Intro To Education Exam #1

Due Process

The procedural requirements that must be followed in such areas as student and teacher discipline and placement in special-education programs

Enculturation

The process of acquiring a culture; a child's acquisition of the cultural heritage through both formal and informal educational means

Least-restrictive Environment

The program best suited to meeting a disabled student's special needs without segregating the student from the regular educational program

Procedural Due Process

The right of children with disabilities and their parents to be notified of school actions and decisions; to challenge those decisions before an impartial tribunal, using counsel and expert witnesses; to examine the school records on which a decision is based; and to appeal whatever decision is reached

Pedagogy

The science of teaching

Board-Certification

Recognition of advanced teaching competence, awarded to teachers who demonstrate high levels of knowledge, commitment, and professionalism through a competitive review process administered by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards

Race

A group of individuals sharing common genetic attributes, physical appearance, and ancestry

Affective Domain

The area of learning that involves attitudes, values, and emotions

Collective Bargaining

A negotiating procedure between employer and employees for resolving disagreements on salaries, work schedules, and other conditions of employment

Cognitive Domain

The area of learning that involves knowledge, information, and intellectual skills

Transitional Approach

A bilingual education program in which students are taught for a limited time in their own language as well as English. The goal is to move students into English only speaking classrooms

Dual-Language Instruction

A bilingual model that emphasizes the importance of acquiring English while maintaining competence in the native language

Maintenance Approach

A bilingual model that emphasizes the importance of acquiring English while maintaining competence in the native language

Generalization

A broad statement about a group that offers information, clues, and insights that can help you as a teacher plan for effectively

Merit Pay

A salary system that bases a teacher's pay on performance

Culture

A set of learned beliefs, values and behaviors; a way of life shared my members of society

Tenure

A system of employment in which teachers having served a probationary period, acquire an expectancy of continued employment

Deficit Theory

A theory that asserts that the values, language patterns, and behaviors that children from certain racial and ethnic groups bring to school put them at an educational disadvantage

Normal School

A two year teacher education institution popular in the 19 century, many of which were expanded to become today's state colleges and universities

10%

About what percentage of current enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools is made up of ELL students?

Stereotypes

Absolute statements applied to all members of a group, suggesting that members of a group have a fixed, often inherited set of characteristics

Cultural Pluralism

Acceptance and encouragement of cultural diversity

ESL

An immersion approach to bilingual education that removes students from the regular classroom to provide instruction in English

Appropriate Education

As part of Public Law 94-143, the principle protects the right of students with disabilities to an education that reflects an accurate diagnosis

Nondiscriminatory Education

Based on the 5th and 14th amendments of the U.S. Constitution, this mandates that children with disabilities be fairly assessed so that they can be protected from inappropriate classification and tracking

Zero Reject

The principle that no child with disabilities may be denied a free and appropriate public education

Lau v. Nichols

Class action lawsuit centered around Kinney Lau and 1,800 other Chinese students from the San Francisco area who were failing their English courses because they could not understand English

Additive Approach

Content, Concepts, Themes, and perspectives are added to the curriculum without changing its structure

Adaptive (Assistive) Technology

Devices that help the disabled to perform and learn more effectively, from voice activated keyboards and mechanical wheelchairs to laptops for class notetaking and personal scheduling

Bilingual Education

Educational programs in which students of limited or no English-speaking ability attend classes taught in English as well as their native language

Prepared, Positive, and High Expectations

First 3 Characteristics of the 12 Characteristics of an Effective Teacher

Rev. Samuel Hall

He was known as the "Father of Hands On Learning" In 1823 he established a normal school in Concord, Vermont

Two-thirds of teachers feel that they are well prepared for their profession and better prepared for classroom challenges

How do most teachers feel about their working conditions?

Most

How many teachers say they would choose to enter the teaching profession again?

Logical-Mathematical, Linguistic, Bodily Kinesthetic, Musical, Spatial, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, and Natuarlist

Howard Gardner's 8 Multiple Intelligences

Horace Mann

In 1839 he established the first state supported normal school in Lexington, Massachusetts

Locus of Control

Learners may attribute success or failure to external or internal factors

Public Law 94-142

Passed in 1975 this was the first law to require schools to provide free and appropriate public education to every child with special needs

Multiracial

People whose ancestry consists of more than one race

Emotional Intelligence Quotient

Personality characteristics, such as persistence, can be measured as part of a new human dimension referred to as EQ

Ethnicity

Shared common cultural traits such as language, religion, and dress

Learning Styles

Students learn in different ways and have different preferences, ranging from preferred light and noise levels to independent or group learning formats

13%

Students with special needs represent what % of the school population?

Mainstreaming

The inclusion of special education students in the regular education program

Learning disability

The largest population of special needs children are students identified as having what?

IEP

The mechanism through which a disabled child's special needs are identified, objectives and services are described, and evaluation is designed

Inclusion

The practice of educating and integrating children with disabilities into regular classroom settings

Cultural Difference Theory

Theory asserts that academic problems can be overcome if educators study and mediate the cultural gap separating school and home

Expectation Theory

Theory holds that a student's academic performance can be improved if a teacher's attitudes and beliefs about that student's academic potential are modified

Language Submersion

This bilingual education model teaches students in classes where only English is spoken; Sink or Swim approach

Digital Divide

Used to describe the technological gap between the "haves" and the "have-nots"

They encourage schools to provide special needs services within the regular classroom and close collaboration between classroom teachers and special educators

What do proponents of the regular education initiative believe about children with special needs?

Mainstreaming is a type of inclusion. Mainstreaming focuses on the needs of the child. Inclusion is the "practice of"

What is the difference between mainstreaming and inclusion?

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What issues does the public believe should be central to teacher education?

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What percent would you need to raise the salary of teachers to match other professions?