Intro to psychology quiz 6

Which of the following statements best defines conformity

a change in a person's behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard

According to attribution theory, attribution vary along which of the following dimensions

Internal/ external causes

_____ is a psychological disorder, commonly diagnosed in childhood, in which an individual exhibits one or more of the following symptoms: a lack of concentration, excitability, and impulsivity.

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is called

ethnocentrism

The hormone that is typically implicated in aggressive behavior is

testosterone

The _____ approach is evident in the medical model.

biological

_____ is the psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts.

cognitive dissonance

_____ is the most dramatic, least common, and most controversial dissociative disorder.

dissociative identity disorder

The volunteer participants in Solomon Asch's experiment on conformity conformed to group pressure to select the incorrect answer approximately _____ percent of the time.

35

_____ is based on a person's desire to be liked by a group.

normative social influence

Which of the following statements about panic disorder is false

American men are twice as likely as American women to be diagnosed with panic disorder.

The process by which we come to understand the causes of others' behavior is known as

Attribution

The _____ was published in 1952 by the American Psychiatric Association for the major classification of psychological disorders in the United States.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

________ involves a sudden loss of memory or change in identity

Dissociative disorder

_____ is reflected in a person's conscious and openly shared attitude, which might be measured using a questionnaire, whereas _____ refers to attitudes that exist on a deeper, hidden level, thus they must be measured with a method that does not require awareness.

Explicit racism/implicit racism

When members of a group know something that a person doesn't, the person will follow the group to be right. This explains the concept of

Informational social influence

A depressive disorder is classified as an ______ disorder

Mood

In attribution theory, the person who offers a casual explanation of the actor's behavior is called the

Observer

The anxiety disorder in which the individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/ or urges it perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation is

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

In an _________, a person experiences recurrent, sudden onset's of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause

Panic disorder

__________refers to the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others

Person perception

According to __________, the most important predictor of relationship success is having both partners feel that each is doing his or her "fair share"

Social exchange theory

A _________ is a generalization about a group's characteristics that does not consider any variations from one individual to another

Stereotype

___________ is an individual's fast-acting, self-fulfilling fear of being judged based on a negative idea about his or her group

Stereotype threat

An important feature of optimal inter group contact that involves working together on a shared goal is known as

Task-oriented cooperation

Which theoretical approach emphasizes the contribution of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders

The psychological approach

All of the following are symptoms of major depressive disorder except

a history of manic episodes.

When individuals desire to have another person near and have a deep, caring affection for the person, they are displaying

affectionate love

A fear becomes a phobia when

an individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear.

_____ has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder.

anorexia nervosa

_____ is an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

anorexia nervosa

_________ is a psychological disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit

antisocial personality disorder

_____ are people's opinions and beliefs about other people, objects, and ideas, and how they feel about the world.

attitudes

The _____ approach to psychological disorders primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality.

biological

_____ is a mood disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state.

bipolar disorder

Genetic factors are stronger predictors of _______ than of _______

bipolar disorder/depressive disorders

_____ is an OCD-related disorder that involves a distressing preoccupation with imagined or slight flaws in one's physical appearance.

body dysmorphic disorder

_________ is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts

borderline personality disorder

_____ is an eating disorder in which an individual, typically female, consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern.

bulimia nervosa

The most common compulsion exhibited by individuals who have obsessive-compulsive disorder is excessive

cleansing

In the context of social influence, Solomon Asch's experiment demonstrates

conformity

The Stanford prison experiment provides a dramatic example of how social situations and the roles we take on in life can influence

deindividuation

The reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group is known as

deindividuation

_____ is an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life.

depression

The _____ is a theory suggesting that preexisting conditions, such as genetic characteristics, personality dispositions, or experiences, put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder.

diathesis-stress model

Drug companies commonly fund research that focuses on a(n) _____ model of psychological disorders.

disease

_____ is a depressive disorder in children who show persistent irritability and recurrent episodes of out-of-control behavior.

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Which of the following was formerly called multiple personality disorder

dissociative identity disorder

_____ refers to rationalizing the amount of work we put into getting something by increasing its value.

effort justification

_____ means helping another person for personal gain, such as to feel good, or avoid guilt.

egoism

According to social exchange theory, the most important predictor of relationship succes is

equity

The _____ is the overestimation of the degree to which everybody else thinks or acts the way we do.

false consensus effect

All of the following are symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder except

feeling emotionally charged.

_____ is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia, which means the display of little or no emotion.

flat affect

Deficits in the functioning of the _____ are associated with aggression.

frontal lobes

The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior is called

fundamental attribution error

_____ refers to the impaired decision making that occurs in a team when making the right decision is less important than maintaining harmony.

groupthink

_____ are sensory experiences in the absence of real stimuli. _____ are false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture.

hallucinations and delusions

Individuals with bulimia nervosa tend to have _____ of perfectionism and ______ of self efficacy

high levels/low levels

Attributions that include causes inside and specific to a person, such as his or her traits and abilities, are called

internal attributions

Americans with Disabilities Act

made it illegal to discriminate against a person with a psychological disorders in the workplace when the person's condition does not prevent performance of the job's essential functions

According to the national institute of mental health, the leading cause of disability in the United States is

major depressive disorder

With respect to the three characteristics of abnormal behavior, when a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world, it is considered

maladaptive

_____ refers to a psychological state in which an individual feels overexcited and unrealistically optimistic.

mania

Depressive disorders are _______, whereas bipolar disorder is _______

more common among women/equally common in men and women

A classic series of experiments by Stanley Milgram demonstrated the profound effect of

obedience

_____ are recurrent thoughts, and _____ are recurrent behaviors.

obsessions and compulsions

_____ are favorable views of the self that are not necessarily rooted in reality.

positive illusions

The _____ of schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function, whereas the _____ reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions.

positive symptoms and negative symptoms

Dissociative disorders often occur in individuals who also show signs of

post traumatic stress disorder

_____ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a group.

prejudice

The mere exposure effect provides one possible explanation for why ________ increases attraction

proximity

_____ refers to a psychological state in which a person's perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality.

psychosis

Behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person through activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors is known as

relational aggression

The tendency for a group decision to be riskier than the average decision made by the individual group members is known as

risky shift

_____ involves strong components of sexuality and infatuation, and is often predominant in the early part of a love relationship.

romantic love

_____ is a severe psychological disorder that is characterized by highly disordered, psychotic thought processes.

schizophrenia

_____ theory is Daryl Bem's take on how behaviors influence attitudes.

self-perception

_____ refers to the tendency to take credit for one's own successes and to deny responsibility for one's own failures.

self-serving bias

Depressed people tend to have fewer receptors of the neurotransmitters

serotonin and norepinephrine

The area of social psychology that explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information is called

social cognition

The process by which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to others is known as

social comparison

The effects of others on our behavior can take the form of _____, imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas.

social contagion

According to _______, social relationships involve an exchange of goods, the objective of which is to minimize costs and maximize benefits

social exchange theory

_____ refers to the way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership

social identity

Which of the following theories best explains why individuals like to think of their group as an in-group

social identity theory

_____ is an anxiety disorder in which an individual has an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in public.

social phobia

_______ is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people

social psychology

For a person to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), he or she must have experienced a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least

two weeks