Intro to Sociology exam 3

structural functionalist

A sociologist is studying how the population of certain countries influences and affects the population and environment of other neighboring countries. This sociologist is most likely a:

interactionist

Assembling perspective falls under which sociological perspective?

examine the carrying capacity of his lands, consider setting aside more land if he wants to expand his herd

Bill wants to increase his herd of cattle on his farm. Right now, he his herd numbers around 100, and he has 100 acres of his farm set aside for their pasture. What would a sociologist suggest so that his farm, which feeds many in his town and county, can continue to function?

universal healthcare

Dana's lives in a country which guarantees healthcare for all of its citizens. Dana lives in a country which uses:

bartering

Davis is low on cash, but really wants an electric guitar. He offers to trade his acoustic guitar, for his friend Bill's electric guitar. Davis is engaging in:

socialized mediciene

Drake lives in Great Britain, where the British government owns and operates the country's health care system. This is an example of ____:

lobbying for domestic corporate interests

From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is NOT a purpose of government?

the ability to exercise one's will over others

How did Max Weber define power?

symbolic interactionism

In recent decades, lobbying has become a powerful force in the political world. Lobbyists frequently meet behind closed doors with senators, lawmakers, and congressmen and women to push influential legislation through the congressional process. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in examining micro level interactions involved with the lobbying movement?

universal access

Jackson lives in rural Chile, and is the son of a poor farmer. The nearest school is 50 miles away, and he has no means to get there. What does the educational system in Jackson's country lack?

environmental racism

Josh sits in his kitchen in the city projects trying to sip his coffee while inhaling the nauseating fumes wafting from the town dump that was relocated to within a mile of his home. He desperately wishes he could move, but he works two jobs just to make ends meet for his family. Josh lives in the poorer part of town; the part that is greatly overlooked by local government officials. What might a sociologist call this phenomenon?

symbolic interactionism

Kara has behavioral problems as a young child. As she goes through school, she is labeled "troubled," and told she will never amount to anything. Kara, though intelligent, decides to "live down" to this expectation. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in studying Kara's experience?

outsourcing

Keshawn used to work for an IT company in Baltimore, but lost his job when his company decided to use workers in New Delhi instead. This is an example of:

cultural capital

Malik grew up in an affluent household which embraced activities such as attending the opera, visiting museums, and traveling to foreign countries at least once a year. When Malik goes to college, he finds he has much to talk about with professors, and fellow students from similar backgrounds. Malik is enjoying the benefits of:

cornucopian theory

Melissa has been working to develop drought-resistance seeds that require little water to grow and which produce grain. She wants to send these to arid parts of the world, where conventional grain is not easy (or even impossible) to grow to improve nutrition for the people in those countries. In sociological terms, Melissa most likely ascribes to:

high income

Obesity is rising at the fastest rate in which of the following countries?

church and state

On any given day, there is often a story about prayer in schools in the news. For decades people have disagreeing over the constitutionality of prayer in schools. This controversy is a great example of the tension between:

steadily increased

Over the past decades, the turnout of minority voters has:

kyoto protocol

Pollution, like many other issues in the world, has become a global issue. What was the name of the agreement that several countries signed as a way to pledge the lessening of carbon emissions?

rational choice theory

Roberto has just moved to a new city. He does not know anyone but he wants to find a mosque where he can practice Islam. Which theory will Roberto use, either consciously or subconsciously, to make a decision?

structural functionalist

Some believe that religion is important because it adds meaning to people's lives and provides answers to difficult questions. A sociologist following which theory would agree with this statement?

reform

The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) is a non-profit organization located in Washington, D.C. which advocates for equal rights and marriage rights of gay, lesbian, transgender, and bisexual citizens. The HRC is a ____ group:

resistance

The National Organization for Marriage is a group which travels across the country, condemning homosexuality and advocating against new laws allowing gay marriage. What type of movement are they participating in?

public and private insurance coverage

The United States healthcare system consists of:

well constructed buildings

Three things are important for the formation and sustentation of a city. Which of the below options is NOT one of them?

grade inflation

To make students more competitive in the work force and for graduate school, college professors are beginning to lower the standard for student grades (i.e. what was once considered a B, is now considered an A). This is known as:

symbolic interactionist

Until 1973 homosexuality was considered a psychological disorder American Psychological Association. Which sociological perspective would be most concerned with why this was considered an illness, and what effect that diagnosis had on society?

religion is very influential over the economy and habits of workers

What correlation between religion and society did Max Weber see and study?

modernization of society

What did Marx and Freud see as the downfall of religion that would lead to the secularization of society?

they only include those currently looking for work

What is one reason unemployment statistics are unreliable?

we show little concern about contaminating water with our garbage and waste

What is one way the people of the United States, and the world, are reaching and abusing the Earth's carrying capacity?

allowed freer trade opportunities for the united states, canada, and mexico

What was the significance of NAFTA?

tracking

When Ahmed is in 5th grade, he does poorly in math and science. His teachers recommend him for lower-level classes throughout middle school in all subjects, and he's not given the chance to excel elsewhere. This process is known as:

liberation theology

When Rosa and Sergei realized that the poor were being neglected in their city, they mobilized the members of their synagogue to send letters to the government asking them to fix the growing rate of poverty, or at least, fund the citizens so they might help their neighbors. This is an example of:

sidewalks are narrowerer to provide on-street parking

Which is an aspect of city life that might catch a human ecologist's attention?

The pattern of expectations that define appropriate behavior for the sick and for those who take care of them

Which of the following best defines the concept of "The Sick Role"?

geographic distribution of male and female students

Which of the following does NOT account for the differences in the educational system from country to country?

social networks

Which of the following is NOT a manifest function of education?

HIV spreading across the state at a rapid rate in the 1980s

Which of the following is NOT a result of the commodification of health care?

it's a symbol of high culture

Which of the following is NOT true of the sociological perspective on religion?

disease

Which of the following is not a widely contributing factor in social change?

conflict theory

Which of the following sociological perspectives argues that the educational system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities arising from differences in class, gender, race and ethnicity?

it kept the proletariat in their low social class

Which position describes Karl Marx's view of religion and society?

functionalism

Which sociological perspective argues that sick people fill a societal role, and are stigmatized by society if they spend longer in that role than is appropriate?

karl marx

Which sociologist saw political conflict as a means of promoting positive change for the underprivileged?

sacred and profane

Which two words did Émile Durkheim use to distinguish between religious objects and non-religious objects?

mechanical solidarity (emile durkheim)

a form of social cohesion that comes from sharing similar work, education, and religion, as might be found in simpler societies

representative democracy

a government wherein citizens elect officials to represent their interests

commodity

a physical object we find, grow, or make to meet our needs and those of others

social movement

a purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal

acting crowd

crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal

expressive crowd

crowds who share opportunities to express emotions

xenophobia

illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods

conventional crowd

people who come together for a regularly scheduled event

casual crowd

people who share close proximity without really interacting

charismatic

power legitimized on the basis of a leader's exceptional personal qualities

traditional

power legitimized on the basis of long-standing customs

rational-legal

power that is legitimized by rules, regulations, and laws

social change

the change in a society created through social movements as well as through external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations

formal education

the learning of academic facts and concepts

globalization

the process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market

hidden curriculum

the type of nonacademic knowledge that people learn through informal learning and cultural transmission