Intro to Construction

Two Major Contract Documents

1. Drawings (Plans) 2. Project Manual (Specifications)

Final Completion

1.Accomplished after all remaining contract requirements are met. 2.Final paperwork and documentation. 3.Receive retainage.

Bidding Documents

1.Advertising to bidders 2.Instruction to bidders 3.Agreement form

Players Involved in Production of Project Drawings

1.Architect 2.Civil Engineer 3.Structural Engineer

Architect's Primary Duties

1.Assisting the owner in developing the facility program and determining end user needs and requirements. 2.Advising the owner regarding the image and character of the facility and establishing broad design goals. 3.Assisting the owner in selecting products to fits the program and the budget. 4.Advising the owner on special and aesthetic issues and generating graphic solutions to problems. 5.Developing the final building plans, construction details, and specifications.

Association of the Construction Industry

1.Associated General Contractors (AGC) 2.Associated Builders and Contractors (ABC) 3.National Association of Home Builders (NAHB)

Items that would deem a bid nonresponsive

1.Bid Bond 2.Certificates of insurance 3.Subcontractor lists

The Four Primary Sections found in the Project Manual

1.Bidding Documents 2.General Conditions 3.Supplemental Conditions 4.Technical Specifications

Primary Sectors of the Construction Industry

1.Commercial Building 2.Heavy Civil Construction 3.Industrial Construction

Three Types of Estimates

1.Conceptual 2.Preliminary 3.Detailed

The Three Legged Stool of Construction

1.Cost 2.Time 3.Quality

Types of Project Delivery

1.Design-Bid-Build 2. Construction Management 3.Design-Build

Owner's Primary Duties

1.Develop the program and outline the needs and requirements of the end users. 2.Determine the quantity, extent, and character of the project by defining the scope of work. 3.Create and overall budget for the project. 4.Providing the funding for the project and making periodic payments to the designers and contractors.

Critical Path Formulas

1.Early start+Duration=Early finish 2.Late finish-Duration=Late start 3.Total Float=Late finish-Early finish or Late start-Early start

Two most Common Types of Construction Schedules

1.Gnatt Charts 2.Network Diagrams

Contractor's Primary Duties

1.Interpret the plans and specifications and prepare cost estimates and time schedules to meet the requirements of the owner. 2.Determine and implement the best construction practices, means, and methods to satisfy the owner's requirements for the time, cost, and quality. 3.Oversee and manage all of the construction operations into a single, safe coordinated effort.

Common Factors when deciding to bid

1.Location of the Project 2.Size of the job 3.Who the architect/owner

Technical Specifications

1.Material quality 2.Standards of worksmanship 3.Methods of installation

Three Options to Resolve Issues

1.Mediation 2.Arbitration 3.Mini-trial

Three Principle Players in any Construction Industry

1.Owners - Driving force behind the Construction Industry. 2.Architects - Licensed Professionals trained in the art and science of building design. 3.Contractors - Enters into a contract with the owner to deliver the construction project in accordance with the plans specifications that have been prepared by the architects and engineers.

Functions of Construction Management

1.Planning the project 2.Scheduling the project 3.Estimating the project

Four Fundamental Stages of Construction Management Process

1.Pre-Construction 2.Procurement 3.Construction 4.Post Construction

Four Design Process Stages

1.Programming and feasibility 2.Schematic design 3.Design development 4.Contract documents

Substantial Completion

1.Punch list completed. 2.Architect determines facility can be utilized for intended purpose. 3.Marks the official end of project and establishes beginning of warranty period. 4.All payments due to contractor are released.

Three Concerns with Estimates

1.Quantities 2.Pricing 3.Productivity

Two Key Process Tools used to Track Inquires, Decisions, and Approvals that occur during the Construction Phase

1.R.F.I.'s 2.Submittals and shop drawings

Mobilization Stage

1.Set up field office 2.Secure site 3.Provide and place portable toilets

Supplementary Conditions

1.Soil testing information 2.Job signage requirements 3.Phasing requirements

Two Procurement Instruments

1.Sub-contracts 2.Purchase orders

The Two Steps that Define the end of a Project

1.Substantial Completion 2.Final Completion

Milestones

1.Substantial completion 2.Final completion 3.Certificate of occupancy

Members of on-site Management Team

1.Superintendent 2.Assistant superintendent 3.Project engineer

Three Fundemental Stages for Precedence Diagram Process

1.The Planning Stage 2.The Sequencing Stage 3.The Scheduling Stage

Final Documentations to the Owner

1.Warranties 2.Operation Manuals 3.Inspection and testing reports 4.As-built drawings

Conceptual Estimate

A ballpark estimate can be done when you are in the idea or concept stage of a project.

Detail Drawing

A drawing that takes precedence if a discrepancy occurs in the plans.

Retainage

A portion of the agreed upon contract price deliberately withheld until the work is substantially complete to assure that contractor or subcontractor will satisfy its obligations and complete a construction project.

Preliminary Estimate

A set of drawings with overall dimensions, you can move to the next level of estimating.

Implied Warrenty

A warranty of fitness for a particular purpose.

Work Breakdown Structure

An organizational tool utilized by the construction estimator to create the basic building blocks of both the estimate and schedule.

Weighted criteria evaluation process

Award the project based on high total point for qualitative and price components

Project Engineer

Chief engineer on the project, the position includes responsibilities ranging from developing bid packages to managing project schedules.

Leone Battista Alberti

Considered by many to be the precursor to the modern-day architect.

Direct Costs Definition

Costs that actually go into building the facility such as materials, labor, equipment, and subcontractors.

Liquidated Damages

Damages that contractors pay on a per diem basis if a project is not completed on time and an owner is able to prove a financial loss due to a delay.

Drawings (Plans)

Define quality of work.

Project Manual (Specifications)

Define the quantity of work.

Field Engineer

Entry-level position and is responsible for project layout and dimensional accuracy of the project, interpretation of the project plans and specifications, communicate with craftspeople and subcontractors, job wide safety, and tracking and reporting of daily job production.

Office Engineer

Entry-level position, this person acts as the chief assistant to the project engineer and is support for the field.

Indirect Costs Definition

Expenses incurred in order to manage and deliver the materials, equipment, labor, and subcontractors employed on any job.

Civil Drawings

First of drawings to come in a set of plans.

Blue Lines

Hand-drafted plans are reproduced

Scope Sheet

Identifies all of the items of work to be performed under a specific trade

Estimate General Conditions

Indirect costs incurred to construct a project and run a job

Labor Hours Using Productivity Factor

Installation square footage multiplied by productivity rate per square footage multiplied by productivity factor.

L.E.E.D.

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

Most Common contract on Construction Projects

Lump sum

Punch Lists

Manages and keeps track of the completion of all loose ends, minor repairs, and adjustments at the end of the job.

Low Bid Selection

Most common bid selection criteria

Unit-Priced

Most common contract on highway construction projects

Contract Administration Software

Most effective tool for tracking contract and project interactions.

Code of Hammurabi

Name of stone carvings dating back to the pyramids that contained the first written regulations pertaining to construction, commonly referred to as the first building code.

Shortlisting

Narrowing the field of offer through the selection of the most qualified proposers on the basis of qualifications

Lean Construction

Philosophy that focuses on creating more value for customers with less work and the elimination of waste in the building process.

R.F.I.

Procedure is used in the construction industry in cases where it is necessary to confirm the interpretation of a detail, specification or note on the construction drawings or to secure a documented directive or clarification from the architect or client that is needed to continue work.

Labor Hours Formula

Productivity Rate divided by single labor (per door, window, etc.) multiplied by installed amount of labor (doors, windows, etc.)

Open Bidding

Required on public projects because they are funded by taxpayers dollars.

Submittal

Required primarily for the architect and engineer to verify that the correct products, samples, material data, and quantities will be installed on the project.

Project Scope

Sets the parameters for the work and defines what work needs to be done

Varience

The cost or time difference between the actual project performance and the planned project performance is the definition.

Manufacturing Industry

The industry that the lean concept stems from

Schedule of Values

The name of the document that establishes the template for measuring work progress as it relates to requests for payment.

Notice to Proceed

The name of the official document that notifies the contractor to start construction.

Associated Schools of Construction (ASC)

The organization credited with promoting construction management as a legitimate and unique are of study at four-year universities.

Project Delivery Definition

The process by which all the procedures and components of designing and building a facility are organized and put together in an agreement that results in a completed project.

"Due Diligence"

The process of identifying any problems associated with the project early to be factored into decision

Housing Starts

The specific measurement that construction is used as an economic indicator for the U.S. economy.

Prequalification

The tool used to reduce the number of bidders on a public project and to increase the quality of the contractor pool.

Labor and Materials Payment Bond

The type of bond that guarantees that the payment for the contractor's labor and materials used on the project will be made.

Engineering News Record (ENR)

The weekly magazine dedicated solely to the Construction Industry.

Lead Estimator

This position can be in charge of bidding small/medium projects, survey and pricing of self-performed work, and manage others to put together an accurate bid.

Project Superintendent

This position is the company's jobsite representative with the responsibility and authority for daily coordination and direction of the project so that it is safe, within budget, on schedule, etc..

Value-Engineering

This process optimizes resources to achieve the greatest value for the money being spent.

American Institute of Construction (AIC) and Construction Management Association of America (CMAA)

Two construction associations that offer voluntary certification programs for construction managers.

Shop Drawing

Typically required for prefabricated components.

Romans

Used the first form of concrete

Detailed Estimate

When you have a complete set of drawings and specifications, you should do a detailed estimate.

Productivity Rate Formula

labor Hours divided by labor (doors, windows, etc.)