IR Midterm 1
(Q011) The three levels of analysis in the study of international relations are
individual, state, and system.
(Q004) A foundation of liberalism is that humans are
rational and social beings.
(Q009) Which model of foreign policy making focuses on a government's attempts to maximize its strategic objectives?
rational model
(Q018) Which theoretical perspective places least importance on the individual level of analysis?
realism
(Q022) In seeking to explain the 2014 Russia-Ukraine conflict, a ________ would highlight Russia's security concerns about the encroachment of the West into its sphere of influence.
realist
(Q003) The authority of a state to govern matters within its own borders free from external interference is known as
sovereignty.
(Q013) An individual can alter the course of events under certain external conditions. Which of the following circumstances correctly captures when an individual is more likely to have a great impact on a country?
when an individual leader is faced with an economic crisis
(Q020) The credibility of a commitment depends on a state's
willingness and ability to carry it out.
(Q014) __________ is the annexation of distant territory and its inhabitants to an empire.
Imperialism
(Q005) At the height of colonialism, __________ was one of the only Asian countries that was not under direct European or U.S. influence.
Japan
(Q021) In the early 1900s, __________, a non-European power, defeated Russia, a European power, in a war.
Japan
(Q006) __________ believe that diplomacy can succeed without the use of economic statecraft or force.
Liberals
(Q025) Which of the following is true of transnational movements?
They can sometimes pose a direct threat to the state.
(Q008) Which country refused to join the League of Nations?
United States
(Q015) A relatively integrated set of images formed by perceptions is known as a(n)
belief system.
(Q018) What differentiates liberalism and neoliberal institutionalism?
beliefs about what causes states to cooperate
(Q012) Which of the foreign policy decision-making models highlights the importance of a country's strategic culture?
constructivist model
(Q017) In the nineteenth century, under the balance-of-power system, states formed alliances on what basis?
counteracting powerful factions
(Q003) Theories that treat the state as a unitary actor argue that
a state chooses its own actions based on its preferences.
(Q021) The fact that the spontaneous movement of people from Vietnam, Cuba, and Haiti led to changes in U.S. immigration policy is an example of
mass action.
(Q010) Realists argue that power is determined primarily by
military power.
(Q005) Coordination among several states is known as
multilateralism
(Q023) Dependency theorists attribute primary importance to the role of __________ in exerting control over developing states.
multinational corporations
(Q002) A group of people who share a common history, language, and lifestyle is known as a(n)
nation.
(Q012) Which theory focuses on economic class conflict to explain state behavior?
radicalism
(Q001) An assemblage of units united by some form of regular interaction is called a(n)
system
(Q001) What are the essential conditions for an entity to be called a state?
territorial base, stable population, allegiance of people, and diplomatic recognition
(Q002) What is an example of a bipolar period in world history?
the Cold War
(Q025) When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990,
the Soviet Union/Russia supported a military UN mission to remove Iraq from Kuwait.
(Q004) Neoliberal institutionalists and neorealists agree that the international system is __________ in nature but disagree on the potential for __________ outcomes.
anarchic; cooperative
(Q006) Which of the following is considered an international institution by IR scholars?
both the Law of the Sea Treaty and the United Nations
Q019) Which foreign policy model emphasizes how standard operating procedures and processes affect decisions?
bureaucratic/organizational
(Q021) The __________ model focuses on actors that occupy key positions in government, whereas the __________ model focuses on actors that occupy key positions both inside and outside government. Correct!
bureaucratic/organizational; pluralist
(Q009) According to realists, how does a focus on relative gains influence the possibilities for cooperation? Correct!
States are reluctant to cooperate even for mutual gain, because their partners may benefit more.
(Q007) Which of the following statements was most likely made by a realists?
States manage insecurity by building up military strength or making alliances.
(Q023) In 2014, the Russian Federation invaded
Ukraine
(Q008) Realists argue that states' interests are defined in terms of
a desire to gain power.
Q020) Realism and liberalism are similar in that they both
assume that actors are basically rational.
(Q012) Which of the following are examples of intangible sources of power?
ational image and public support
(Q021) The central theoretical tenet of constructivism is
neither state nor international community interests are predetermined or fixed.
(Q001) Liberalism posits that cooperation between states is
possible.
(Q004) Diplomacy that involves individuals that are not directly linked to the government participating in international negotiations is known as
track-two diplomacy.
(Q016) Constructivists like Alexander Wendt argue that material structures, on their own, explain
very little.
(Q003) According to realists, __________ is most often responsible for changes in power relationships among states.
war
(Q024) Some feminist theorists argue that
women have been absent from international politics.
(Q007) Napoleon's army was defeated after invading which country?
Russia
(Q020) In the balance of power in Europe following the Napoleonic Wars, which state played the role of "builder of alliances"?
Russia
(Q016) The tendency for individuals to accept information that is compatible with what has previously been accepted while discounting other information is known as
cognitive consistency.
(Q006) When a people come to identify with a common past, language, customs, and practices, it is termed
nationalism
(Q013) When Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935, the League of Nations
placed sanctions on Italy, but those sanctions were not enforced.
(Q007) An example of negative sanctions is
placing an arms embargo on a target state.
Q005) Which statement best explains how neoliberal institutionalists explain state cooperation?
International institutions provide the structure necessary to facilitate cooperation, but do not necessarily guarantee that states will cooperate.
(Q024) In which countries did the Islamic State control large swaths of territory at the height of its power in 2016?
Iraq and Syria
(Q012) The settling of people from a home country among indigenous peoples of a distant territory is known as
colonialism
(Q023) A threat to use force to try to get another state to do something is known as
compellence
(Q006) Constructivists characterize the national interest as
constantly changing.
(Q017) Which perspective puts significant weight on the importance of norms and ideas?
constructivism
(Q025) In seeking to explain the 2014 Russia-Ukraine conflict, a __________ would highlight Putin's framing of the threat posed by the West when addressing the people.
constructivist
(Q018) The strategic idea held during the Cold War that aimed to protect the status quo from further Soviet expansion is known as
containment
(Q011) Democratic peace theorists argue that
democracies are less likely to fight other democracies, but are neither more nor less likely to fight other types of states.
(Q016) A realist explanation for the democratic peace is that
democracies often share alliances.
(Q008) A strategy that involves a commitment by one state to punish another state if it takes an undesired action is known as
deterrence
(Q024) The idea that a threat of punishment can keep another state from taking an undesirable action is known as
deterrence
(Q015) A state that fails to perform one of a state's vital functions is known as a(n)
fragile state.
(Q013) Several liberal theorists believe that __________ can help prevent war.
free trade
(Q009) One idea that emerged after the American and French revolutions was that
government legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed.
(Q002) A specific statement positing a particular relationship between two or more variables is known as a
hypothesis
(Q010) Soft power refers to the ability to
influence others by example.
(Q004) The idea that political power ultimately rests with the people is a core part of the concept of
legitimacy.
(Q007) Which of the following perspectives view states as pluralist arenas used to oversee the competition of various governmental and societal interests?
liberalism
(Q010) The bureaucratic/organizational and pluralist models of decision making stem from which theoretical perspective?
liberalism
(Q015) According to Jean Bodin, sovereignty is not without limits. Which of the following can limit a leader's practice of sovereignty?
natural law
(Q018) Trade limits against South Africa are an example of
negative sanctions.
(Q019) Collective expectations for the proper behavior of actors with a given identity are known as
norms
(Q014) According to Margaret Hermann's typology, a(n) __________ leader is one who has a low level of nationalism, has little belief in his or her ability to control events, and wants to maintain friendly relationships with others.
participatory
(Q015) Offensive realists argue that
periodically fighting a war can intimidate potential rivals into bandwagoning.
(Q011) Which model of decision making focuses on the role of societal interests?
pluralist model
(Q022) The nationalist reaction to economic and political globalization that became prominent in the mid-2010s is known as
populism
(Q008) The ability to influence an outcome that would not have otherwise occurred is known as
power
(Q009) Geographic size and location, population and natural resources are all sources of __________ and reflect the __________ of a state.
power; power potential
(Q014) The attempt to enhance a country's overall image to achieve its diplomatic objectives is known as
public diplomacy.
(Q016) The idea behind the balance of power is that
states are less likely to go to war when their power is relatively symmetrical to that of their adversaries.
(Q002) The Treaties of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War (1618-48). Which of the following resulted from this experience?
the notion of sovereignty
(Q001) What does the period immediately following the Treaties of Westphalia represent to the study of international relations?
the rise of secular authority
(Q022) Groups of people from different states that share a set of beliefs and work together to change the status quo are known as
transnational movements.
(Q013) Which of the following concepts highlights the importance of negotiations between a negotiator and domestic constituencies as well as negotiations between states for understanding foreign policy?
two-level game
(Q014) According to radical theorists, which of the following reasons leads rich, capitalist states toward imperial expansion?
underconsumption by the lower class
(Q017) Individual leaders in power often evaluate the current world by the lessons they have learned from the past. This is known as
using an evoked set.
(Q017) Which of the following is an effect that has stemmed from globalization?
It has challenged the state as the primary actor in international affairs.
(Q011) Which countries made up the Concert of Europe in the nineteenth century?
Austria, Britain, France, Prussia, and Russia
(Q020) Recent mass actions have led to significant government change in all of the following cases except
China
(Q019) During the Cold War, the alliance between the United States and the Western European powers was known as the __________ and the alliance between the Soviet Union and east European powers was known as the __________.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Warsaw Pact
(Q019) In instances of groupthink, what tends to occur when new information unfolds that challenges a group's initial beliefs?
Pressure is placed on dissenters to conform to beliefs.
(Q005) Which of the following makes a country a nation-state?
There is congruence between state and nation.
(Q003) Which statement best captures the difference between a state and a nation?
A nation is a sense of cultural belonging that can exist without affiliation to a particular state.
Q010) The Congress of Berlin in 1855 divided __________ between the major powers.
Africa