IP Addressing

The Benefits of and Uses for IPv6

IPSec - IPSec—a feature that provides end-to-end security. Mobility - it allows a device to roam from one network to another without dropping connections. An IPv6 address is actually 128 bits in length,

IPv4 Address Types

Layer 2 broadcasts These are sent to all nodes on a LAN. Broadcasts (Layer 3) These are sent to all nodes on the network. Unicast This is an address for a single interface, and these are used to send packets to a single destination host. Multicast These are packets sent from a single source and transmitted to many devices on different networks. Referred to as one-to-many.

(NAT),

Network Address Translation

IPv6 address example

2001:0db8:3c4d:0012:0000:0000:1234:56ab ---------------------I I--------------------------------- Global Prefix Subnet interface ID

how to figure out the valid host IDs in a Class A network

All host bits off is the network address: 10.0.0.0. All host bits on is the broadcast address: 10.255.255.255. The valid hosts are the numbers in between the network address and the broadcast address: 10.0.0.1 through 10.255.255.254

how to find a valid host ID in a Class C network

All host bits turned off is the network ID: 192.168.100.0. All host bits turned on is the broadcast address: 192.168.100.255 The valid hosts would be the numbers in between the network address and the broadcast address: 192.168.100.1 through 192.168.100.254.

how to find the valid hosts in a Class B network

All host bits turned off is the network address: 172.16.0.0. All host bits turned on is the broadcast address: 172.16.255.255. The valid hosts would be the numbers in between the network address and the broadcast address: 172.16.0.1 through 172.16.255.254.

Octet

An octet, made up of 8 bits, is just an ordinary 8-bit binary number

Broadcast address

The broadcast address is used by applications and hosts to send information to all hosts on a network.

Class C Addresses

The first 3 bytes of a Class C network address are dedicated to the network portion of the address, with only 1 measly byte remaining for the host address., FORMAT: network.network.network.host

Network address

This is the designation used in routing to send packets to a remote network—for example, 10.0.0.0, 172.16.0.0, and 192.168.10.0.

IP address

a numeric identifier assigned to each machine on an IP network. It designates the specific location of a device on the network.

Anycast

an anycast address identifies multiple interfaces, but there's a big difference: The anycast packet is delivered to only one address—actually, to the first IPv6 address it finds defined in terms of routing distance.

Shortened Expression

http://[2001:0db8:3c4d:0012:0000:0000:1234:56ab]/default.htm---> you can drop any leading zeros in each of the individual blocks 2001:db8:3c4d:12:0:0:1234:56ab you can remove the two blocks of zeros by replacing them with double colons 2001:db8:3c4d:12::1234:56ab

Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)

is the latest version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet

Class B Addresses

the first 2 bytes are assigned to the network address and the remaining 2 bytes are used for host addresses.. FORMAT: network.network.host.host

Special Addresses

0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 Equals ::. This is the equivalent of IPv4's 0.0.0.0 and is typically the source address of a host when you're using stateful configuration (DHCP). 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 Equals ::1. The equivalent of 127.0.0.1 in IPv4. 0:0:0:0:0:0:192.168.100.1 This is how an IPv4 address would be written in a mixed IPv6/ IPv4 network environment. 2000::/3 The global unicast address range. FC00::/7 The unique local unicast range. FE80::/10 The link-local unicast range. FF00::/8 The multicast range. 3FFF:FFFF::/32 Reserved for examples and documentation. 2001:0DB8::/32 Also reserved for examples and documentation. 2002::/16 Used with 6to4, which is the transition system—the structure that allows IPv6 packets to be transmitted over an IPv4 network without the need to configure explicit tunnels.

Bit

A bit is one digit, either a 1 or a 0.

Reserved IP address space

Class A 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255 Class B 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255 Class C 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255

Exam Essentials

the Class A range. The IP range for a Class A network is 1 through 126. This provides 8 bits of network addressing and 24 bits of host addressing by default. the Class B range. The IP range for a Class B network is 128 through 191. Class B addressing provides 16 bits of network addressing and 16 bits of host addressing by default. the Class C range. The IP range for a Class C network is 192 through 223. Class C addressing provides 24 bits of network addressing and 8 bits of host addressing by default. the Private IP ranges. The Class A private address range is 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255. The Class B private address range is 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255. The Class C private address range is 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255. Remember the APIPA range. The IP address range for APIPA is 169.254.0.1 through 169.254.255.254. The client also configures itself with a default class B subnet mask of 255.255.0.0. Understand why we need IPv6. Without IPv6, the world would soon be depleted of IP addresses. Understand link-local. Link-local is like an IPv4 private IP address, but it can't be routed at all, not even in your organization . Understand unique local. This, like link-local, is like a private IP address in IPv4 and cannot be routed to the Internet. However, the difference between link-local and unique local is that unique local can be routed within your organization or company. Remember IPv6 addressing. IPv6 addressing is not like IPv4 addressing. IPv6 addressing has much more address space and is 128 bits long, represented in hexadecimal, unlike IPv4, which is only 32 bits long and represented in decimals.

Class A Addresses

the first byte is assigned to the network address, and the three remaining bytes are used for the host addresses. FORMAT: network.host.host.host