Irish History

1995

"Celtic Tiger" begins

2008

"Celtic Tiger" ends

Book of Invasions

12th century text, collection of texts by various authors from different centuries together they piece a history of the invasions of Ireland. Draws on Myth, legends, genealogies, and Biblical Story

What was the Battle of the Boyne?

A pivotal battle in the Glorious Revolution in which the forces of William of Orange defeated the Jacobites. Commemorated among certain British protestants in the North who see the battles as a major event in their heritage.

1801

Act of Union-- Ireland loses its parliament and Home Rule.

What did St. Patrick's Mission entail?

Although Christians were already present in the country, the appointment of St. Patrick as the bishop allowed the pre-existing Celtic society to flourish in new methods of written language, arts, education.

1919-1922

Anglo-Irish War followed by the Irish Civil War; the Irish Free State established; Northern Ireland established.

1601/1602

Battle of Kinsale, O'Neill's submission, and the downfall and end of the Gaelic lordships and the end of the old Irish world.

1969

Battle of the Bogside; Modern Troubles begin

1998

Belfast (or Good Friday) Agreement signed

Florence O'Sullivan

Came to Charleston in 1670 and brought 6 indentured servants with him. He was an officer in the Militia, named surveyor (decided who got what land), guard of the harbor and lived on the island known as Sullivan's Island.

April 13, 1847

Catholic Emancipation-- most of the penal laws were repealed. Daniel O'Connell created the Catholic Association.

1-500 CE

Celtic Cultural Invasion

1649

Cromwell arrived in Dublin, land was dispersed, and protestant class heightened. remembered for his cruelty.

1892

Death of Parnell and hopes for Home Rule. Douglas Hyde publishes "On the Necessity for De-Anglicizing Ireland," which marks the start of the cultural nationalist movement.

Michael Cusack

Driving force behind the establishment of the GAA. He was poor but he excelled in school.

1916

Easter Rising

Mary Robinson

Elected President of the Republic in 1990.

Fine Gael/ Fianna Fail

FG: Michael Collins founded, liberal-conservative FF: is a republican centrist to centre-right and conservative political party in the Republic of Ireland. It was founded as an Irish republican party on 23 March 1926 after a split in Sinn Féin on the issue of abstentionism.

1932

Fianna Fail and Eamon De Valera elected into office

Gaelic League

Founded in 1893 by Hyde and MacNeill. It's dream was to keep Irish Alive where it was still spoken and restore Irish as the spoken language of the country. Hyde believed that throwing away their native language and customs they were throwing away the best claim that had to recognize themselves as a separate state.

Gaelic Football

Gaelic football is one of the few remaining strictly amateur sports in the world.

Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB)

Have been known as the Fenians, founded in Dublin, They believed that Britain would never give independence except to physical force. They prepared a secret military organisation.

John Kennedy

He illustrated that the Irish had been mainstreamed in to US culture.

What did King Henry VIII do?

He started the process of Anglicization.

Simon Felix Gallagher

He was a well liked priest because he drank with anyone and the French Catholic kinda exiled him to Jackson, Mississippi.

1973

Ireland joins the European Union and begins receiving investments in infrastructure and education.

European Union

Irish people to join what was then the European Economic Community(EEC) in 1973.

Divorce Amendment Bill

It was rejected, In response to the Anti-Divorce Campaign.

Tuatha da Danaan

Known as the Tribe of the gods, Fairy like reduced to human stature, saved Ireland from the Fomorians (the magical pirate race)

Lock out of 1913

Larkin wanted to Improve the working class's working conditions and Murphy (Employers' leader) organised 400 employers to lock out workers who were members of Larkin's Union. lasted over eight months. Neither side won.

Milesians

Led by Mil Espaine, Mil means "soldier of Spain," Mortal ancestors of the Gaels, They defeat the Tuatha da Danaan and Found Tara

Performance

Like in the Bed and Breakfast, the people of the house are preforming like they are your parents, that you are part of their family. Like you are the long lost child.

New Irish

Not permanent US residents (they want to go back to Ireland), They emigrated from Ireland because of the Potato Blight. They do not identify with American-born Irish. 50-100K are mostly undocumented.

IRA

Part of the Sinn Fein and They were the militant side. They were freedom fighters.

Bishop Lynch

Patrick Lynch was a catholic bishop that did not believe in Slavery but ended up an owner of over 100 slaves.

1690's

Penal Laws are enacted. they prevent Roman Catholics from entering almost any official position of power within Ireland. The laws are meant to keep Protestants in power.

John Rutledge

Signed the constitution and he was a lawyer

432

St. Patrick's Mission.

Bloody Sunday

Takes place in Derry, they were marching for the people that were in interment, it was peaceful. British troops came in and shot 26 men and killed 14 others. They just came in and started shooting. This revitalizes the IRA.

1956-1966

Taoiseach (Prime Minster) Sean Lemass begins to modernize Irish economy.

1690

The Battle of the Boyne

1798

The Irish Rebellion-- Irish strike back inspired by the USA and French. France gives support to win.

1609

The Plantation of Ulster-- Systematic partitioning of land in the northern province. Taking away from the Native Gaels and giving it to British settlers.

1845-1847

The Potato Blight, the Second Blight comes to Ireland in 1846. The laissez- Faire Policy prevents government from providing aid to the people of Ireland during the crisis. Starving citizens fled Ireland (mass emigration to US, Canada, and Liverpool) , when the English government left the Irish Poor Law held responsible for the famine.

What was the Tudor Conquest?

The Tudor dynasty were the first English rulers to truly rule as unopposed kings/queens of Ireland. King Henry the 7th was the last to be called the Lord of Ireland. King Henry 8th was the King of Ireland. Queen Elizabeth I sealed England's control over Ireland.

1014

The battle at Clontarf which marks the end of the viking wars. Defeat of Mael Morda mac Murchada and viking forces by the armies of Brian Boru marks the decline of viking power in Ireland. Important because it ends a lot of the stress occurring due to the viking attacks.

1166

The first Normans arrive.

1937

The new constitution comes into effect-- severs last ties with England

What about the Normans?

They were more reluctant to intermarry and adopt the Gaelic way of life. Tensions rose between the 1st class citizens (the Normans) and the second class (the Gaels).

Social Democratic Labour Party (SDLP)

They were nonviolent movement, nationalists, they were like MLK

Rugby

Traditionally English, Rule 42 If you played rugby you couldn't be in the GAA. In 1972, Rugby was able to be played in Crowpark. They have two anthems.

Main-streaming Irish Catholics

Trying to unghettoize themselves. They show that were useful to the American public and that they deserved to be here. They were catholic, democrats, worked in service professions

1534-1603

Tudor Conquest

795

Viking Raids. Brought new culture and battles. The vikings ran raids on agricultural Ireland

John Grace, Joe Riley, John Tecklenburg

Were mayors of Charleston.

Literary revival

William B. Yeats, Non-political movement, The vision was for poets, dramatists, and writers to cater for the intellectual, and distinct from the material, needs of Ireland. He wanted to preserve their nationality.

Irish Sexual Prudery/ Constructing Women's Sexuality

Women were repressed, even a woman that was married and pregnant had to be hidden from her younger siblings because they didn't want to give them ideas. The Catholic church used the famine as propaganda for their sins. Influence of Catholicism on Government.

1902

Yeats and Lady Gregory publish Cathleen ni Hoolihan

Cultural Memory

archive of symbols, images, and stereotypes that members of a given culture draw upon and reactivate when circumstances warrant

The "Troubles"

conflict in Northern Ireland during the late 20th century, Catholics still treated as second class citizens, wanted equality for UK

What did the Plantation of Ulster establish?

established a demographic pattern of a protestant majority.

Ian Paisley/ DUP

he founded the Democratic Unionist Party, has historically strong links to Protestant churches, as traditionally been regarded as the more Ulster loyalist of the two large unionist parties.

Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA)

is an Irish and international amateur sporting and cultural organisation, focused primarily on promoting Gaelic games. Gaelic football and hurling are the most popular activities promoted by the organisation. to formulate a plan and establish an organisation to foster and preserve Ireland's unique games and athletic pastimes.

Hurling

is an outdoor team game of ancient Gaelic and Irish origin, administered by the Gaelic Athletic Association. One of Ireland's native Gaelic games, it shares a number of features with Gaelic football. No protective padding is worn by players.

European Community

is one of the three pillars of the European Union (EU). The pillars represent the three different areas of cooperation within the union. --is the first pillar and represents supranational cooperation.

Celtic Cultural Invasion

is the culture most commonly associated with traditional Ireland. It was more of a cultural invasion. This included Le Tene artwork and the language that evolved that we now know as Irish.

Internment

men and women suspected of being terrorists were detained indeterminately without a trial, 2400 people were held without charge

Sinn Fein

started as an idea then became a movement of passive resistance, Means we ourselves, they wanted to go back to the constitutional thinking to push legislature. Republican Party.

Diaspora

the Irish living outside of Ireland. People that possess a collective memory and myth about the homeland and an idealization of the supposed ancestral home. "we are wandering."

Ethnicity

the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition.

Liminal Space

the threshold experience, inbetweeness of two sets of destinations.

Northern Ireland Civil Rights Organization

this represented the Catholic minority and did not challenge the existence of Northern Ireland State but demanded merely the ending of abuse within it.

Ulster Special Constabulary (and B-Specials)

was a quasi-military reserve Special constable police force in Northern Ireland. It was set up in October 1920

Easter Rebellion of 1916

was an armed insurrection in Ireland during Easter week. launched by Irish republicans to end British rule in Ireland and establish an independent Irish Republic while the United Kingdom was heavily engaged in World War I. IRB, Irish Volunteers, Citizen Army. This was in response to the Home Rule being tabled until the end of WWI.