Intro to Psychology Chapter 12 Questions

b. social norm

A(n) ________ is a set of group expectations for appropriate thoughts and behaviors of its members. a. social role b. social norm c. script d. attribution

b. benefits; costs

According to social exchange theory, humans want to maximize the ________ and minimize the ________ in relationships. a. intimacy; commitment b. benefits; costs c. costs; benefits d. passion; intimacy

b. influences on our own behavior

According to the actor-observer bias, we have more information about ________. a. situational influences on behavior b. influences on our own behavior c. influences on others' behavior d. dispositional influences on behavior

c. romantic love

According to the triangular theory of love, what type of love is defined by passion and intimacy but no commitment? a. consummate love b. empty love c. romantic love d. liking

b. selfless helping of others

Altruism is a form of prosocial behavior that is motivated by ________. ________. a. feeling good about oneself b. selfless helping of others c. earning a reward d. showing bravery to bystanders

b. evaluations

Attitudes describe our ________ of people, objects, and ideas. a. treatment b. evaluations c. cognitions d. knowledge

d. situational factors

1. As a field, social psychology focuses on ________ in predicting human behavior. a. personality traits b. genetic predispositions c. biological forces d. situational factors

a. analytical; motivated

11. In order for the central route to persuasion to be effective, the audience must be ________ and ________. a. analytical; motivated b. attentive; happy c. intelligent; unemotional d. gullible; distracted

c. self-serving bias

2. Making internal attributions for your successes and making external attributions for your failures is an example of ________. a. actor-observer bias b. fundamental attribution error c. self-serving bias d. just-world hypothesis

a. his next door neighbor

25. After moving to a new apartment building, research suggests that Sam will be most likely to become friends with ________. a. his next door neighbor b. someone who lives three floors up in the apartment building c. someone from across the street d. his new postal delivery person

c. consistency

Cognitive dissonance causes discomfort because it disrupts our sense of ________. a. dependency b. unpredictability c. consistency d. power

b. situational; dispositional

Collectivistic cultures are to ________ as individualistic cultures are to ________. a. dispositional; situational b. situational; dispositional c. autonomy; group harmony d. just-world hypothesis; self-serving bias

d. factual information

Examples of cues used in peripheral route persuasion include all of the following except ________. a. celebrity endorsement b. positive emotions c. attractive models d. factual information

c. groupthink

If group members modify their opinions to align with a perceived group consensus, then ________ has occurred. a. group cohesion b. social facilitation c. groupthink d. social loafing

b. normative

In the Asch experiment, participants conformed due to ________ social influence. a. informational b. normative c. inspirational d. persuasive

d. social roles

In the Stanford prison experiment, even the lead researcher succumbed to his role as a prison supervisor. This is an example of the power of ________ influencing behavior. a. scripts b. social norms c. conformity d. social roles

a. a script

On his first day of soccer practice, Jose suits up in a t-shirt, shorts, and cleats and runs out to the field to join his teammates. Jose's behavior is reflective of ________. a. a script b. social influence c. good athletic behavior d. normative behavior

a. feelings; behavior

Prejudice is to ________ as discrimination is to ________. a. feelings; behavior b. thoughts; feelings c. feelings; thoughts d. behavior; feeling

c. both a and b

Social loafing occurs when ________. a. individual performance cannot be evaluated b. the task is easy c. both a and b d. none of the above

c. diffusion of responsibility

The bystander effect likely occurs due to ________. a. desensitization to violence b. people not noticing the emergency c. diffusion of responsibility d. emotional insensitivity

b. physical harm; emotional harm

Typically, bullying from boys is to ________ as bullying from girls is to ________. a. emotional harm; physical harm b. physical harm; emotional harm c. psychological harm; physical harm d. social exclusion; verbal taunting

d. both b and c

Under what conditions will informational social influence be more likely? a. when individuals want to fit in b. when the answer is unclear c. when the group has expertise d. both b and c

d. physical attractiveness

What trait do both men and women tend to look for in a romantic partner? a. sense of humor b. social skills c. leadership potential d. physical attractiveness

c. fitting in

When it comes to buying clothes, teenagers often follow social norms; this is likely motivated by ________. a. following parents' rules b. saving money c. fitting in d. looking good

b. confirmation bias

When we seek out information that supports our stereotypes we are engaged in ________. a. scapegoating b. confirmation bias c. self-fulfilling prophecy d. in-group bias

d. the captain of the football team

Which of the following adolescents is least likely to be targeted for bullying? a. a child with a physical disability b. a transgender adolescent c. an emotionally sensitive boy d. the captain of the football team

d. individualism

Which of the following is not a type of prejudice? a. homophobia b. racism c. sexism d. individualism

c. scapegoating

________ occurs when the out-group is blamed for the in-group's frustration. a. stereotyping b. in-group bias c. scapegoating d. ageism