IST Test 3 Question Bank

Describe the steps when Compute A pings the IP address of Computer B.

- A user at Computer A types ping 10.1.1.2 at a command prompt - Then the network software creates a ping message - After the network protocol packages the message by adding the IP addresses of the sending and destination computers and acquires the destination computer's MAC address - The network interface software adds the MAC addresses of the sending and destination computers - Computer B receives the message, verifies that the addresses are correct, and then sends a reply to Computer A using steps 2 through 4

Describe the Docker program

A Docker is a platform that enables developers to build, deploy, run, update, and manage containers.

What is the purpose of the DHCP server?

A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server automatically allocates a TCP/IP configuration (IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS servers) to hosts when they join the network.

Describe a MAC address.

A MAC (Media Access Control) address, sometimes referred to as a hardware or physical address, is a unique, 12-character alphanumeric attribute that is used to identify individual electronic devices on a network.

Frames have what type addresses added to it?

A frame has a MAC address added to it.

What is a hypervisor?

A hypervisor creates and monitors the virtual hardware environment, which allows multiple VMs to share physical hardware resources.

Describe a LAN

A local area network (LAN) is a small network limited to a single collection of machines and connected by one or more interconnecting devices in a small geographic area.

If you want to network a stand-alone computer, what three components are needed?

A network interface card (NIC), a network medium, and an interconnecting device.

Describe the operation of a network switch.

A network switch is used to interconnect multiple computers so that they can communicate with one another.

Packets have what type addresses added to it?

A packet has an IP address added to it.

Explain the difference between a segment, a packet, and a frame.

A packet is a chunk of data with a source and destination IP address added to it, but a segment is the unit of information the Transport layer works with. Whereas a frame is a packet with the source and destination MAC addresses added to it.

What is a snapshot of a virtual machine?

A snapshot is a partial copy of a VM made at a particular moment.

Describe SAN storage method.

A storage area network (SAN) uses high-speed networking technologies to give servers fast access to large amounts of shared disk storage.

What is the difference between a type 1 and a type 2 hypervisor? Give an example of each type.

A type 1 hypervisor runs directly on the host computer's hardware and controls and monitors guest OSs (also called bare-metal virtualization). For example, VMware. A type 2 hypervisor is installed in a general-purpose host OS, and the host OS accesses host hardware on behalf of the guest OS (also called hosted virtualization). For example, VMware workstation.

What mnemonic might you use to remember the seven layers of the OSI model?

All People Seem to Need Data Processing.

What is an internetwork?

An internetwork is a collection of LANs connected by devices such as routers.

Name a protocol used at each layer of the TCP/IP model

Application Layer: HTTP is the protocol that browsers use to access data on the World Wide Web. Transportation Layer: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is connection-oriented and designed for the reliable transfer of information in complex internetworks. Internetwork layer: An Internet Protocol address is assigned to every computer and network device using TCP/IP for communications. Network access layer: Network access protocol provides a physical (MAC) address for the network interface.

Which disk interface technology uses the PCIe bus directly? A) Serial ATA (SATA) B) Non-volatile memory express (NVMe) C) Small computer system interface (SCSI) D) Serial attached SCSI (SAS)

B) Non-volatile memory express (NVMe)

What is an application of bare metal virtualization?

Bare metal virtualization can be used for consolidating servers.

Name and describe the five networking options in VMware Workstation Pro.

Bridged: This option connects the VM's virtual network to the physical network. NAT: Using this default option, the host computer's IP address is shared with the VM by using network address translation (NAT). Host-only: This option isolates the VM from the host network and only allows network communication between VMs running on the host and the host computer. Custom: You can use this option to connect the VM to a virtual network created with the virtual network editor. LAN segment: LAN segments are private networks that can be shared with other VMs running on the same host.

Which type of RAID volume uses space from two disks, where data written to one disk is duplicated or mirrored to provide fault tolerance? A) RAID 0 B) RAID 10 C) RAID 1 D) RAID 5

C) RAID 1

Explain the difference between clients and servers.

Clients are the network software on a computer that requests network resources from a server, whereas servers are when software is installed on it that provides a network service to client computers.

Describe cloud computing

Cloud computing is a networking model in which data, applications, and processing power are managed by servers on the Internet.

Describe container virtualization

Container virtualization is a software environment in which an application can run but is isolated from the rest of the OS and other applications.

Describe DAS storage method.

Direct-attached storage (DAS) is similar to local storage but can also refer to one or more HDDs in an enclosure with its own power supply.

Describe DNS.

Domain Name System (DNS) is a name-to-address resolution protocol that keeps a list of computer names and their IP addresses

Local storage is rarely direct-attached storage. True or False?

False

TRUE or FALSE: Server-based networks are easier to expand.

False

TRUE or FALSE: VMware Workstation Player supports snapshots.

False.

Storage is needed for what items?

File Systems, Memory, Programs.

Our author suggests what HDD rotation speed for desktop computers?

For desktop computers, they suggest a rotation speed of 7200 rpm or faster.

What is an application of hosted virtualization?

Hosted virtualization can be used for OS training.

Describe Microsoft Hyper-V hypervisor.

Hyper-V was introduced with Windows Server 2008 and can be installed as a server role. It acts as a management OS for VMs installed with Hyper-V, and supports advanced features, such as host server clustering and live migration.

Describe IaaS

IaaS stands for Infrastructure as a service that allows a company to use storage or entire virtual servers.

At what layer of the TCP/IP model are IP addresses used? How many IPs are used?

In the Internetwork Layer, 255 IPs can be used.

At what layer of the TCP/IP model are MAC addresses used? How many MACs are used?

In the Network Access Layer, one address is used.

At what layer of the TCP/IP model are port numbers used? How many port numbers are used?

In the Transport Layer 65535 port numbers are used.

What are two advantages of hosted virtualization?

It has the advantage of supporting a wider variety of guest OSs because there are few incompatibility problems between the guest OS and hardware. It is easy and straightforward to use.

What is an automatic private IP address?

It's a feature that enables a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol client to automatically assign an IP address to itself when there's no DHCP server available to perform that function.

What is the name of the Linux service that is compatible with Windows Active Directory?

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

Describe a peer-to-peer network.

Most computers function as clients or servers (no centralized control over who has access to network resources).

Describe NAS storage method.

Network-attached storage (NAS) has an enclosure, power supply, slots for multiple HDDs, a network interface, and a built-in OS tailored for managing shared storage.

What is the primary motivations for computer networking?

One of the main goals of networking is sharing resources between computers so that all programs, data, and equipment are available to anyone on the network.

Describe PaaS

PaaS stands for Platform as a service which is similar to SaaS, but the customer develops applications with the service provider's tools and infrastructure. For example, Google AppEngine.

Describe public cloud versus private cloud

Public cloud is cloud services that are delivered by a third-party provider, whereas private cloud services are when a company delivers cloud services to its own employees through the use of virtualization technologies.

Which type RAID is available through Windows Storage Spaces?

RAID 0 is available.

Describe RAID 0. 1 and 5.

RAID 0 volume: extends across two or more dynamic disks, but data is written to all disks in the volume equally. RAID 1 mirror volume: uses space from two dynamic disks and provides fault tolerance. RAID 5 volume: uses space from three or more dynamic disks and uses disk striping with parity.

Which RAID is referred to as a striped volume?

RAID 0.

Which RAIDs provide fault tolerance?

RAID 1 volume (mirrored volume) and RAID 5 volume.

What type RAID uses disk striping with parity?

RAID 5.

Describe SaaS

SaaS stands for Software as a service which is usually offered as a subscription based on the number of users. For example, the Microsoft 360 suite.

Which type of disk interface is considered to be the more enterprise-ready disk interface technology?

Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) is considered the more enterprise-ready disk interface technology.

Describe the Storage Spaces feature introduced in Windows 8

Storage Spaces uses the concept of just a bunch of disks (JBOD), in which two or more disks appear as a single disk to the OS.

Describe tape backup systems.

Tape backup systems are a traditional choice for backing up large amounts of data. Tapes use magnetic storage and record data in sequential order.

What are the names of the four layers of TCP/IP?

The four layers are the application layer, transportation layer, internetwork layer, and network access layer.

Describe the storage management tools in MacOS

The macOS Disk Utility: Partitions, formats, and manages hard drives.

What is the name of the most common suite of protocols used in networks?

The most common protocol stack is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).

What does the nslookup command do?

The nslookup command queries internet domain name servers in two modes.

Why is information transferred in short bursts of about 1500 bytes at a time?

They're transferred at 1500 bytes so that if an error occurs during transmission of a large file, only the chunks of data involved in the error have to be sent again.

How many headers are added to data by the TCP/IP model in creating a frame?

Three headers are added and a trailer.

TRUE or FALSE: An OS must be configured to use DNS.

True

TRUE or FALSE: Routers connect LANs to one another.

True

TRUE or FALSE: Routers work with IP addresses, while switches work with MAC addresses.

True

TRUE or FALSE: VirtualBox is the most versatile hypervisor discussed in Module 8.

True.

Name and describe two longterm storage devices.

USB memory sticks (flash drives): a plug-and-play portable storage device that uses flash memory. Secure Digital (SD) cards: a tiny flash memory card designed for high-capacity memory and various portable devices.

Describe VMware vSphere

VMware vSphere is a type 1 hypervisor that is similar to Hyper-V. It is based on the VMware ESXi hypervisor.

What is a WAN?

Wide area networks (WANs) use the services of third-party communication providers to carry network traffic from one location to another.

Describe the storage management tools in Windows.

Windows Disk Management: a tool for hard drives and removable drives.

Can the Windows OS be on a striped volume?

Windows OS cannot be on a stripped volume.

Describe Windows Sandbox

Windows Sandbox is a feature available with Windows Pro and Enterprise that provides a temporary isolated environment in which to run an application.

Is RAID 1 fault tolerant?

Yes, RAID 1 is fault tolerant.

When might you use Windows Sandbox?

You might use Windows Sandbox to test an application to make sure it will not interfere with any existing applications.

You see something named "primordial" in the File and Storage Services. What can you do with it? a. Create a storage pool b. Create a virtual disk c. Format it d. Create a new volume

a. Create a storage pool

You need to protect sensitive files from unauthorized users even if the disk is stolen. What feature should you use and on what file system? a. EFS, NTFS b. Disk compression, ReFS c. Quotas, NTFS d. Shadow copies, ReFS

a. EFS, NTFS

You have installed a new disk and created a volume on it. What should you do before you can store files on it? a. Format it b. Partition it c. Initialize it d. Erase it

a. Format it

Which of the following is TRUE about a page file? a. It should be stored on a separate disk from the Windows folder b. It's usually stored in fast random access memory c. Windows stores frequently accessed drivers in it d. The page file is usually smaller than 50 MB

a. It should be stored on a separate disk from the Windows folder

Which of the following is an example of long-term storage? (Choose all that apply) a. Magnetic tape b. CPU cache c. SSD d. RAM

a. Magnetic tape c. SSD

Which of the following is an example of what a server uses storage for? (Choose all that apply.) a. Page file b. Virtual machines c. Working memory d. Documents

a. Page file b. Virtual machines d. Documents

What type of storage layout does Storage Spaces support? (Choose all that apply.) a. Simple space b. Mirror space c. Parity space d. Striped space

a. Simple space b. Mirror space c. Parity space

What type of volumes or partitions can be created on a basic disk? (Choose all the apply.) a. Spanned volume b. Striped partition c. Extended partition d. Simple volume

a. Spanned volume d. Simple volume

What's created automatically when you install Windows Server 2012 R2 on a system with a disk drive that has never had an OS installed on it before? a. System volume b. Dynamic Disk c. GPT d. Extended partition

a. System volume

Which of the following uses dynamically expanding storage? a. Thin provisioning b. Primordial pools c. Parity volumes d. Resilient File System

a. Thin provisioning

Which of the following is true about an SSD? a. Uses magnetic platters b. Has no moving parts c. Uses a proprietary interface d. Uses EPROM

b. Has no moving parts

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps for creating a volume with Storage Spaces? a. Disk pool, volume, virtual disk b. Primordial pool, virtual disk, volume c. Virtual disk, disk pool, volume d. Disk pool, virtual disk, volume

b. Primordial pool, virtual disk, volume

You have four servers that need access to shared storage because you're configuring them in a cluster. Which storage solution should you consider for this application? a. NAS b. SAN c. SCSI d. DAS

b. SAN

You want shared network storage that's easy to set up and geared toward file sharing with several file-sharing protocols, but you don't want the device to be dedicated to file sharing, What should you consider buying? a. SAN b. DAS c. NAS d. LAS

c. NAS

You need a disk system that provides the best performance for a new application that frequently reads and writes data to the disk. You aren't concerned about disk fault tolerance because the data will be backed up each day; performance is the main concern. What type of volume arrangement should you use? a. Spanned volume b. RAID 1 volume c. RAID 0 volume d. RAID 5 volume

c. RAID 0 volume

You're planning to install a new database application that uses an enormous amount of disk space. You need this application to be highly available, so you need a disk system with the capability to auto-correct from disk errors and data corruption. Which of the following is the best option? a. MBR disk with chkdsk b. NTFS format with EFS c. ReFS format and Storage Spaces d. GPT disk with shadow copies

c. ReFS format and Storage Spaces

Which of the following is a new feature in Windows Server 2012 R2 that combines the speed of SSDs with the low cost and capacity of HDDs? a. JBOD b. Thin provisioning c. Storage tiering d. Resilient spaces

c. Storage tiering

Which of the following is true about GPT disks? a. They support a maximum volume size of 2 TB b. GPT is the default when initializing a disk in Disk Management c. They use CRC protection for the partition table d. You can't convert a GPT disk to MBR

c. They use CRC protection for the partition table

You have a server with Windows Server 2012 R2 installed on Disk 0, a basic disk. You're using the server to store user's documents. You have two more disks that you can install in the server. What should you do if you want to provide fault tolerance for user's documents? a. Convert Disk 0 to dynamic. Create a striped volume using Disk 0, Disk 1 and Disk 2 b. Create a RAID 1 volume from Disk 1 and Disk 2 c. Convert the new disks to GPT. Created a spanned volume using Disk 1 and Disk 2 d. Create a RAID 5 volume from Disk 0, Disk 1 and Disk 2

d. Create a RAID 5 volume from Disk 0, Disk 1 and Disk 2

Which feature in Storage Spaces finds the data on a volume that exists multiple times and reduces it to a single space? a. Disk quotas b. Storage tiering c. Fixed provisioning d. Data deduplication

d. Data deduplication

Which of the following is defined as a physical component with a disk interface connector? a. Format b. Partition c. Volume d. Disk Drive

d. Disk Drive

You come across a file with a .vhd extension on your server's hard disk. What should you do to see the file's contents? a. Right-click the file and click Open b. Open the file in Notepad c. Burn the file to a DVD d. Mount the file

d. Mount the file

Which disk interface technology transfers data over a parallel bus? a. SATA b. USB c. SAS d. SCSI

d. SCSI

What type of interface are you likely to find on a DAS device for connecting the device to the server that uses it? a. SATA b. IDE c. PATA d. eSATA

d. eSATA

Describe the storage management tools in Linux.

fdisk, format, sfdisk, and cfdisk are storage management commands in linux. sfdisk and cfdisk enable you to verify partitions, list information about partitions, and repartition a disk

What Windows command tells you the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS server, and MAC address of the computer?

ipconfig