ISMG 3600
________ is the time period during which an object performs an operation.
Activation
________ is a type of interaction diagrams.
Sequence
________ refers to two different names that are used for the same attribute.
Synonym
An attribute can be functionally dependent on more than attribute.
True
A message in which the sender does not have to wait for the recipient to handle the message best describes:
asynchronous message
A many-to-many relationship that associates certain items with their component items is called a:
bill-of-materials structure
A ________ is a field that can be derived from other database fields.
calculated field
Which of the following combines range and hash partitioning by first segregating data by ranges on the designated attribute and then within each of these partitions it further partitions by hashing on the designated attribute?
composite partitioning
A ________ is a value a field will assume unless an explicit value is entered for that field.
default value
An object is ________ at the point marked by X.
destroyed
To convert a relation to second normal form, you decompose the relation into new relations using the attributes, called:
determinants
For a binary one-to-one relationship between two entities A and B, the relationship is represented by:
either adding the primary key of A as a foreign key of B or adding the primary key of B as a foreign key of A
For a unary one-to-one relationship between two entities A and B, the relationship is represented by:
either adding the primary key of A as a foreign key of B or adding the primary key of B as a foreign key of A
An ________ is an association between two use cases where one adds new behaviors or actions to the other.
extend relationship
The set of functions or behaviors in a use case that follow exceptions to the main success scenario are called ________.
extensions
A relation is said to be in second normal form when there are no transitive dependencies.
false
A ________ is the smallest unit of named application data recognized by system software.
field
A ________ is an attribute that appears as a nonprimary key attribute in one relation and as a primary key attribute (or part of a primary key) in another relation.
foreign key
If order number serves as the primary key in the ORDER relation and also appears as a nonprimary key attribute in the INVOICE relation, then order number is said to be a:
foreign key
Assume the structure of a relation is EMPLOYEE (Emp_ID, Name, Dept, Salary). The number of attributes for this relation would be:
four
A particular relationship between two attributes best defines:
functional dependency
Summary use cases do not include ________.
functional requirements
A use case is considered successful if it functioned correctly and achieved its ________.
goals
The ________ uses an algorithm to determine the address for each row.
hashed file organization
A single name that is used for two or more different attributes best defines:
homonym
An ________ is an association between two use cases where one use case uses the functionality contained in the other.
include relationship
A table used to determine the location of rows in a file that satisfy some condition best describes:
index
The index file organization:
provides moderately fast random retrieval on the primary key
A ________ is a foreign key in a relation that references the primary key values of that same relation.
recursive foreign key
A foreign key in a relation that references the primary key values of that same relation is referred to as a:
recursive foreign key
Relationships between instances of a single entity type are referred to as:
recursive relationships
A data model that represents data in the form of tables or relations is called a:
relational database model
The most common style for a logical database model is the:
relational database model
An association between the instances of one or more entity types that is of interest to the organization best defines:
relationship
All of the following are Use Case levels of detail except:
sand
A relation is in ________ if every nonprimary key attribute is functionally dependent on the whole primary key.
second normal form
When each nonprimary key attribute is identified by the whole key, the relation is said to be in at least:
second normal form
A ________ is one or a combination of fields for which more than one row may have the same combination of values.
secondary key
When an operation calls another operation within the same object, this is referred to as ________.
self-delegation
In UML, a ________ represents dynamic models of interactions between objects.
sequence diagram
Types of interaction diagrams include:
sequence diagrams
Which of the following depicts the interactions among objects during a certain period of time?
sequence diagrams
Which of the following represent dynamic models of interactions between objects?
sequence diagrams
A ________ is a message that transfers control from the sender to the recipient without describing the details of the communication.
simple message
A message that transfers control from the sender to the recipient without describing the details of the communication best describes:
simple message
People who have a vested interest in the system being developed are called ________.
stakeholders
Which of the following encompasses an object's properties and the values those properties have?
state
What a use case must do effectively in order to satisfy stakeholders is called a ________.
success guarantee
A ________ is a type of message in which the caller has to wait for the receiving object to finish executing the called operation before it can resume execution itself.
synchronous message
A type of message in which the caller has to wait for the receiving object to finish executing the called operation before it can resume execution itself is a(n):
synchronous message
Two different names that refer to the same data item best defines:
synonym
For a unary M:N relationship:
the entity type is modeled as one relation; using as its primary key a composite key, a separate relation is created to represent the M:N relationship
An association between two use cases where one adds new behaviors or actions to the other best describes:
the extend relationship
An association between two use cases where one use case uses the functionality contained in the other best describes:
the include relationship
When transforming an E-R diagram into normalized relations, the identifier of the entity type becomes:
the primary key of the corresponding relation
During logical database design, the work of all systems development team members is coordinated and shared through:
the project dictionary
A ________ is a depiction of a system's behavior or functionality under various conditions as the system responds to requests from users.
use case
A ________ is a picture showing system behavior along with the key actors that interact with the system.
use case diagram
A picture showing system behavior along with the key actors that interact with the system best describes a(n):
use case diagram
Use cases written at the blue, or sea, level focus on ________ goals.
user
Combining all normalized user views into one consolidated logical database model refers to:
view integration
Merging relations is also referred to as:
view integration
An entity whose primary key depends on the primary key of another entity is called a:
weak entity
________ is a part-of relationship between a component object and an aggregate object.
Aggregation
________ is the process of splitting or combining normalized relations into physical tables based on affinity of use of rows and fields.
Denormalization
Which of the following is not a true statement regarding a relation?
Each row in a relation corresponds to an attribute of that relation.
________ is the technique of hiding the internal implementation details of an object from its external view.
Encapsulation
Which of the following properties of a relation states that an entry at the intersection of each row and column is single-valued?
Entries in cells are simple
Which of the following defines a set of behaviors or functions in a use case that follow exceptions to the main success scenario?
Extension
A data marker is a field of data that can be used to locate a related field or row of data.
False
A null value is used to represent the zero digit in a relation.
False
A relation corresponds to a computer file.
False
A relation is said to be in second normal form when its nonprimary key attributes do not depend on each other.
False
A simple message is a message in which the sender does not have to wait for the recipient to handle the message.
False
A transitive dependency is an integrity constraint specifying that the value of an attribute in one relation depends on the value of the same attribute in another relation.
False
A well-structured relation contains data about two or more entities.
False
An activity diagram cannot be used to show the logic of a use case.
False
An actor is a specific instance of a user class playing the user's role.
False
An extension initiates a use case.
False
An operation is an indication of how many objects participate in a given relationship.
False
Conceptual modeling is performed during systems design.
False
Denormalization reduces the chance of errors introduced by normalizing relations.
False
Designing the database for an Internet-based electronic commerce application differs significantly from the process followed when designing the database for other types of applications.
False
During logical modeling, the normalized data requirements from all user interfaces are combined into one consolidated logical database model.
False
Each column in a relation corresponds to an entity type.
False
Generally speaking, a physical table corresponds to a relation.
False
In an activity diagram, the fast lane represents the organizational unit responsible for a certain action.
False
Multiple key retrieval is possible with the hashed file organization.
False
Normalization is based on an analysis of weak entities.
False
Object-oriented database models are the most frequently used database technologies for new information systems development.
False
On a class diagram, an association is signified by a double-ended arrow that connects the participating object classes.
False
On a sequence diagram, a synchronous message is shown as a half arrowhead.
False
Postconditions are things that must be true before a use case can start.
False
Random key retrieval on the primary key is comparatively slow with the hashed file organization.
False
Referencing a relation, the sequence of columns cannot be interchanged without changing the meaning or use of the relation.
False
Sequence diagrams represent dynamic models of how objects change their states in response to events.
False
Sequence diagrams show the static structure of data and the operations that act on the data.
False
Sequential files are practical for random row retrievals.
False
Sequential retrieval on the primary key is very fast with the hashed file organization.
False
The Process boundary is represented as a box that includes all of the relevant use cases.
False
The network database model is a popular database technology for new information systems.
False
The network model is the most common style for a logical database model.
False
The primary deliverable from logical database design is a conceptual model.
False
The selection of data storage technologies is made during the systems implementation and operation phase.
False
The technique of hiding the internal implementation details of an object from its external view is called incorporation.
False
There are 4 different levels of detail.
False
Transitive attributes are attributes that determine other attributes.
False
Use cases written at the fish level focus on user goals.
False
When using the relational notation, the primary key attribute is indicated by a dashed underline.
False
___________ is a technique for physically arranging the records of a file.
File organization
________ refers to a particular relationship between two attributes.
Functional dependency
________ is a single attribute name that is used for two or more different attributes.
Homonym
________ is the least amount promised to a stakeholder by a use case.
Minimal guarantee
Which of the following is not a key step in logical database modeling and design?
Model how data flow through an information system, the relationships among the data flows, and how data come to be stored at specific locations.
________ is an indication of how many objects participate in a given relationship.
Multiplicity
________ is the process of converting complex data structures into simple, stable data structures.
Normalization
Which of the following statements is true regarding normalization?
Normalization produces a set of well-structured relations that contain all of the data mentioned in system inputs and outputs.
________ is a special field value, distinct from 0, blank, or any other value, that indicates that the value for the field is missing or otherwise unknown.
Null value
________ is an integrity constraint specifying that the value (or existence) of an attribute in one relation depends on the value (or existence) of the same attribute in another relation.
Referential integrity
Each regular entity type in an E-R diagram is transformed into a:
Relation
Which of the following is not associated with database design?
The preparation of a final conceptual model and the implementation of the database.
Which of the following properties should be satisfied when the identifier of the entity type becomes the primary key of the corresponding relation?
The value of the key must uniquely identify every row in the relation.
A default value is a value a field will assume unless an explicit value is entered for that field.
True
A derived field is a field that can be derived from other database fields.
True
A file organization is an arrangement of related records in secondary memory so that individual and groups of records can be stored, retrieved, and updated rapidly.
True
A physical file is a named set of table rows stored in a contiguous section of secondary memory.
True
A relation is in second normal form if every nonprimary key attribute is functionally dependent on the whole primary key.
True
A relation is said to be in second normal form if the primary key consists of only one attribute.
True
A sequence diagram depicts the interactions among objects during a certain period of time.
True
A stakeholder is a person who has a vested interest in the system being developed.
True
A use case is a depiction of a system's behavior or functionality under various conditions as the system responds to requests from users.
True
An activity diagram clearly shows parallel and alternative behaviors.
True
An activity diagram should only be used when it adds value to the project.
True
An activity diagram shows the conditional logic for the sequence of system activities needed to accomplish a business process.
True
An aggregation expresses a Part-of relationship between a component object and an aggregate object.
True
An object class is a logical grouping of objects that have the same attributes and behaviors.
True
Both the white and kite levels provide a summary of the use case goals.
True
Data security can be built into a file through encryption, passwords, or prohibiting users from directly manipulating a file.
True
Denormalization is the process of splitting or combining normalized relations into physical tables based on affinity of use of rows and fields.
True
Each row of a relation corresponds to a record that contains data values for an entity.
True
Efficient use of secondary storage and data processing speed are two goals of physical table design.
True
File and database design occurs in two steps.
True
File restoration can be achieved through backup copies of a file, audit trails, and row image files.
True
Generally speaking, logical and physical database design is performed in parallel with other systems design steps.
True
If for every valid value of A the value of B is determined by the value of A, then B is functionally dependent on A.
True
Indexes should be used generously for databases intended primarily to support data retrievals.
True
Indexes should be used judiciously for databases that support transaction processing and other applications with heavy updating requirements.
True
Level has to do with the level of detail at which a use case is being written.
True
Multiplicity indicates how many objects participate in a given relationship.
True
Normalization helps build a data model that is simple, not redundant, and requires minimum maintenance.
True
Objects communicate with one another by sending messages.
True
One of the purposes of database design is to choose data storage technologies that will efficiently, accurately, and securely process database activities.
True
One property of a relation is that entries in a given column are from the same set of values.
True
Operations provide an external interface to a class.
True
Sequence diagrams represent dynamic models of interactions between objects.
True
Sequence is a type of interaction diagrams.
True
The least amount promised to a stakeholder by a use case is called the minimal guarantee.
True
The result of normalization is that every nonprimary key attribute depends upon the whole primary key and nothing but the primary key.
True
The selection of the appropriate storage format for each attribute from the logical database model is made during physical database design.
True
When using the sequential file organization, the addition of rows requires rewriting the file.
True
White level use cases might serve as an enterprise goal whereas kite level use cases might serve as a goal for one business unit.
True
Using relational notation, an attribute of a relation that is the primary key of another relation is indicated by:
a dashed underline
In UML, a class is represented by:
a rectangle with three compartments separated by horizontal lines
For a binary many-to-many relationship existing between entity types A and B:
a separate relation C is created; the primary key of relation C is a composite key consisting of the primary key for each of the two entities in the relationship
If an associative entity exists, then:
a separate relation C is created; the primary key of relation C is a composite key consisting of the primary key for each of the two entities in the relationship
If a relationship exists among three or more entities, then:
a separate relation with a primary key that is the composite of the primary keys of each of the participating entities is created
An ________ is a class that has no direct instances, but whose descendants may have direct instances.
abstract class
Which of the following shows the time period during which an object performs an operation, either directly or through a call to some subordinate operation?
activation
A(n) ________ clearly shows parallel and alternative behaviors.
activity diagram
A(n) ________ shows the conditional logic for the sequence of system activities needed to accomplish a business process.
activity diagram
A binary one-to-many relationship in an E-R diagram is best represented by:
adding the primary key attribute (or attributes) of the entity on the one side of the relationship as a foreign key in the relation that is on the many side of the relationship
An extension is invoked only if its ________ condition is encountered.
associated
An ________ is a relationship between object classes.
association
Which of the following represents how an object acts and reacts?
behavior
The fish and black levels are sometimes referred to as the ________ level.
clam
Showing the static structure of an object-oriented model-the object classes, their internal structure, and the relationships in which they participate-is the purpose of a:
class diagram
A ________ is a coding scheme recognized by system software for representing organizational data.
data type
The process of splitting or combining normalized relations into physical tables based on affinity of use of rows and fields best describes:
denormalization
The following are steps to transforming an E-R diagram into normalized relations and then merging all the relations into one final, consolidated set of relations except for:
denormalize the relations
An ________ is a table used to determine the location of rows in a file that satisfy some condition.
index
Sequence diagrams can be presented in:
instance or generic form
On a sequence diagram, the destruction of an object is shown as a:
large X
Rolling back a transaction to its original starting place is an example of a ________.
minimal guarantee
The least amount promised to the stakeholder by a use case is called a:
minimal guarantee
The process of converting complex data structures into simple, stable data structures is referred to as:
normalization
The primary deliverable from logical database design is:
normalized relations
A special field value, distinct from 0, blank, or any other value, that indicates that the value for the field is missing or otherwise unknown best defines:
null value
An entity that has a well-defined role in the application domain and has state, behavior, and identity characteristics defines:
object
Which of the following provides an external interface to a class?
operation
A ________ is a named set of rows and columns that specifies the fields in each row of the table.
physical table
A named set of rows and columns that specifies the fields in each row of the table best describes:
physical table
A ________ is a field of data that can be used to locate a related field or row of data.
pointer
A field of data that can be used to locate a related field or row of data best describes:
pointer
Things that must be true before a use case can start are called ________.
preconditions
A ________ is an attribute whose value is unique across all occurrences of a relation.
primary key
"Create a relation with primary key and nonkey attributes" is the relational representation for which E-R structure?
regular entity
A ________ is a named, two-dimensional table of data.
relation
A named two-dimensional table of data is a:
relation
A ________ represents data as a set of related tables or relations.
relational database model
When an operation calls upon another operation within the same object, this is known as:
self-delegation
A ________ depicts the interactions among objects during a certain period of time.
sequence diagram
Preconditions are things that must be true before a use case can:
start
For any relation R, if, for every valid instance of A, that value of A uniquely determines the value of B:
then B is said to be functionally dependent on A
A relation is in ________ if it is in second normal form and there are no functional dependencies between two (or more) nonprimary key attributes.
third normal form
The relation state specifying that nonprimary key attributes do not depend on other nonprimary key attributes is:
third normal form
An activity diagram can be used for all of the following except:
to show the links between objects
When two 3NF relations are merged to form a single relation:
transitive dependencies may result
A functional dependency between two (or more) nonprimary key attributes in a relation defines a:
transitive dependency
A use case is initiated by a ________.
trigger
A ________ is a relation that contains a minimum amount of redundancy and allows users to insert, modify, and delete the rows without errors or inconsistencies.
well-structured relation
A relation that contains a minimum amount of redundancy and allows users to insert, modify, and delete rows without errors or inconsistencies is a(n):
well-structured relation
Both the ________ and ________ levels provide a summary of the use case goals.
white, kite