IS 2241 Chapter 2
The two greatest challenges for e-commerce are
(1) developing fast, secure, and reliable payment methods for purchased goods and (2) providing convenient ways to submit required information such as mailing addresses and credit card information.
While text messaging was originally limited to characters, you can now send images, video, and sound using a variation of SMS known as MMS _____________ ________________ ________________
(Multimedia Messaging Service)
The most common way to access the Internet is through an
Internet service provider (ISP).
Uploading
Use file transfer utility software to copy files from your computer to another computer on the Internet.
Webcasts
Use streaming technology in which audio and video files are continuously downloaded to your computer while you are listening to and/or viewing the file content. After a webcast has been completed, there are no files remaining on your computer. Webcasts typically broadcast live events.
Two of the most critical factors determining the efficiency of cloud computing are
-(1) the speed and reliability of the user's access to the Internet and -(2) the Internet's capability to provide safe and reliable transmission of data and programs.
.gov
government
.org
organization
Wiki
A website specially designed to allow visitors to use their browser to add, edit, or delete the site's content. "Wiki" comes from the Hawaiian word for fast, which describes the simplicity of editing and publishing through wiki software. Wikis support collaborative writing in which there isn't a single expert author, but rather a community of interested people that builds knowledge over time. Perhaps the most famous example is Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia, written and edited by anyone who wants to contribute, that has millions of entries in over 20 languages
Filters
Block access to selected sites
Web 1.0
Focused on linking existing information. In this generation search programs, like Google Search, were created to provide links to websites containing specific words or phrases.
Searching
For information has never been more convenient. You can access some of the world's largest libraries directly from your home computer. You can find the latest local, national, and international news.
The browser interprets the HTML formatting instructions and displays the document as a ______ ______
web page
For browsers to connect to resources, the ___________ or __________ of the resources must be specified. These addresses are called ________ _________ ________(URLs). All URLs have at least two basic parts.
-Location or address -Uniform resource locators
Internet security suites
Enhance security and privacy.
The internet is what kind of network?
-The physical network -Made up of wires, cables, satellites, and rules for exchanging information between computers connected to the network
Internet service provider (ISP)
-The providers are already connected to the Internet and provide a path or connection for individuals to access the Internet. -The most widely used commercial Internet service providers use telephone lines, cable, and/or wireless connections. Some of the best-known providers in the United States are AT&T, Comcast, Sprint, T-Mobile, and Verizon. -Users connect to ISPs using one of a variety of connection technologies including DSL, cable, and wireless modems.
Internet security suite
A collection of utility programs designed to maintain your security and privacy while you are on the web. These programs control spam, protect against computer viruses, provide filters, and much more. You could buy each program separately; however, the cost of the suite is typically much less. Two of the best-known Internet security suites are McAfee's Internet Security and Symantec's Norton Internet Security.
JavaScript
A language often used within HTML documents to trigger interactive features, such as opening new browser windows and checking information entered in online forms. The Microsoft search engine Bing.com uses JavaScript to make its website more interactive and to assist its users by auto-filling search requests as they type content into the search box.
Internet
A large network that connects together smaller networks all over the globe
Electronic commerce
Also known as e-commerce, is the buying and selling of goods over the Internet. Electronic commerce is fast-growing and widely used in part because it provides incentives for both buyers and sellers. From the buyer's perspective, goods and services can be purchased at any time of day or night from any location that has an Internet connection. From the seller's perspective, the costs associated with owning and operating a retail outlet can be eliminated. Another advantage is reduced inventory. Traditional stores maintain an inventory of goods in their stores and periodically replenish this inventory from warehouses. With e-commerce, there is no in-store inventory and products are shipped directly from warehouses.
Configure Settings
All browsers have a settings or options page that provides many time-saving options. For example, you can set all the web pages that should open when you start your browser, or you can configure autocomplete options that help you to quickly fill out web forms.
File transfer protocol (FTP) and secure file transfer protocol (SFTP)
Allow you to efficiently copy files to and from your computer across the Internet, and are frequently used for uploading changes to a website hosted by an Internet service provider. FTP has been used for decades and still remains one of the most popular methods of file transfer.
File transfer utilities
Allow you to efficiently copy files to and from your computer across the Internet.
Instant messaging (IM)
Allows two or more people to contact each other via direct, live communication. To use instant messaging, you register with an instant messaging service, such as Facebook or Google+, and then specify a list of friends. Whenever you connect to the Internet, your IM service is notified. It then notifies you of all your friends who are available to chat and notifies your friends who are online that you are available
The Web
Also known as the World Wide Web or WWW, was introduced in 1991. Prior to the web, the Internet was all text—no graphics, animations, sound, or video. The web made it possible to include these elements. It provided a multimedia interface to resources available on the Internet.
AJAX
An advanced use of JavaScript, is used to create interactive websites that respond quickly. Google Maps uses AJAX to make the maps fast loading, dynamic, and interactive.
Education or E-learning
Another rapidly emerging web application. You can take classes on almost any subject. There are courses just for fun, and there are courses for high school, college, and graduate school credit. Some cost nothing to take and others cost a lot.
Four well-known browsers
Apple Safari, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Mozilla Firefox.
Search engines
Are specialized programs that assist you in locating information on the web and the Internet
Specialized search engines
Focus on subject-specific websites. Specialized sites can potentially save you time by narrowing your search.
To evaluate the accuracy of information you find on the web, consider the following
Authority. Is the author an expert in the subject area? Is the site an official site for the information presented, or is the site an individual's personal website? Accuracy. Has the information been critically reviewed for correctness prior to posting on the web? Does the website provide a method to report inaccurate information to the author? Objectivity. Is the information factually reported, or does the author have a bias? Does the author appear to have a personal agenda aimed at convincing or changing the reader's opinion? Currency. Is the information up to date? Does the site specify the date when the site was updated? Are the site's links operational? If not, the site is most likely not being actively maintained.
Communicating
By far the most popular Internet activity. You can exchange e-mail, photos, and videos with your family and friends from almost anywhere in the world. You can locate old friends and make new friends. You can join and listen to discussions and debates on a wide variety of special-interest topics.
The basic components of cloud computing are
Clients are corporations and end users who want access to data, programs, and storage. The Internet provides the connection between the clients and providers. Two critical factors are the speed and reliability of the user's access and the Internet's capability to provide safe and reliable access. Service providers are organizations with computers connected to the Internet that are willing to provide access to software, data, and storage.
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
Commerce involves individuals selling to individuals. C2C often takes the form of an electronic version of the classified ads or an auction. Web auctions are similar to traditional auctions except that buyers and sellers seldom, if ever, meet face to face. Sellers post descriptions of products at a website, and buyers submit bids electronically. Like traditional auctions, sometimes the bidding becomes highly competitive and enthusiastic. One of the most widely used auction sites is eBay.com
Business-to-business (B2B)
Commerce involves the sale of a product or service from one business to another. This is typically a manufacturer-supplier relationship. For example, a furniture manufacturer requires raw materials such as wood, paint, and varnish.
Business-to-consumer (B2C)
Commerce involves the sale of a product or service to the general public or end users. It is the fastest-growing type of e-commerce. Whether large or small, nearly every existing corporation in the United States provides some type of B2C support as another means to connect to customers. Because extensive investments are not required to create traditional retail outlets and to maintain large marketing and sales staffs, e-commerce allows start-up companies to compete with larger established firms. The three most widely used B2C applications are for online banking, financial trading, and shopping. Amazon.com is one of the most widely used B2C sites.
Spiders
Continually look for new information and update the search services' databases
Three popular types of file transfer are
FTP, web-based, and BitTorrent
Two of the most popular instant messaging services are
Facebook Messenger and Google Hangouts.
Three of the best known social networking are
Facebook, Google+, and LinkedIn
Viruses
Destructive programs are often attached to unsolicited e-mail
Webmasters
Develop and maintain websites and resources. The job may include backup of the company website, updating resources, or development of new resources. Webmasters are often involved in the design and development of the website.
BitTorrent
Distributes file transfers across many different computers for more efficient downloads, unlike other transfer technologies whereby a file is copied from one computer on the Internet to another. A single file might be located on dozens of individual computers. When you download the file, each computer sends you a tiny piece of the larger file, making BitTorrent well suited for transferring very large files. Unfortunately, BitTorrent technology often has been used for distributing unauthorized copies of copyrighted music and video.
Web-based e-mail systems
Do not require an e-mail program to be installed on your computer. Once your computer's browser connects to an e-mail service provider, a special program called a webmail client is run on the e-mail provider's computer and then you can begin e-mailing. This is known as webmail. Most Internet service providers offer webmail services. Three free webmail service providers are Google's Gmail, Microsoft's Hotmail, and Yahoo!'s Yahoo!Mail.
Podcasts
Do not use streaming technology. Before a podcast can be run, the media files have to be downloaded and saved to your computer. Once downloaded, the files can be run to listen to music or watch a movie as often as you would like. The media files can also be transferred from your computer to a media player such as an iPod. Podcasts are widely used to download music, tutorials, and educational training.
Web 2.0
Evolved to support more dynamic content creation and social interaction. Facebook is one of the best-known Web 2.0 applications.
Once the browser has connected to the website, a document file is sent back to your computer. This document typically contains __________ __________ _________ (HTML), a markup language for displaying web pages.
Hypertext Markup Language
Bookmarks/Favorites Bar
Most browsers have a bookmarks or favorites bar just below the address bar. Add your top 5 or 10 most-often-visited websites here. The next time you want to visit one of these sites, select it from the bookmarks/favorites list rather than entering the site's URL.
Shortcuts
Keyboard shortcuts are often faster than using a mouse. Use the following: F5 (refresh); Alt + left arrow (back); Ctrl + T (new tab); Ctrl + W (close tab); Ctrl + Enter (adds "www" and ".com" to any domain name you type in the address bar).
Web-based file transfer services
Make use of a web browser to upload and download files. This eliminates the need for any custom software to be installed. A popular web-based file transfer service is Dropbox.com.
Extensions/Add-Ons
Many browsers, such as Chrome and Firefox, allow users to install small, third-party programs that extend, or add to, the capabilities of the browser. These programs can perform a variety of tasks, from providing easy access to your cloud services to making it easier to capture information on a web page.
Credit card purchases
faster and more convenient than check purchases. Credit card fraud, however, is a major concern for both buyers and sellers.
Shopping
One of the fastest-growing Internet applications. You can window shop, look for the latest fashions, search for bargains, and make purchases.
Search services
Operate websites that can help you locate the information you need
Entertainment
Options are nearly endless. You can find music, movies, magazines, and computer games. You will find live concerts, movie previews, book clubs, and interactive live games.
Blogs or web logs
Personal websites to keep in touch with friends and family. Blog postings are time-stamped and arranged with the newest item first. Often, readers of these sites are allowed to comment. Some blogs are like online diaries with personal information; others focus on information about a hobby or theme, such as knitting, electronic devices, or good books. Although most are written by individual bloggers, there are also group blogs with multiple contributors. Some businesses and newspapers also have started blogging as a quick publishing method. Several sites provide tools to create blogs. Two of the most widely used are Blogger and WordPress.
Second part of the URL
Presents the domain name. It indicates the specific address where the resource is located. The domain identified as www.mtv.com : The last part of the domain name following the dot (.) is the top-level domain (TLD). Also known as the web suffix, it typically identifies the type of organization. For example, .com indicates a commercial site.
First part of URL
Presents the protocol used to connect to the resource. Protocols are rules for exchanging data between computers. The protocol https is used for web traffic and is one of the most widely used Internet protocols.
Plug-ins
Programs that are automatically started and operate as a part of your browser. Many websites require you to have one or more plug-ins to fully experience their content.
Applets
Programs that can be downloaded quickly and run by most browsers. They are used to display graphics, provide interactive games, and much more. For example, many of the online games at Yahoo! Games are JAVA applets.
Utilities
Programs that make computing easier
Browsers
Programs that provide access to web resources. This software connects you to remote computers; opens and transfers files; displays text, images, and multimedia; and provides in one tool an uncomplicated interface to the Internet and web documents.
Microblog
Publishes short sentences that take only a few seconds to write, rather than long stories or posts like a traditional blog. Microblogs are designed to keep friends and other contacts up to date on your interests and activities. The most popular microblogging site, Twitter
Client-based e-mail systems
Require a special program known as an e-mail client to be installed on your computer. Before you can begin e-mailing, you need to run the e-mail client from your computer, which communicates with the e-mail service provider. Two of the most widely used e-mail clients are Apple's Mail and Microsoft's Outlook.
Cascading style sheets (CSS)
Separate files referenced by or lines inserted into an HTML document that control the appearance of a web page. CSS help ensure that related web pages have a consistent presentation or look. Netflix uses CSS to visually connect all its web pages.
The first step to using the Internet and the web is to
To get connected, or to gain access to the Internet
Web utilities
Specialized utility programs that make using the Internet and the web easier and safer
Started in 2003 and has become the premier business-oriented social networking site. Although not nearly as large as Facebook or Google+, it is the largest social networking site focusing on business professionals. It has well over 100 million users. LinkedIn provides tools to maintain business contacts, develop extended business networks, research individual businesses, search for job opportunities, and more.
.mil
US military
Spam
Unwanted and unsolicited e-mails
Digital cash
The Internet's equivalent to traditional cash. Buyers purchase digital cash from a third party (a bank that specializes in electronic currency) and use it to purchase goods. Sellers convert the digital cash to traditional currency through the third party. Although not as convenient as credit card purchases, digital cash is more secure.
The Internet was launched in 1969 when
The United States funded a project that developed a national computer network called Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET)
Web 3.0
The current generation. It focuses on applications that automatically prepare personalized content for users. For example, Google Now uses data from the web (e.g., an individual's calendar of planned activities, weather reports, traffic reports, etc.), searches for interrelationships among the data (e.g., the effect of weather and traffic on an individual's planned daily commute to work), and automatically presents relevant information to the user (e.g., sends an early morning message to the individual's smartphone regarding expected bad weather and/or traffic delays).
E-mail addresses have two basic parts
The first part is the user's name and the second part is the domain name, which includes the top-level domain
Text messaging, also known as texting or SMS (short message service)
The process of sending a short electronic message, typically less than 160 characters, using a wireless network to another person, who views the message on a mobile device such as a smartphone.
E-mail or electronic mail
The transmission of electronic messages over the Internet. A typical e-mail message has three basic elements: header, message, and signature.
Subscription services
These services provide access to their library of videos for a fee. You can select and view as many of these videos as you want. Three of the most popular subscription services are Netflix, Hulu Plus, and Amazon Prime.
Cloud computing
Uses the Internet and the web to shift many of these computer activities from the user's computer to other computers on the Internet
Downloading
Using file transfer utility software, you can copy files to your computer from specially configured servers
Was initially launched by a student at Harvard University for college students in 2004. By 2008 it was the most widely used social networking site. It now has a billion users worldwide. Facebook provides a wide array of features and applications including instant messaging, photo and video sharing, games, and much more. -There are three basic categories of Facebook users: individuals, businesses, and communities.
Google +
Was launched in 2011. It is a combination of some of Google Inc.'s previously existing services with some new services. These new services include Circles for grouping individuals according to common interests or other criteria and Hangouts for communicating with up to 10 people at a time.
There are two basic types of e-mail systems
client-based and web-based
.com
commercial
.edu
educational
.net
network
Social networking
one of the fastest-growing and most significant Web 2.0 applications. Social networking sites focus on connecting people and organizations that share a common interest or activity. These sites typically provide a wide array of tools that facilitate meeting, communicating, and sharing. There are hundreds of social networking sites.
