Introductory sociology

C. Federal bureau of investigation

All of the following are examples of voluntary associations EXCEPT the a. Republican Party b. League of women voters c. federal bureau of investigation d first baptist church of atlanta e. little league baseball

B. They significantly influence personality development.

All of the following are properties of primary groups EXCEPT? A. They are important sources of social support B. They significantly influence personality development. C. They significantly influence personality development. D They tend to be large in number. E. They are frequently characterized by face-to-face relationships.

E. adherence to traditional gender roles

All of the following characteristics are commonly attributed to postmodern culture except? A. moral relativism B. skepticism toward traditional authority C. growing tolerance of diversity D. loss of faith in absolutes E. adherence to traditional gender roles

A. objectification

An advertisement for men's cologne depicts a woman as a pair of legs. This is an example of A. objectification B. subjectification C. misrepresentation D. characterization E. minimization

B. eating a sandwich for lunch

An example of a folkway in American society is A. joining a religious cult B. eating a sandwich for lunch C. failing to pay income taxes on time D. Stopping for a red light E. being fined for jaywalking

A. cultural competence

As a nurse, Rex works to respect and fulfill the different values, beliefs, and behaviors of his patients. Which of the following is Rex practicing? A. cultural competence B. ethnocentrism C. alienation D. cultural lag E. assimilation

a disclaimer

"This may sound really strange, but.." The statement above is an example of?

A. is prone to coalition formation.

A characteristic of a triad is that it A. is prone to coalition formation. B. allows more power per member than a dyad C. is the smallest type of group D. can develop the strongest relationships E. has little impact on human behavior

C. An aggregate

A collection of people who happen to be walking down the street at the same time but who have nothing else in common is known as. A. A social movement B. A social category C. An aggregate D. A primary group E. A secondary group

A. structural assimilation

A school system that teaches children of different ethnic groups in the children's own language and about their own particular ethnic heritage illustrates policy of A. structural assimilation B. cultural assimilation C. protestants' desire for material luxuries D. increasing power of the nobility in medieval Europe E. Hindu belief in reincarnation

c. 120 males for every 100 females

A sex ratio of 120 means that in a population there are a. 120 more males than females b. 120 females than males c. 120 males for every 100 females d. 120 females for every 100 males e. 12% more males than females

C. Gender stratification

A society in which women have more wealth, privilege, and political power than men have is said to be experiencing which of the following? A. Gender equality B. Gender-role reversal C. Gender stratification D. Gender expectations E. Gender dissonance

E. Anomie

According to Emile Durkheim, a society that lacks clear-cut norms to govern aspirations and moral conduct is characterized by. A. rationalism B. altruism C. Egoism D. Secularism E. Anomie

B. Mechanical Solidarity

According to Emile Durkheim, the more homogeneous a group the greater its A. Organic Solidarity B. Mechanical Solidarity C. Functional differentiation D. Co-optation E. Stratification

C. rational-legal authority

According to max weber, authority derived fom the understanding that individuals have clearly defined rights and duties to uphold and that they implement rules and procedures impersonally is. A. traditional authority B. charismatic authority C. rational-legal authority D. coercion E. persuasion

A. Content analysis

According to sociological terminology, an analysis of the amount of violence in mass media, such as television shows, would be which of the following? A. Content analysis B. Secondary analysis C. Quasi-experiment D. Participant observation E . Ethnographic interview

D. economic

According to world-system theory the global system is primarily A. political B. military C. social D. economic E. cultural

B. Suburbs

Communities that form adjacent to central cities are called? A. Secondary groups B. Suburbs C. Neighborhoods D. Exurbs E. Development zones

C. a higher level of formal educational achievement

Compared to the US population in general, Asian Americans have. A. larger proportions of their populations in poverty B. lower median family incomes C. a higher level of formal educational achievement D. fewer ties to their family's coountry of origin E. a lower proportion of first-generation immigrants

D. the looking-glass self

Cooley called a person's self-conception based on the responses of others A. The divided self B. self-esteem C. the concrete operational stage D. the looking-glass self E. The "I" and "me"

E. cleans the dorm room in preparation for parent's weekend.

Impression management is exhibited by college student who? A. aces an exam after forgetting to study for it B. Anticipates graduating and getting a job C. expects to do well on an exam and ends up doing so. D. anticipates flunking a course and stops going to class E. cleans the dorm room in preparation for parent's weekend.

B. see others as a means of advancing their own individual goals

In Gesellschaft, people are more likely than in gemeinschaft to A. have frequent face-to-face contact wit those they know B. see others as a means of advancing their own individual goals C. be united by primary group bonds D. have altruistic concerns for others E. be tradition-directe

B. verbal ability

In general, females perform better than males do on tests of A. general intelligence B. verbal ability C. visual-spatial ability D. scientific information E. mathematics

A. Is based on abstract knowledge and body of specialized information

In order for an occupation to be considered a profession by a sociologist, it must be an occupation that. A. Is based on abstract knowledge and body of specialized information B. Has high public visibility in the community C. Requires training from a specialized school rather than from a university D. Serves government and industry as well as individuals E. Is a full-time position with a regular salary

B. Pink-collar

In the United States, semiskilled positions held primarily by women, such as waitperson, cashier, and receptionist, are known as which type of occupation? A. Blue-collar B. Pink-collar C. White-collar D. Nonpatriarchal E. Matriarchal

E. Declined among both African American people and Caucasian people, while remaining twice as high among African American people.

In the past 30 years, the infant mortality rate in the U.S. has A. Remained about the same as in other industrialized countries. B. Declined for African American people but not for Caucasian people. C. Declined among Caucasian people, while increasing among African American people D. Declined among Caucasian people, while remaining stable among African American people E. Declined among both African American people and Caucasian people, while remaining twice as high among African American people.

D. motivation

In the study of social class, a sociologist would be LEAST likely to focus on A. Power B. Social mobility C. Style of life D. motivation E. occupational status

A. growth in the gap between the rich and poor.

In the united states, economic growth between 1985 and 2005 resulted in A. growth in the gap between the rich and poor. B. a narrowing of the gap between the rich and poor C. no change in the gap between the rich and poor D. growth in the economic gap between men and women E. no change in the economic gap between men and women.

High-income countries build manufacturing plants in low-income countries to botain cheap labor.

In the world's economic system, which of the following is true about the relationship between high-income countries and low-income countries?

C. impression management

Joe is on trial for selling drugs. He looks very different from when he was arrested. He has washed, cut, and combed his hair, and is wearing a clean, conservative suit and tie at the trial. Joe is engaged in? A. dysfunctional behavior B. altruism C. impression management D. exchange E. anticipatory socialization

A. False consciousness

Ken works on an assembly line in a paper factory in the Midwestern United States. He believes that if he works hard enough, he will become very wealthy. According to Karl Marx, Ken's belief reflects which of the following? A. False consciousness B. Class consciousness C. Collective consciousness D. The caste system E. Rational choice

The experimental group

Laura is conducting an experiment to determine the effect of caffeine on wakefulness. She gives half of her subjects a caffeinated beverage to drink. These subjects are?

A. explain the subjective beliefs that motivate people to act

Max Weber's principle of verstehen was meant to A. explain the subjective beliefs that motivate people to act B. determine how society is dysfunctionally organized C. Focus on the inequality in society D. search for the social structures that fulfill people's needs E. Identify the patterns of exchange among individuals or groups

D. Status, class, power

Max Weber's three dimensions of social stratification are which of the following A. Class, politics, education B. Prestige politics, occupation C. Residence, occupation, religion D. Status, class, power E. status, religion, prestige

E. local property taxes

Most of the funding for public schools in the united states comes from A. Lottery revenues B. state income taxes C. local sales taxes D. Local income taxes E. local property taxes

B. role conflict

Mrs. Jones has a parent-teacher meeting scheduled at the school where she teaches. The meeting is scheduled at the same time as her daughter's piano recital. Mrs. Jones will have to decide how to juggle the contradictory expectations of teacher and parent. This situation is referred to as A. role strain B. role conflict C. Status conflict D. status set E. role set

B. Field research

Nathan wants to study the behavior of city residents as they travel on the subway to work every day. What type of research would be most appropriate for Nathan's research project? A. Experimental research B. Field research C. Content analysis D. secondary analysis E. Survey method

B. industrial

Raw materials are proccessed and converted into finished goods in which sector of the economy? A agricultural B. industrial C. public D. service E. information

Ascribed status

Sandra is a female, she is African American, and she is sixteen years of age. These three characteristics are examples of Sandra's?

E. Throughout the life cycle

Socialization takes place A. Only in childhood B. Mainly in adolescence C. Mainly in early adulthood D. Mainly through the reproductive years. E. Throughout the life cycle

E. girls are less likely than boys to receive attention from teachers.

Sociological studies of gender socialization show that. A. girls' games are more likely than boys' games to eoncourage assertive behaviors B. girls' games are more likely than boys' games to emphasize strict observance rules C. girls are ore likely than boys to learn to supporess emotions of sadness D. girls are more likely to engage in competitive play and boys in cooperative play E. girls are less likely than boys to receive attention from teachers.

D. Conflict

Some sociologist view the family as an economic unit that contributes to social injustice because it is the basis for transferring power, property, and privilege from one generation to the next, Which of the following perspectives best describes that view? A. interactionism B. exchange C. structural functionalist D. conflict E. rational choice

B. Intergenerational

Tamara worked as a waitress for five years after high school before she went to college. After college, Tamara got a job as a sales representative for a pharmaceutical company. This best exemplifies which of the following types of mobility? A. Intergenerational B. Intergenerational C. Unilateral D. Horizontal E. Structural

A. structural functionalist

The claim that the division of labor based on gender has survived because it is beneficial and efficient for human living is an example of A. structural functionalist B. conflict theory C. ethnomethodology D. symbolic interactionism E. phenomenology.

E. The barriers that limit career advancement for women

The concept of "glass ceiling" affecting women in the workforce is best illustrated by which of the following? A. The instability of female-dominated jobs B. The pay inequity between men and women for comparable jobs C. The breakdown of gender stereotypes in the job market. D. The instability of marriages for women who are successful in the workforce E. The barriers that limit career advancement for women

E. increased job security due to globalization

The economy of the postindustrial United States is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A. Computer-facilitated automation B. Relocation of manufacturing plants to less-developed countries C. international competition in the manufacturing sector of the economy D. increasing numbers of service compared to manufacturing jobs E. increased job security due to globalization

B. latent dysfunction of desegregation

The increase in prejudice that sometimes resulted from court-ordered desegregation in public schools is a A. manifest function of desegregation B. latent dysfunction of desegregation C. functinal alternative to desegregation D. secondary function of desegregation E. rational exchange for desegregation

C. desire to escape a state of continuous social conflict

The philosopher thomas hobbes believed that social order developed out of A. Recognition of the transcendent power of God B. biological need for humans to reproduce C. desire to escape a state of continuous social conflict D. discovery of agriculture E. reaction to the industrial revolution

A. ethnocentrism

The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture is called? A. ethnocentrism B. cultural relativism C. cultural integration D. transference E. multiculturalism

A. assimilation

The process by which an immigrant or an ethnic minority is absorbed socially into a receiving society is called.

Association

The process by which an individual learns how to live in his or her social surrounding is known as

E. Standard metropolitan statistical area

The term "SMSA" used in the united states census refers to a A. Summary of many small areas B. Statistical mean of sampling error C. Summary of metropolitan shopping areas D. Standard measure of suburban areas E. Standard metropolitan statistical area

B. Auguste Comte

The term "sociology" was coined by its founder, the 19th century positivist. A. Emile Durkheim B. Auguste Comte C. Max Weber D. Harriet Martineau E. George Herbert Mead

B. linking population changes to technological development

Demographic transition theory explains population changes by A. Connecting them exclusively to changes in the food supply. B. linking population changes to technological development C. focusing on the migration of people in and out of specified territories. D. tying population growth to changes in the sex ration E. referring to a culture's religious attitudes

Folkways

What are informal rules and norms that, while not offensive to violate, are expected to be followed

Mores

What are informal rules that are not written, but, when violated, result in severe punishments and social sanction upon the individuals, such as social and religious exclusions

Rationalism

What is a belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response.

alturism

What is the belief in or practice of disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others.

empiricism

What is the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience?

C. Culture

Which of the following allows human beings to adapt to diverse physical environments? A. Instinct B. Heredity C. Culture D. Stratification E. Ethnocentrism

B. conflict

Which of the following approaches to stratification is most likely to suggest that, as a society becomes more stratified, it prevents the talents of those at the bottom from being known or used and thus potentially fails to benefit from the contribution of all its members. A. Interactionism B. conflict C. Postmodernist D. Demographic E. Structural

B. Conflict

Which of the following approaches to stratification is most likely to suggest that, as a society becomes more stratified, it prevents the talents of those at the bottom from being known or used and thus potentially fails to benefit from the contributions of all its members? A. Interactionist B. Conflict C. Postmodernist D. Demographic E. Structural functionalist

D. II and III only

Which of the following can properly be considered norms? I. Laws II Folkways III Mores A. I only B. III only C I and II only D II and III only E I,II, and III

C. The definition of the act as criminal by a political entity

Which of the following distinguishes a crime from a deviant act? A. The degree of harm caused by the act B. The number of people who disapprove of the act C. The definition of the act as criminal by a political entity D. The social status of the person who committed the act E. The Social status of the person who is harmed by the act

E. They were most influential during the twentieth century.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the Chicago School of Sociology? A. They studied urban neighborhoods in the city of chicago B. They were influenced by Herbert Spencer and Frederic Clements. C. They used ethnography and field methods in their research. D. Talcott Parsons was a proponent of the school. E. They were most influential during the twentieth century.

D. Danisha receives a new car from her parents when she scores 2300 on the SAT

Which of the following is an example of an informal positive sanction? A. Marguerite receives a bronze medal for gymnastics at the Olympics B. Hank is awarded a high school diploma by the school board. C. Halle receives a million dollars for her performance in a movie. D. Danisha receives a new car from her parents when she scores 2300 on the SAT E. William is sentenced to one year of community service and $5,000 fine for shoplifting.

C. social institution

Which of the following is best described as an organized sphere of social life, or societal subsytem, designed to support important values and to meet human needs? A. social structure B. social organization C. social institution D. Social culture E. Economic corporation

B. it is influenced by another variable

Which of the following is true of a dependent variable? A. it is spurious B. it is influenced by another variable C. it is manipulated D. it causes other variables to increase. E. it is used to draw a sample from a population

C. They have frequently held polygyny as the societal ideal, although this pattern was primarily by the most wealthy and powerful.

Which of the following is true of social norms for the structure of marriage? A. They have consistently required monogamy across all periods of history and cross-culturally around the globe. B. They have favored polyandry in those societies wanting to increase their birth rate. C. They have frequently held polygyny as the societal ideal, although this pattern was primarily by the most wealthy and powerful. D. They have no impact in democratic societies, since democracies allow individuals to choose their own form of marriage. E. They are based on the ideal of gender equality.

D. Survey Research

Which of the following relies most heavily on sampling methods? A. Small group experiment B. Laboratory experiment C. Participant observation D. Survey research E. Case study

E. W.E.B. Du Bois

Which of the following sociologists asserted that race is the most serious problem in the U.S. A. Karl Marx B. Max Weber C. Harriet Martineau D. Jane Addams E. W.E.B. Du Bois

A. Assimilation

Which of the following stages of racial-ethnic relations is best exemplified by the 2008 election of President Barack Obama? A. Assimilation B. Cultural transmission C. Internal colonialism D. Accommodation E. Segregation

C. It is a form of social organization in which males control most formal and informal power.

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding patriarchy? A. It is a form of political organization in which the state assumes paternal responsibility for citizens. B. It is a form of social organization in which one's kinship lineage is traced through the family of the mother. C. It is a form of social organization in which males control most formal and informal power. D. It is found only in those societies that practice polyandry E. It is not found in those societies that practice polygyny.

C. It is a form of social organization in which males control most formal and informal power.

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding patriarchy? A. It is a form of political organization in which the state assumes paternal responsibility for citizens. B. It is a form of social organization in which one's kinship lineage is traced through the family of the mother. C. It is a form of social organization in which males control most formal and informal power. D. It is found only in those societies that practice polyandry. E. It is not found in those societies that practice polygyny

E. Metaphysics

Which of the following terms refers to a philosophical system under which knowledge of the world and human behavior is derived from scientific observation in search of universal laws? A. Theology B. Determinism C. Positivism D. Phenomenology E. Metaphysics

E. latent dysfunction

Which of the following terms refers to something that has an unexpected detrimental effect on social institutions or society? A. Secret function B. manifest function C. manifest dysfunction D. latent function E. latent dysfunction

Karl Marx

Which of the following theorists argued that class conflict was inevitable in a capitalistic society and would result in revolution? A. Wright Mills B. Karl Marx C. Robert Park D. Max Weber

C. hunting and gathering

Which of the following types of societies is least differentiated? A. horticultural B. pastoral C. hunting and gathering D. agricultural E. industrial

D. a total institution

Which of the following would most likely be an agent of involuntary re-socialization? A. Mass media B. an institution of higher learning C. a peer group D. a total institution E. The family

B. Voter turnout in the US is lower than in most European nations

Which statement about political participation in the united states is true? A. Almost everyone of voting age in the united states is registered to vote. B. Voter turnout in the US is lower than in most European nations C. Voter turnout has increaed substantially in the last twenty years. D. people of higher social class tend to participate less in voting than lower social classes. E. Younger adults are more likely to vote than those over 65.

C. Merton's strain theory

Which theory assumes that deviance occurs among individuals who are blacked from achieving socially approved goals by legitimate means? A. Hirschi's social control theory B. Labeling theory C. Merton's strain theory D. Differential association theory E. Cultural transmission theory

B. Empiricism and reason

Within the scientific perspective, which of the following are the most important sources of knowledge? A. Common sense and tradition B. Empiricism and reason C. Authority and structure D. Paradigms and intuition E. Existentialism and reference groups

Economic production

industrialization is most likely to reduce the importance of which of the following functions of the family

Gesellschaft

social relations based on impersonal ties, as duty to a society or organization.

Gemeinschaft

social relations between individuals, based on close personal and family ties; community.

secularism

the principle of separation of the state from religious institutions.

Laws

what are the system of rules that a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and may enforce by the imposition of penalties.

Socialization of an individual

what is a continuing process whereby an individual acquires a personal identity and learns the norms, values, behavior, and social skills appropriate to his or her social position.

egoism

what is an ethical theory that treats self-interest as the foundation of morality.