Introduction to Classical Music

Match the term with its appropriate description. Each letter should be used only once. A. Consequent B. Disjunct C. Antecedent D. Conjunct WITH E. Smooth motion F. Many leaps G. Return to a resting point/tonic H. Departure from starting/resting point

1) A and G: Consequent and Return to a resting point/tonic 2) D and E: Conjunct and smooth motion 3) C and H: Antecedent and departure from starting/resting point 4) B and F: disjunct and many leaps

music style periods

1) Medieval/ Middle Ages 2) Renaissance 3) Baroque 4) Classical 5) Romantic 6) Impressionist 7) Modern 8) Post-Modern

describe "classical music"

1) a somewhat lesser emphasis on a strongly defined regular beat 2) greater prominence given to purely instrumental music 3) employs mostly acoustic instruments 4) compositions are often longer and cast in broader forms 5) performances typically occur with and from notated music

who sang soprano?

1) men in afalsetto 2) choir boys 3) castrato

describe "popular music"

1) often features a strong sense of a regular beat 2) Usually has lyrics 3) Makes wider and more regular use of electronic instruments 4) Compositions are usually shorter and more repetitive 5) Performances usually don't rely on notated music

the regions through which musical sound passes as it comes from the atmosphere and into our ear and then makes its way to the temporal lobe of the brain

1) outer ear 2) inner ear 3) basilar membrane 4) auditory nerve 5) primary auditory cortex

Which of the following does Richard Strauss use to suggest the advent of a super hero and coming of a new age in his tone poem Also sprach Zarathustra? (select two) ______ and _____ . A. A static melody suggesting consistency B. A rising melody C. A descending melody D. A piano as the solo instrument E. A trumpet as a solo instrument

B. a rising melody and E. a trumpet as a solo instrument

given the following chord progressions, please determine which type (name) of cadence each chord sequence: 1. Tonic chord (I) to dominant chord (V) ____ 2. Dominant chord (V) to submediant chord (VI) ____ 3. Dominant chord (V) to tonic chord (I) ____ 4. Subdominant chord (IV) to tonic chord (I) ____ A. Authentic B. Half C. Deceptive D. "Amen"

BCAD

How many pitches are used in the pentatonic scale, the scale so often heard in Chinese music?

5

Some Indian music, as exemplified by works created by the late Ravi Shankar, employ how many pitches?

6

How many pitches are used in the Western major and minor scales?

7

How many pitches are in a minor scale?

8

Identify two qualities that are NOT characteristic of Gregorian chant. A. Music sung only by men B. Music sung in monophonic texture C. Music sung without the accompaniment of instruments D. Music sung always in Latin as part of the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church E. Music sung always in triple meter in honor of the Holy Trinity

A and E

Which music usually has no beat at all?

Gregorian chant

Composer of Ave Maria

Josquin Desprez

Which of the following lists the parts of the Ordinary of the Mass in the correct order?

Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei

Which usually releases tension from music from a musical passage, as heard in the example by Beethoven

an descending chromatic scale

Which culture had the most significant effect on the development of the Western musical scale?

ancient greek

The Fundamental and the first four (indeed first six) overtones produce ________.

consonance

To generate a pitch an octave higher on a violin, one must:

cut the length of the string exactly in half

What is the genre of "Ave Maria"

motet

Which of the following describes a portative organ?

moveable

Recitative

musical declamation of the kind usual in the narrative and dialogue parts of opera and oratorio, sung in the rhythm of ordinary speech with many words on the same note.

In order to raise the pitch of a note by an octave (by the same letter name, we must ______ its frequency (in Hertz).

double

True or false: Listening to music causes the same responses in regions of the brain as we experience when eating certain food, engaging in sex, and taking drugs of abuse.

True

True or False: A cadence will come at the beginning of a musical phrase.

false

True or False: A partbook contained all the music for an ensemble, and everyone would share it in performance.

false

True or False: Classical music, with its notated scores and long-standing traditions, demands that one perform the music strictly in tempo and on pitch at all times for maximum emotional effect.

false

True or False: Hildegard of Bingen wrote the music for her chants but never the texts.

false

True or False: The introduction of slight "imperfections" in classical music is NOT something we find emotionally satisfying.

false

Please select the detail about the early history of the organ that is NOT true: Placed high up on the wall so all could view and hear it Represented cutting-edge technology of the day First appeared in cathedrals First appeared during the 17th century

first appeared during the 17th century

What is the lowest sound of an overtone series called?

fundamental

faster, more athletic renaissance dance

galliard

Where was the printing press invented, around 1450?

germany

A major or minor triad built upon the same pitch differs from the other by the difference of a _____ in the middle pitch of the triad:

half step

Which musical element distinguishes Western music from other regions/cultures of the world?

harmony

When voices repeat, usually for a short period of time the music a preceding voice has sung or played, what is this technique called?

imitation

What is the language of the text in Ave Maria?

latin

What is the text of an opera called?

libretto

Eventually, by the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, scale patterns in the West were reduced to just two patterns, the ____ and the ____.

major and minor

The Western musical scale developed with inconsistencies within it because the founders of early musical theory privileged _________ over symmetry.

math

When listening to music, syncopation is usually found in the ______.

melody

Which musical element distinguishes Islamic music from other regions/cultures of the world?

melody

The machine musicians use to sound the beat so that the performer can stay with it is called a _________.

metronome

A general term for solo expressive singing accompanied by an ensemble is known as ______.

monody

Gregorian chant employs which type of musical texture? ____

monophonic

Which of the following attributes are qualities of melismatic chant? (select more than one)

more virtuosic, wide range, many notes per syllable

In a madrigal, the language of the poem set to music was usually:

vernacular language

When the music reflects or underscores the literal meaning of the text, that process can NOT be called?

vocal canon -can be called word painting, madrigalism, and mimicry

When two voices seemingly play off against another set of two voices, what is this technique called?

voice pairing

Do the Chinese and Indonesian musical cultures have the same overtones as Western music?

yes

Which of the following is NOT used to signal a downbeat? New instruments Accents Longer durations Chord changes Differences in range

new instruments

Yes or No: If a rhythmic emphasis is placed on a downbeat, is that considered an instance of syncopation?

no

aria

operatic solo about how they feel, very ornate and melsmatic

musical instruments of renaissance

organ, clavicord, lute, shewm, sackbut, cornetto,

Identify the two "axes" (or coordinates) of music found in a Western musical score:

pitch and duration (time)

troubadors

poet-musicians at the castles and courts in Europe; wrote short verses and songs about the pleasures of life and love; use the venacular

Guillaume de Machaut's "Our Lady" Mass is a _________ setting of the _________ of the mass.

polyphonic, ordinary

What musical texture dominates Ave MAria?

polyphony

When a character in an opera is talking about what is happening, often in a simple, straightforward, and syllabic style, he/she is singing a ______.

recitative

what era was the age of a capella?

renaissance

A tonotopic region is one of the ear or the brain containing cilia or neurons that

respond only to particular frequencies (vibrations) of pitch

Which musical element distinguishes African music from other regions/cultures of the world?

rhythm

Is Ave Maria sacred or secular?

sacred

The madrigal was generally written for:

several solo voices, usually 4-5, one voice to a part

Madrigal

several voices, poem about love, a capella, one singer sings each part, in venacular, generated 1st in Italy, thousands of madrigals

Which of the following attributes are qualities of syllabic chant? (select more than one)

simple style, narrow range, one note per syllable

Which of the following describes a positive organ?

stationary

Please match the term with the scale degree (and the associated triad) it represents: Scale degree IV _______ Scale degree V ______ Scale degree I and VIII ______ A. Subdominant B. Tonic C. Dominant

subdominant, dominant, tonic

Which of these more accurately describes the Ordinary of the Mass?

texts are the same each day

Which of these more accurately describes the Proper of the Mass ?

texts change with each new feast or saint's day

Litergy

the official public worship of the Church

True or False: A chord differs from an arpeggio in that its notes are played simultaneously rather than successively.

true

True or False: Arpeggios can be made out of minor triads as well as major triads.

true

True or False: Chromatic scales are usually employed in only a part or a section of a piece?

true

True or False: Major and minor scales both have seven-note patterns, but those patterns differ from each other.

true

True or False: Syncopation is the effect produced when a rhythmic emphasis is placed on a weak beat or on an "off-beat."

true

True or False: The great body of Gregorian chant is somewhat misattributed to Pope Gregory the Great due in part to some of the cultural practices and prejudices of the Middle Ages.

true

Singing that is done "a Cappella Sistina"--or "a cappella," as it has come to be known--is singing that is:

unaccompanied

_________ is an organization of _________ into consistent _________ of evenly spaced, regularly recurring _________ (usually 2, 3, or 4). A. Beats B. Meter C. Musical time D. Groups

(B, C, D, A)Meter is an organization of musical time into consistent groups of evenly spaced, regularly recurring beats.

Over a period of roughly how many years was Gregorian chant actively composed?

1500

How many pitches are in a chromatic scale?

12

Which pitch of the scale is altered by a half-step to essentially change a scale from the major mode to the minor mode (and vice versa)?

3rd

Match the mode with the mood it is often associated with in Western music: ___ and ___ ; ___ and ___ A Happy B Minor C Major D Sad/Somber

A,C and B,D

In music notation, the horizontal dimension corresponds to _______, while the vertical dimension corresponds to _______. A. Duration B. Pitch

AB, duration, pitch

Which is true? A. It is typical for a chant to mimic or reinforce in sound the meaning of text B. Chant most often carries the text but does not reinforce it.

B

From the following pitches, please select the three that correctly make up a triad. E G D F C

CEG

Place the following tempo indications in order from fastest to slowest: A. Moderato B. Allegro C. Lento D. Prestissimo

DBAC

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for emotion?

Limbic system

Where did opera originate, around 1600?

Northern Italy

"Possente Spirto" is from the opera, ______, considered to be first opera of lasting importance.

Orfeo

Which usually adds a sense of growing tension to a musical passage, as heard in the example by Mozart?

a ascending chromatic scale

Motet

a short piece of sacred choral music, typically polyphonic and unaccompanied.

basso continuo

a small ensemble of at least two instrumentalists who provide a foundation for the melody or melodies above; heard almost exclusively in Baroque music

When listening to music, the beat is usually signaled to us by the _______.

bass

Tempo refers to the speed of the music, gauged by the speed of the _______. Beat Rhythms Accelerando Ritardando All of these

beat

According to Professor Wright, a "group of two or more pitches sounding at the same time" is a basic definition of a ________?

chord

Which music often has a suppressed beat?

classical music

All frequencies sounding above (and with) that lowest sound are:

overtones

slow and stately renaissance dance

pavane