Introduction to Human Disease Chapter 7-9 Test #3
What is peristalsis?
Peristalsis are muscle contractions that propel food during the digestive tract.
What are plasma?
Plasma is the fluid portion of blood, water, sugar, fat, protein and salt.
tachypnea
Rapid breathing, abnormal breath sounds
Red blood cells normally survive in the circulation for about ________ days.
120
legionnaires disease
Caused by the bacterium, Legionella pneumophilia serious and potentially fatal.
What causes constipation?
Constipation is the inability to eliminate feces form colon and results when feces become hard and dry. Causes are: dehydration, poor habits of elimination and low-fiber diets.
What is picophagia. (pagophagia)
Craving and chewing ice (pagophagia) is often associated with iron deficiency anemia and also dirt.
What are leukocytes
Leukocytes are white blood cells. Their primary function is to defend tissues against infections and foreign substances.
What is hemophilia
Sex linked, inherited coagulation disorder caused by deficiency of clotting factors. Absence of several clotting factors.
What is sickle cell anemia
Sickle cell anemia is due to defective hemoglobin synthesis, and it is a genetically transmitted disorder.
_______________ is the first and most commonly done lung function test.
Spirometry
Enlargement of the spleen occurs in anemia caused by hemolysis.
T
Iron supplementation can be used to treat the most common form of anemia.
T
T/F The flu can be prevented by vaccine
T
The bronchial challenge test is used to detect and quantify airway hypersensitivity
T
Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of clotting factors.
T
Deficient synthesis of one or more of the alpha or beta chains of the hemoglobin molecule is characteristic of _______________.
Thalassemia
What is the duodenum and what occurs there?
The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine; receives digested material from the stomach.
What is a intrinsic factor
The intrinsic factor is a substance produced in the stomach that carries Vitamin B₁₂ to the small intestine, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream. This is essential for the absorption of vitamin B₁₂.
pleura
The lungs are encased by a double membrane consisting of two layers called pleura.
What is anemia of renal disease
This type of anemia is caused by the kidney's failure to produce adequate amounts of erythropoietin.
T/F Chemotherapy can be used to treat idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.
True
The depletion of platelets in disseminated intravascular coagulation is also known as a consumptive coagulopathy.
True
The diagnosis of anemia requires hematocrit and microscopic examination of blood in a peripheral blood smear.
True
The lungs are a common site for metastatic cancer
True
The production of red blood cells is regulated by a kidney hormone, called erythropoietin.
True
What are platelets
a small colorless disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting. Also called thrombocyte. (Clotting cells).
Two common and severe forms of thalassemia are______ and ________.
alpha, beta
The________ are thin-walled sacs surrounded by blood capillaries and are the site of gas exchange.
alveoli
Vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid deficiency both cause ________.
anemia
A condition in which the bronchial tubes in the lungs react to different stimuli by becoming inflamed is?
asthma
The trachea descends and branches into two primary?
bronchi
The main cause of lung cancer is _______________.
cigarette smoking
Numerous hairlike projections called _________ project from the surface of the pharynx and trachea.
cilia
Excessive and thick mucus is secreted in the inherited disease called_____________________.
cystic fibrosis
The leading cause of anemia worldwide is_________________.
iron-deficiency
Fill-ins White blood cells are called________.
leukocytes
What is the leading cause of cancer death among men and women?
lung
Fill-ins Chapter #8 The __________ test is used to treat for tuberculosis.
mantoux skin
Normal arterial blood gases should be high in_______ and low in _______________.
oxygen, carbon dioxide
The pathogenesis of disseminated intravascular coagulation involves the release of ________________ into the circulation, causing extensive coagulation followed by consumption of platelets clotting factors.
platelets
Thrombocytopenia is a disease in the circulating levels of ____________________.
platelets
The lungs are encased by a double membrane consisting of two layers called?
pleura
What is an infection in one or both lungs affecting primarily the alveoli?
pneumonia
What is a collection of air or gas in the chest or pleural space that causes part or all of a lung to collapse?
pneumothorax
A rise in red blood cell mass accompanied by an increase in white blood cells and platelets is known as________________.
polycythemia vera
In the vast majority of people, ____________ is the cause of emphysema.
smoking
The etiological agent of influenza is a?
virus
The most common cause of pharyngitis is a?
virus
The common cold and influenza are caused by_______.
viruses
Pernicious anemia is due to inadequate absorption of ____________________.
vitamin B₁₂
What is folic acid anemia?
Folic acid anemia is similar to pernicious anemia. Folic acid is found in citrus fruit and dark green leafy vegetables. Causes: Small intestine diseases such as Crohn's and Celiac disease. At risk are: Alcoholics, pregnant and lactating femaes and individuals with kidney disease on dialysis.
What is gastritis?
Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach caused by: irritants such as aspirin, excessive coffee, tobacco, alcohol, or infection.
What is hemoglobin?
Hemoglobin is the most important component of red blood cells. It is composed of a protein called globin and an iron-containing heme molecule. Chapter #7 page 124.
What is hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic anemia is a reduction in circulating RBC's accelerated destruction. Inherited abnormalities such as hemoglobin defects, enzyme defects, and membrane defects impair optimal red blood survival.
__________ is an X-linked recessive disorder that primarily affects males and results in a deficiency of clotting factor VIII.
Hemophilia A
_______________ is an autoimmune disorder resulting in the destruction of platelets.
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
bronchitis
Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the bronchi acute or chronic. Characteristics: excessive mucus production, chest pains, dyspnea, cough, fever and chills.
What is iron deficiency anemia?
Iron deficiency anemia describes anemia in which there is evidence or iron deficiency. The first stage in the development of iron deficiency anemia is a negative iron balance, in which the demands for iron exceed the ability to absorb iron from the diet. (What you had when you were pregnant with Anthony).
asthma
Is a condition in the bronchial tubes in the lungs react to certain stimuli by becoming inflamed. More than 25 million American suffer from asthma, including over 8% of adults and 9% of children.
emphysema
Is a long-term progressive obstructive lung disease in which the alveoli that promote oxygen exchange between the air and the bloodstream are destroyed. Characteristics:
What is ecchymosis
Hemorrhagic spots that develop on the skin and mucous membranes, causing discoloration.
What is anemia of chronic disease?
Anemia in patients with chronic disease is the result of chronic inflammatory, infectious autoimmune diseases.
What is anemia
Anemia is a condition of abnormally low number of red blood cells that leads to reduced delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. Chapter #7 page #125. Causes can include: hemorrhage, excessive destruction of rbc's, nutritional deficiency and chronic disease.
cystic fibrosis
Is an inherited disease affecting the exocrine glands of the lungs and pancreas, causing these glands to secret excessive thick mucus.
What is thrombocytopenia
Abnormally small # of platelets, impaired production or increased destruction of platelets
What is jaundice?
Jaundice is a yellow-orange discoloration of the skin, tissues, and the whites of the eyes caused when bilirubin (an orange pigment) accumulates in the plasma.
What is bile?
Bile is substance secreted by the liver and necessary for fat digestion: consists of water, bile salts, cholesterol and bilirubin.
What causes diarrhea?
Diarrhea is the frequent passage of unformed, watery stools that results when the contents of the small intestine are rushed into the large intestine. It is caused by: Anxiety and stress can trigger this increased motility of the large intestine.
dyspnea
Difficulty breathing, wheezing, cough-productive or non-productive
What are erythrocytes
Erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBC's) make up about 1/2 of the blood's volume. Red blood cells are the most abundant cells in the body.
Dyspnea is the coughing up of blood
F
The bronchioles are the site of gas exchange
F
There is a cure for the common cold
F
Von Willebrand's disease is a hereditary deficiency of vitamin K.
F
Hemoglobin is the most important component of white blood cells.
False
Laryngitis may be treated by removal of the tonsils
False
The bronchi branch into smaller and smaller tubules called alveoli
False
The common cold is easily treated with antibiotics
False
The incidence of tuberculosis is declining because of potent antibiotics
False
The symptoms of neutropenia are due to hypoxia.
False
Megaloblastic anemia
Megaloblastic anemias are caused by impaired DNA synthesis. Megaloblastic anemias tend to be large and contain an increased ratio of RNA to DNA.
bronchogenic carcinoma
Most common type of lung cancer, 28% of all cancer deaths. bronchiogenic: cancer originated in the bronchi. Characteristics: Difficulty breathing, persistent cough, weight loss and weakness and blood in sputum.
__________ is a reduction in circulating white blood cells that increases the risk for severe bacterial and fungal infections.
Neutropenia
What is Pernicious anemia
Pernicious anemia can be deadly and it can be inherited. It is an inadequate absorption of the intake of Vitamin B₁₂. It is also due to a deficiency in protein called an intrinsic factor. The result is anemia and a reduced oxygen-carrying capacity.
What are petechiae
Petechiae is a small red or purple spot caused by bleeding into the skin.
pleurisy
Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleural membranes that line the chest wall an encase each lung.
pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection in one or both lungs affecting primarily the alveoli.
What is polycythemia vera?
Polycythemia vera describes a condition in which red blood cell mass is increased. Relative or absolute. Relative: increased RBC mass by loss of volume through dehydration or diuretics. Absolute: increase in RBC's, WBC's and platelets. Chapter #7 page #129.
_____________ is a blockage in one or more arteries of the lungs.
Pulomonary embolism
A long-term progressive obstructive lung disease in which the alveoli that promote oxygen exchange between the air and the bloodstream are destroyed is called?
emphysema
In this respiratory disease, the alveolar walls break down, adjacent alveoli fuse, and the lungs lose their elasticity and surface area required normal gaseous exchange?
emphysema
Mature red blood cells are called____________.
erythrocytes
The kidneys produce____________ which stimulates erythrocyte production.
erythropoietin
In anemia of chronic disease and anemia of chronic renal failure, the defect in the synthesis of red blood cells is due to a lack of______________.
folic acid
Chapter #7 The oxygen-carrying component of red blood cells is_____________________.
hemoglobin
Sickle cell disease causes formation of _________ that forms cross-links and sickling of red blood cells.
hemoglobin
Disorders affecting the structure and function or production of hemoglobin are classified as____________.
hemoglobinopathy
