intro to mis final
According to Passman, the minimum weekly cost for putting a 4-piece band on the road is ...
$10,000
what is the usual pay per episode for TV music supervisors?
$20,000-$50,000
what is the usual fee range for original TV theme music, including music + lyrics + recording?
$30,000-$60,000
what are typical composer fees for scores?
$50,000-$1mil
The music budget for major studio films is typically?
$500,000-$1mil
how does the controlled composition clause limit how much is paid per album?
10 songs maximum
Recording artists' royalties for cuts included on soundtrack albums are typically what % of retail?
12-14%, pro-rated by the number of tracks on the album
what was the copyright duration starting in 1790?
14 years with an option for 14 years renewal
what % of total music publishing revenue is mechanical licensing?
18-20%
For single-song sheet music, the standard publisher royalty is ...
20% of retail
what % of total music publishing revenue is sync licensing?
25% (but can be a lot more)
what was the copyright duration starting in 1909?
28 years with an option for 28 years renewal
how does the controlled composition clause limit how much is paid per song?
3/4 of the statutory rate
A typical artist royalty for tour merchandise is ...
30-40% of gross sales
What partnership did Variety call "the Platonic ideal on which so many of today's branding deals seem to be modeled"?
50 Cent with Vitamin Water
in a traditional publishing deal, what % do the publisher and writer own?
50% each
how does SoundExchange divide royalties?
50/50 between record labels & recording artists
For Guarantee vs. % of Net Profits deals, the artist's percentage is typically ...
85-90%
The current per-song mechanical royalty rate is ...
9.1c, or $1.75 per minute for songs over 5 minutes
what happens in a promoter profit/split point deal?
A set, agreed upon amount of money is set aside as the promoter's profit and counted as an expense.
The first Performance Rights Organization (PRO) was ...
ASCAP
Which company launched both the "Rubber Tracks" recording studio and the "Made By You" media campaign ... ?
Converse
What rapper launched "Virginia Black Decadent American Whiskey" in May 2016?
Drake
what does the rider cover?
Free tickets/Guest List/Merchandise deal/Consequences of cancellation or bad weather Catering/hospitality
who collects mechanical royalties?
Harry Fox Agency (mostly)
The controlled composition clause is a way for record companies to ...
Limit the amount they pay in mechanical royalties
who determines the cost for a performance license?
PROs
who collects performance royalties?
PROs (ASCAP, BMI, SESAC)
The compulsory mechanical license applies to ...
Songs that have been previously recorded and distributed publicly
According to Pollstar, who was the #1 touring artist of 2015, in both North America and the World?
Taylor Swift
The photographer who took the lovely picture of you that you want to use on your merchandise usually gets ...
a flat fee
in the new tour model, what are records considered?
a marketing expense to promote shows
in the old tour model, what were tours considered?
a marketing expense to sell records
what is a work for hire?
a work created by an employee within the scope of their employment or a work commissioned with a one-time written commission agreement
Film scores are usually composed when?
after the film is complete
who pays sync royalties?
any producer of audio-visual media (music supervisors)
who must digital samples be licensed from?
both the master recording copyright holder and the song copyright holder
what does SoundExchange do?
collect digital performance royalties
where does income from movie music come from today?
commission fees, sync licenses, performance royalties (from TV showings and foreign theatrical showings), royalties from soundtrack albums
Most TV music composition deals are for ...
complete packaging including recording
A "package deal" or "all-inclusive" deal means the composer is responsible for...
composing, orchestrating, and recording the score
copyright law seeks to strike a balance between...
creators' incentive to create & the public
what are the 5 exclusive rights of copyrights
distribution, reproduction, adaptation, public performance, public display
what are promoters?
entrepreneurs who take the full risk of putting on a concert
what does the tour manager handle?
expenses, settlement, cash, and collecting receipts on the road
To copyright your work, you must ...
fix it in a "tangible form"
what do songwriters get in a song written for film?
flat fee, writer's share of performance and mechanical royalties, sometimes kickers
what are the types of concert deals?
flat guarantee, guarantee vs. % of gate, guarantee vs. % of net profits
(in touring) net profit =
gross receipts - promoter expenses
in a co-publishing deal, who own the copyright?
jointly owned
what was the copyright duration starting in 1976?
life + 50 years
what is the current copyright duration (starting in 1998)?
life + 70 years
Handling the licensing of pre-existing songs is usually the job of the...
music supervisor
do recording artists have termination rights for their master recordings?
no
in an administration deal, does the publisher "work" the songs?
no
is copyright a permanent right?
no
is there a compulsory performance license?
no - prices are pretty standard
is there a compulsory sync license?
no - the fees must be negotiated
The main prerequisite for a work to be copyrightable is that it has to be original. Originality is defined ...
on a case-by-case basis
where is the copyright notice (c) required?
on visual material only
Do video games pay a music royalty per copy sold?
only for music-based games
what does a performance license let you do?
perform copyrighted songs publicly (either live or broadcast)
in a co-publishing deal, what % do the publisher and writer own?
publisher: 25%, writer: 75%
in an administration deal, what % do the publisher and writer own?
publisher: ~10%, writer: ~90%
who collects sync royalties?
publishers
who ultimately gets mechanical royalties?
publishers (who then give a % to the writers)
who ultimately gets sync royalties?
publishers who then pay writers their %
4 factors for determining fair use
purpose and character of the use, nature of the copyrighted work, amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole, the effect of the use upon the potential value of the copyrighted work
what does a mechanical license let you do?
record and distribute a copyrighted song that has already been released to the public
When writing songs for a film, do writers get a % of the publishing?
sometimes
what are controlled songs?
songs (compositions) owned by the recording artists
who ultimately gets performance royalties?
songwriters & publishers, 50% each
does fair use cover parodies?
technically yes, but may involve legal battle
the basis of copyright law in the US comes from...
the Constitution
who determines the cost for a mechanical license?
the Copyright Royalty Board sets the statutory rate
Whose job is it to negotiate hall fees for merchandise?
the booking agent
The publisher typically controls songs written during the term for how long?
the life of the copyright
what determines the cost for a sync license?
the market
in a traditional publishing deal, who owns the copyright?
the publisher
The master recording for a pre-existing song used in a film must usually be licensed from ...
the record company
who pays mechanical royalties?
the record company
what are the 3 kinds of motion picture music?
the score, a song written for the film, a pre-existing (licensed) song
who pays performance royalties?
the venue or radio station buys blanket licenses
in an administration deal, who owns the copyright?
the writer
when touring, what does the business manager handle?
tour budgeting, accounting, payroll, and tax issues
true or false, songs written for films are almost always commissioned as works for hire.
true
how much are sync fees for a pre-existing song used in a film?
typically $15,000-$75,000
what does a sync license let you do?
use a copyrighted song in timed synchronization with visual material
when was SoundExchange formed?
with Congress's passage of the 1995 Digital Performance Right in Sound Recordings Act
Does this mechanical royalty rate apply to digital downloads from iTunes, etc ...
yes
can either author of a jointly written song license the song without getting the other author's permission?
yes
in a co-publishing deal, does the publisher "work" the songs?
yes
in a traditional publishing deal, does the publisher "work" the songs?
yes
is there a compulsory mechanical license?
yes
what % of total music publishing revenue is performance licensing?
~40%