Introduction to Development/ erikson & piaget's theory

Animism

is the child's belief that inanimate objects have feelings and thoughts. This is a hallmark of the preoperational period. ​

The healthcare professional is explaining Piaget's cognitive development theory to pediatric caregivers. Which child behavior is characteristic of the concrete operational period?​

A child who can classify, order, and sort facts is displaying classification skills. This is a hallmark of the concrete operational period. ​

inferiority

A school-aged child has difficulty at school and receives little positive feedback at home. Failure at this stage of development will result in which crisis?​

Identity vs. role confusion

Adolescence

Formal operational

Adolescent and adult

egocentric thought. ​

Adolescents in the formal operational period have a prevalence of egocentric thought. This means that they believe their actions and appearance are constantly scrutinized by others.

trust

An infant's needs are consistently met by the caregiver. Successful accomplishment during this stage of development will result in which side of the conflict?​

A nurse assesses an infant's height, weight, and head circumference. Which type of development is the healthcare professional assessing?​

Biophysical development

Proximodistal development means growth starts at the

Center Body

Piaget's cognitive development theory focuses on which aspect of human development? Select all that apply.

Cognitive theories explore how individuals learn to think and make sense of the world. Growth concerns physical aspects of development, including height, weight, and control of muscles.

Cindy has just realized that two $1 bills are less money than one $20 bill. Which period of cognitive development is Cindy mastering? ​

Concrete operational

Which statement reflects Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development?​

During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for personality development.

The nurse observes a preschooler taking a toy from another child and recognizes that the child is unable to understand how this action makes the other child feel. This thinking demonstrates which aspect of Piaget's preoperational period?​

Egocentrism

integrity vs despair/ When an older adult goes through doubt and regret

Encouraging reflection on meaningful partner relationships, community service, and a relationship with a higher power can enhance feelings of integrity. ​

Cephalocaudal

Head control is gained before the ability to sit up.

Trust vs. mistrust

Infants

Initiative vs. guilt

Preschoolers

Preoperational

Preschoolers

Concrete operational

School age

Industry vs. inferiority

School age

Place Piaget's periods of cognitive development in order. ​

Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years old) Preoperational stage (2-7 years old) Concrete operational stage (7-11 years old) Formal operational stage (11 years old through adulthood)

The healthcare professional is teaching a new mother about infant care. Understanding Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which recommendation will the professional make?​

Ten to the infants needs when cued

Each life stage is define by

benchmarks

Psychosocial development

describes human development based on personality, thinking, and behavior. ​

Cephalocaudal development means growth is________ at the top of the body.

fastest

A guardian is playing with an infant using a colorful ball. At three months of age, the guardian hid the ball under a blanket and the infant did not search for it. However, at ten months of age, the infant now searches for the ball under the blanket. This action at ten months of age demonstrates which aspect of Piaget's sensorimotor stage?​

object permanence

An important prerequisite for all future cognitive development is the child's awareness that an object exists even though it is no longer visible. What does Piaget call this awareness?​

object permanence

Moral development

refers to changes in an individual's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that influence beliefs about what is right and wrong. ​

Wellness across the life span is defined by

the absence of illness and developmental milestones reached during each stage of life

What impact will be experienced by an individual who fails to achieve developmental milestones?

Future developmental milestones achievements may be delayed

Which growth pattern represents proximodistal development? ​

Heart and lung development before lower extremities is an example. ​

Sensorimotor

Infants and toddlers

Proximodistal

Infants gain control over the torso before the legs.

Proximodistal

Infants learn to grasp objects with their palm before their fingers.

Cephalocaudal

Infants use the hands to grasp objects before they walk.

While assessing Thomas,32, Jessie becomes concerned about how the client's behaviors have influenced beliefs and decisions in the past. Which developmental theory should Jessie use in her assessment? ​

Kohlberg's theory of moral development

Generativity vs. stagnation

Middle adult

Integrity vs. despair

Older adult

The caregiver of a 10-year-old child tells the healthcare professional that the child seems to be more attentive to friends than family. Which response demonstrates the professional's understanding of psychosocial development?​

The peer relationship becomes a very important part of psychosocial development through the school age.

Jean Piaget ​

Theory of Cognitive Development ​

Lawrence Kohlberg ​

Theory of Moral Development ​

Erik Erikson ​

Theory of Psychosocial Development ​

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Toddlerhood

Erikson's stages of psychosocial development in order are:

Trust vs. Mistrust​ Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt​ Initiative vs. Guilt​ Industry vs. Inferiority​ Identity vs. Role confusion​ Intimacy vs. Isolation​ Generativity vs. Stagnation​ Integrity vs. Despair

How does an understanding of various developmental theories promote healthy interactions between individuals and health professionals? Select all that apply.

Understanding normal growth and development helps the professional assess and understand the individual's response. It aids the professional to select information that is understandable to the client and better prepares the professional to assist a client experiencing a developmental crisis. ​

What is the primary reason students entering health-related fields study developmental theories?

Understanding normal growth and development helps the professional predict, detect, and prevent problems that may impact a client's health.​

Intimacy vs. isolation

Young adult

The guardians of a toddler allow the child to make simple choices, such as selecting clothing and what to drink with meals. These actions assist the child to master which developmental task?​

autonomy

A teenager refuses to wear the clothes purchased by the guardian, stating they make them look ridiculous. What internal conflict is occurring?​

identity vs. role confusion. ​

An older adult client looks back at life achievements and is satisfied. This adult has achieved

integrity.​

Cognitive development

is how an individual learns to think and makes sense of the world from childhood through adulthood. ​

Classification

is the ability to sort items by length, weight, color, or some other characteristic and is a hallmark of the concrete operations period. ​

Egocentrism

is the inability to see things from another's perspective. Logic is not well developed. This situation represents egocentrism in the preoperational period. ​

A female adolescent who is having unprotected sex with a male partner comments to a friend, "Did you hear about Kathy? I heard they are pregnant. That would never happen to me!"​ This thinking demonstrates which aspect of Piaget's formal operational stage?​

sense of invulnerability. ​