Intro to Criminal Justice

What are four modern sentencing options and what circumstances might it be appropriate?

Fines, Probation, Imprisonment, and Death Penalty (Capital Punishment) Literally just list offenses that you would use each of these.

What are the major similarities and differences between the juvenile and adult systems?

1. Reduced concern with legal issues of guilt or innocence 2. Treatment rather than punishment 3. Privacy and protection from public scrutiny 4. Social science before punishment 5. No long term confinement 6. Separate facilities 7. Broad discretionary alternatives

Describe the five goals of contemporary criminal sentencing.

1. Retribution-revenge 2. Incapacitation- imprisonment 3. Deterrence- inhibit criminal behavior through the fear of punishment 4. Rehabilitation- reform a criminal offender 5. Restoration- attempts to make the victim "whole again" by sentencing the offender

Name and describe significant court cases that have had an impact on the practices of probation and parole.

1. Samson v. California (2006) 2. US v. Knights (2001) 3. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole v. Scott (1998) 4. Griffin v. Wisconsin (1987) 5. Minnesota v. Murphy (1984) 6. Bearden v. Georgia (1983) 7. Greenholtz v. Nebraska Penal Inmates (1979) 8. Gagnon v. Scarpelli (1973) 9. Morrissey v. Brewer (1972) 10.Memo v. Rhay (1967) 11. Esche v. Zerbst (1935)

What role do jails play in American corrections?

Arraignment, Trial, Conviction, and Sentencing Readmitting probation, parol, or bail bond violators Detainment Witness Protective Custody Release of Convicts Transferring Housing due to overcrowding Holding Inmates

Name the important USSC decisions of relevance to juvenile justice. What was the impact of each of these decisions on juvenile justice in America.

Essentials of due process-USSCstarted reviewing delinquency hearing Right to council Right to confront and cross examine witness Life without parole 17 and violated the 8th Amendment

Pennsylvania v. Scott

Exclusionary rule does not apply searches by parole officers

Minnesota v. Murphy

Incriminating words can be used against the probationer if they don't claim a right against self incrimination

What causes prison riots and how might riots be prevented?

Insensitive administration and neglect of inmates' demands Previous lifestyle of most inmates Dehumanizing prison conditions Redistribution of power among inmates Change in prison administration You cannot meet all of these "needs" of the prisoners but you can try to meet most of these. The one that can not be taken care of by admin. is the change of of power among inmates.

How are probation and parole changing?

There have been changes in reentry They have education and job training Mentoring programs Drug treatment Supportive programming for children of incarcerated parents Early release for elderly prisoners

What are some of the issues that jail administrators currently face

Overcrowding Budget

What is a presentense investigation?

PSI- The examination of a convicted offender's background prior to sentencing. generally conducted by probation or parole officers and are submitted to sentencing authorities.

Griffin v. Wisconsin

Probation officers may conduct searches without a search warrant

What are the special needs and concerns of inmate mothers?

Separation from their children is hard. It is not only hard on the mother but on the child as well. This can cause stability issues for the child.

What are the special problems facing female inmates?

Sexual victimization They are mothers (pregnancy, already have children)

How are pre sentence reports used?

Some states require PSI's only for felony cases Some require them for defendants face 6+ months of incarceration and others have no requirements beyond those ordered by the judge

Which of these goals do you think ought to be the primary goal of sentencing? How might your choice vary with the type of offense? In what circumstances might your choice be less acceptable?

These are opinion based questions. So give your ****ing opinion and support that shit.

What is prison subculture and how do they influence prison life?

They are the values and behavioral patterns characteristics of prison inmates. They are a reflection of general criminal values meaning that new inmates will have to conform to the code. (e.g. men form clicks and women try to form a family foundation)

How do PSI's contribute to the contents of pre-sentence reports?

They give color commentary on who the offender is and what he has done and if he or she is someone we can rehabilitate

How do subcultures develop and what purpose do they serve?

They have developed these subcultures because of the things that they are deprived of such as liberty. goods and services. heterosexual relationships, autonomy, and personal security. it produces a hierarchy within the prison.

Samson v. California

Warrantless search can be conducted for no reason other than the person is on parole

US v. Knights

Warrantless search reserved for parole and probation officers extends to police officers when supposed by reasonable suspension and the person is on probation

How does the American approach to corrections differ today from the recent past? What has been the source of such change?

We have the most people in state and federal prisons than we have ever had. America went from nothing works to the justice model which is LEOs getting tough on crime. The get tough on crime has sent more people to prison than ever before