearson's r; split-half b. Cronbach's alpha; significant c. Cronbach's alpha; split-half d. Pearson's r; significant
C
In the most recent edition of the Stanford-Binet intelligence test, the examinee's starting point for the subtests is determined by a. the examinee's grade level. b. the examinee's average school performance, across subjects. c. the examinee's scores on subtests of verbal and nonverbal ability. d. the examinee's age.
C
Most studies comparing the overall intelligence of males and females conclude that a. males are significantly more intelligent, overall. b. females are significantly more intelligent, overall. c. no significant differences exist in overall intelligence. d. no significant differences exist in either overall or specific intellectual abilities.
C
Petunia is 54; her daughter Daisy is 32; and her granddaughter Rose is 4. For which of these individuals is intelligence most heavily influenced by environmental factors? a. Petunia b. Daisy c. Rose d. The intelligence of all three is equally influenced by environmental factors.
C
Recent estimates of the percentage of IQ variance associated with genetic factors range from approximately __________%. a. 10-30 b. 0-5 c. 50-80 d. 85-100
C
The WAIS-IV consists of __________ subtests. a. 3 b. 8 c. 15 d. 24
C
The ratio IQ equals __________ times 100. a. mental age b. mental age minus chronological age c. mental age divided by chronological age d. chronological age divided by mental age
C
ALL BUT WHICH of the following circumstances would suggest a significant genetic influence in the appearance of a characteristic like intelligence? a. A twin study finds higher concordance rates for MZ twin pairs than for DZ twin pairs. b. A twin study finds similar concordance rates for MZ twins reared together and MZ twins reared apart. c. A twin study finds similar concordance rates for DZ twins reared together and DZ twins reared apart. d. All of the above suggest a significant genetic influence.
D
In 1994, Hernstein and Murray published a controversial book called The Bell Curve. Why was this book so controversial? a. The authors questioned the effectiveness of Head Start programs for disadvantaged youth. b. The authors recommended an overhaul of affirmative action policies. c. The authors argued that intelligence is the most important predictor of many positive and negative outcomes. d. all of the above
D
In comparison to traditional approaches, recent approaches to the definition of intelligence have emphasized a. strategies of processing. b. speed of processing. c. culture-dependent learning. d. more than one of the above
D
In real clinical settings, intelligence tests are frequently used to a. estimate overall intelligence. b. predict academic success. c. appraise learning/problem-solving style. d. all of the above
D
Randall has been referred for IQ testing, and on the basis of his performance, the examiner determines that he has a full-scale IQ of 104. Which of the following is a safe assertion to make on this basis alone? a. Randall possesses roughly average verbal comprehension skills. b. Randall possesses roughly average perceptual reasoning skills. c. both of the above d. neither of the above
D
The Mismeasure of Man is a critique of a. early "mental ability" tests written by Alfred Binet. b. Binet's approach to intelligence testing written by David Wechsler. c. the intelligence testing of females written by Gloria Steinem. d. intelligence testing written by Stephen J. Gould.
D
The concept of deviation IQ scores a. was introduced by Wechsler. b. assumes that intelligence is normally distributed throughout the population. c. was introduced to address the fact that ratio IQ declines with age, even when mental abilities remain stable. d. all of the above
D
The definition of intelligence that has been universally accepted a. equates intelligence with the ability to adapt to the environment. b. equates intelligence with the ability to learn, or "educability." c. equates intelligence with the ability to think abstractly or symbolically. d. does not yet exist.
D
The most recent edition of the Stanford-Binet intelligence test was published in the a. 1970s. b. 1980s. c. 1990s. d. 2000s.
D
What is the purpose of the reversal items on the WAIS-IV? a. They assess examinees' ability to "undo" various mathematical operations in their heads. b. They assess the speed with which examinees are able to break physical objects down into their component parts. c. both of the above d. They reduce the number of items examinees must complete that are well below their ability levels.
D
Which of the following statements is NOT accurate based on behavior genetics studies of intelligence? a. In general, the more closely related two biological relatives, the more similar their levels of intelligence. b. In general, the intelligence of biological relatives reared together is more similar than the intelligence of biological relatives reared apart. c. In general, the intelligence of nonbiological relatives reared together is more similar than the intelligence of nonbiological relatives reared apart. d. In general, identical twins reared together are perfectly concordant for intelligence.
D
Which of the following statements is true? a. Hispanic Americans tend to obtain significantly lower IQ scores than White Americans. b. African Americans tend to obtain significantly lower IQ scores than White Americans. c. After puberty, males tend to score significantly higher than women on tests of quantitative ability. d. all of the above
D
Which of the following statements regarding WAIS-IV subtests is FALSE? a. The Vocabulary subtest contributes to the Verbal Comprehension Index Score. b. The Coding subtest contributes to the Processing Speed Index Score c. The Matrix Reasoning subtest contributes to the Perceptual Reasoning Index Score. d. none of the above
D