Intro to Philosophy Midterm

What did Socrates say about the unexamined life?

"The unexamined life is not worth living"

Tao literally means

"way" or "path"

How many Noble Truths are there?

4

Socrates' jury consisted of _____ .

501 Athenian citizens

Aristotle founded the _____ .

Lyceum

_____ is an example of a sophistic technique mentioned in the text.

O. J. Simpson's shabby clothes

Perhaps the greatest of the Sophists was _____ .

Protagoras

Heraclitus seemed to believe that everything is always

changing

Aristotle used the term _____ to refer to the overall nature or tone of a person's habits.

character

By Lao-tzu's time, yin and yang were thought of as _____

coexisting together, each being an expression of the other

According to Aristotle, vice takes two forms: _____ and _____ .

daficiency/excess

Socrates said that to have no wants is _____

divine

The ring of Gyges presents the _____ position

egoist's

"Wu wei" means "to act"

false

According to Aristotle, the lowest level of soul is the sensitive, or sentient, soul

false

According to Aristotle, virtue is "goodness in the extreme."

false

According to Empedocles, the world cycle begins with the marriage of Love and Reason

false

According to Parmenides, only change is real.

false

Aristotle agreed with his teacher Plato on all major philosophical matters.

false

Aristotle identified eudaimonia with pleasure.

false

Bodhisattva means wandering monk.

false

Both the sophos and Sophists were professional philosophers and teachers.

false

Buddha's ultimate purpose was to provide happiness in this life and salvation in the next

false

Callicles preached the doctrine of social obligation known as the "common good."

false

Democritus rejected Parmenides' distinction between being and not-being.

false

Entelechy is Greek for "soul."

false

Heraclitus thought that only the Logos could end universal strife.

false

In place of Love and Strife, Anaxagoras posited Love and Nous.

false

Ingesting hemlock is a relatively painless way to die.

false

Jen (Ren) is the central harmony or Golden Mean upon which Confucian humanism rests.

false

Socrates wrote the first important treatise in the history of Western philosophy

false

Thales called his first principle apeiron.

false

The Greek word atom means "many in one."

false

The Socratic dialectic is an especially moving speech, one that raises powerful emotions

false

The Sophists taught that good and bad are defined by nature.

false

The literal meaning of Tao is "power."

false

The major charge against Socrates at his trial was "refusing to honor the customs of Athens."

false

The sophists were originally amateur teachers who only reluctantly accepted money from insistent followers.

false

The term barbarian derives from Greek roots meaning "blood letter."

false

The two basic varieties of moral relativism are cultural and intellectual.

false

Xenophon's account of Socrates is inaccurate

false

Aristotle argued that _____

form cannot be distinguished from content in fact

The _____ is the opposite of chun-tzu

hsiao-jen

According to Socrates, all evil is _____ .

ignorance

Siddhartha's parents tried to protect him from _____ .

knowledge of suffering

According to Heraclitus, _____ is the rule according to which all things are accomplished and the law that is found in all things

logos

What, according to Pythagoreans, is the first principle of all things?

numbers

Anaximenes called the underlying element _____ .

pneuma

_____ is what we think of today as a combination of the mind and soul.

psyche

Socrates _____ .

said that it was wrong to take money to teach

So great was Aristotle's influence on later thinkers that for centuries, educated persons knew him simply as _____

the Philosopher

"Lao-tzu" is a nickname that may mean Old Man

true

According to Aristotle, the good life is a process.

true

According to Plato, increasing democratization and sophistication led to the emergence of the first Athenian sophists.

true

Alcibiades said that he would almost be happy to learn that Socrates was dead

true

Although he was an effective teacher, Confucius was a failure as a political reformer.

true

Aristotle believed that human beings are not separate from nature but are part of nature

true

Aristotle thought of happiness in terms of function.

true

Aristotle was the tutor of Alexander the Great.

true

Athens experienced a cultural crisis brought on by its increasing openness and prosperity

true

Buddha died from eating something poisonous

true

Buddha's guidelines for living are known as the Eightfold Path.

true

Confucius said that man can make the Tao great

true

Ethnocentric cultures view their ways as superior to all others

true

It is almost impossible to separate what Socrates taught from his whole personality.

true

Pierre Hadot suggests that, in the ancient world, to be a philosopher implied a rupture or split from daily life.

true

Protagoras was a pragmatist.

true

Socrates was guided by a divine sign or daimon

true

Socrates was noted for physical courage, hardiness, and exceptional self-control.

true

Thales' direct legacy culminated in Anaximenes' doctrine of the pneuma.

true

Thrasymachus was a moral realist.

true

Traditionally, Thales is thought to have been the first Western philosopher

true

What we know today as the writings of Aristotle are really a collection of notes.

true

Thales believed that everything is composed of _____

water

Which of the following was most important to the sophists?

winning