Introduction to Agriculture : 4. INTRODUCTION TO PLANT SCIENCE
Which of the following organisms would an herbivore eat?
leaf
Which of the following forms of water pollution is most associated with mining?
acids and heavy metals
Much like auxin in a stem causes it to grow upward, the auxin in which structure makes it grow downward?
roots
Which component found in fertilizer is a known cancer-causing agent?
nitrites
Which of the following shows the correct order of organisms in the food chain from bottom to top?
producers, herbivores, carnivores
The 1945 bombing of Hiroshima resulted in which of the following types of pollution?
radioactive soil
Which of the following type of forest is likely to have the most nutrient-rich soil?
deciduous forest
Which of the following is defined as a process of weathering able to move rock and soil particles from one area and deposit them in another?
erosion
Which of the following is an example of a seedless vascular plant?
fern
Which of the following identifies types of plants in which pollination occurs?
flowering plants
Which of the following is the main cause of thermal water pollution?
global warming
Which of the following organisms is an autotroph?
grass
Which of the following is the correct order of the parts of a flower, starting from the outside and then going inside?
sepal, petal, stamen, carpel
Which factor determines how well aerated a soil is?
size of pores
Which of the following is NOT a function of a stem?
supports the plant's weight
What is the function of cellular respiration in plants?
to break down sugars
Which of the following is one reason why some plants have specific markings?
to camouflage them from herbivores
Which of the following plants creates a chemical compound that kills herbivores that eat it?
tobacco plant
Which of the following distinguishes how auxins affect plant stems?
Auxins enable plant stems to reach for sunlight.
Which of the following is considered a micronutrient in fertilizer?
copper
If a flower is wilting, which structure inside its cells lacks water?
vacuole
Which of the following resources was originally used to create aspirin?
willow bark
Match the definition to the term. 1.. aeration 2. aggregates 3. pH
1. introduction of air into a substance 2. clumps of soil particles that bind to each other more strongly than they bind to adjacent particles 3. the measurement of hydrogen ions in a substance
Match the type of soil with its composition. 1. grassland soil 2. forest soil 3. desert soil
2. shallow A and deep B horizon 1. deep A and shallow B horizon 3. shallow A and B horizons
Match the soil horizon with its location in a soil profile. 1. Horizon O (decomposed organic material) 2. Horizon R (bedrock, or solid rock layer) 3. Horizon B (some organic and many inorganic materials)
3, middle of soil profile 2. bottom of soil profile 1. top of soil profile
Match the animal with its level in the food chain. 1. grasshopper 2. bear 3. wolf
3. carnivore 1. herbivore 2. omnivore
Match the definition to the term. 1. angiosperms 2. autotrophs 3. bryophytes 4. gymnosperms
3. land plants that do not have vascular tissue; mosses are an example 2. organisms that can make their own food 4. vascular land plants that have seeds in cones rather than flowers 1. flowering plants; plants that use flowers for reproduction
Match the term with its definition. 1. consumer 2. bryophyte 3. producer
3. organism that traps and stores energy from the sun 2. plant without vascular tissue 1. animal that eats other organisms
Match the definition to the term. 1. climate 2. nutrients 3. organic 4. parent material 5. soil horizons
4. foundation or underlying material of soil 2. substances that are needed for proper functioning of a plant or animal body 3. something that is or was alive; substance derived from living things 5. layers of soil, each with its own characteristics 1. average weather conditions in an area over a time period, usually 30 years
Match the definition to the term. 1. auxins 2. fertilization 3. gametophyte 4. gravitropism 5. phototropism
5. a plant's natural tendency to bend to face any light source 3. a structure in a plant that produces sperm and eggs 4. a plant's natural tendency to have roots that grow downward and stems that grow upward 1. substances that tell plant cells to elongate 2. the union of an egg and sperm
Match the definition to the term. 1. central vacuole 2. petals 3. sepals 4. stamen 5. stomata
5. tiny pores or openings in a leaf 4. male part of the flower 1. a storage compartment in plant cells 2. surround the reproductive parts of a flower 3. protective casings that surrounds buds before they bloom
Which of the following best describes the difference between a plant cell and an animal cell?
A plant cell has a thick, rigid wall while an animal cell does not have a cell wall.
How does increasing the slope of land affect soil formation?
Decreases it by causing nutrients to wash away
A rose bush has waxy leaves and petals that make it difficult for herbivores to eat.
False
Extreme acidity in soil helps plants thrive because the hydrogen ions kill off all harmful microorganisms that may stunt a plant's development.
False
Both human and animal wastes are sometimes used as fertilizer. How are the two types treated differently before they are used to fertilize crops?
Human waste goes through physical and chemical treatment; animal waste is used directly.
How does the gametophyte generation differ genetically from the sporophyte generation?
It contains half the genetic material (is haploid).
Which of the following best explains how soil can stop acid rain runoff from reaching streams and rivers?
Low-acid soils will absorb and neutralize the acid water in its pores before it can reach streams and rivers.
Which of the following statements best explains how roots aggregate soil?
Not The roots attract water and help the soil bind the particles together.
Which of the following soil particle sizes forms the densest soil?
Not gravel or sand
Which of the following best explains why omnivores do not have a specific place in the food chain?
Omnivores can eat plants and animals, but they are also eaten by other carnivores.
Identify three farming practices that contribute to desertification. Discuss how each practice can be avoided and how changing the practice will affect the soil.
Three farming practices that contributes to desertification are one, soil contamination. This contributes to desertification because soil contamination comes from human-made substances. Second is soil depletion. Soil depletion can occur when the soil quality settles. Thirdly is Soil Erosion. Soil erosion is continuously planting without fertilization or crop rotation can deplete soils of important nutrients. When the soil has poor quality it is then eroded. All of the practices contribute to desertification.
A soil's structure will affect how much water the soil retains.
True
Cholera, typhoid, and dysentery are caused by bacteria in water. These kill more than 400 children per hour in Third World countries.
True
Which of the following is NOT a function of a plant's roots?
absorbing sunrays
Which of the following is the final product of photosynthesis?
air
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of fertilizer?
allows farmers to grow plants using very little soil
Which of the following is a cause of acid rain?
burning fossil fuels
Which of the following terms describes the female part of the flower?
carpel
Which of the following parts of the plant facilitates photosynthesis?
chloroplast
Which of the following types of land is the richest in nutrients and organic material?
marsh
Which of the following elements does soil need in the largest quantities to sustain plant life?
nitrogen
In the food chain "grass → grasshopper → bird → hawk," the smallest biomass (total living mass) would be found at which level?
not grass
Water pollution does NOT contribute to which of the following problems?
not mutated fish
Which of the following actions by farmers contributes to desertification?
not rotating crops
Which option identifies the number of trophic levels represented in the food chain in the following scenario? A rabbit consumes clover, and then the rabbit is eaten by a coyote. The coyote is later eaten by a mountain lion.
not three
Which of the following elements found in fertilizer helps plants produce fruit?
phosphorus
Which of the following organisms in the Gulf of Mexico experiences an immediate increase of population due to fertilizer runoff into the Mississippi River?
phytoplankton
Which of the following identifies specific parts of a plant that must join together to create a new cell?
pollen and ovule
What is a direct effect of climate on soil formation?
rate of soil formation
Use of which type of fertilizer improves air quality?
recycled ammonia
Which of the following suggestions would best help alleviate the Gulf of Mexico dead zone?
reduce farm fertilizer runoff