ITE 115 Final Exam

What is a Front-end database?

-Built using web languages such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript -Designed to be user friendly while limiting and streamlining the kinds of tasks a user can complete within the database

Which two scenarios would most likely rely on Big Data?

-Calculating traffic delays during rush hour -Evaluating applications for disability benefits

What is a Back-end database?

-Includes the database server hosting the data, some aspects of the DBMS, and the database itself -Specially trained database administrators (DBAs) work with the back-end components to ensure a company's business data is safe, secure, and well managed

Relational Databases are:

-More flexible -Data stored in table called a relation -Tables consist of rows and columns -Tables related via a common data item/key field -Managed by RDBMS - a Relational Database Management System

Feedback loop processing:

Analysis of data to produce actionable results

Stream processing:

Focuses on input processing and requires analysis of data stream as it enters the system

What two things are a key aspect of database security according to the CIA triad security model?

Integrity, Availability

Volume:

Quantity of data to be stored

Variety:

Variations in the structure of data to be stored

What is a Database?

A collection of data organized in a way that allows you to access, retrieve, and create reports of that data - Lifeblood of most organizations; entrusted with the critical job of organizing data, making it easily accessible when needed, and ensuring it is kept safe and secure.

What is a Record in terms of database?

A collection of related fields; a collection of attributes

What is a Table in terms of database?

A collection of related records

What is Real-time processing?

Also known as online processing because it happens immediately during the transaction

During a thunderstorm, the database server for Jason's store loses power. This is an example of failed _________.

Availability - Availability refers to ensuring data is accessible by authorized users when needed.

What is Character in terms of database?

Basic logical data element; a single letter, number or special character such as a punctuation mark

What does data dictionary/Schema do?

Contains a logical description of the structure of data in the database

Which of the following would most likely be the key paired with a value of "Canada" in a nonrelational customer database?

Country - A key in key-value database identifies the type of information being stored, such as the name or address of a customer. In a customer database, address information would likely include a value for a customer's country of origin, such as Canada. Therefore, the key for the value "Canada" would most likely be "Country"

Melody is building a database for a restaurant. Which pair of tables is least likely to need a direct relationship with each other?

Customers, Ingredients - Relationships in relational databases are created to show how data in one table is related to data in another table. It's highly unlikely that a restaurant's database would need to show a relationship between customers and the ingredients used in items on the menu.

Which type of data storage allows for the most variety of data types?

Data lake - A data lake is a collection of both structured and unstructured data, allowing for more diverse data formats such as video streams or IoT sensor data.

What data repository type is most likely to include database tables and primary keys in its internal data structure?

Data warehouse - A data warehouse is a type of database, and most use tables, indexes, keys, and SQL queries.

What are some data administration subsystems?

Database Administrators (DBAs) Processing rights

Unstructured data:

Does not fit into a predefined model

Aron is building a website that will require a back-end database. He plans to connect the web server on his network in a way that it will be easily accessible from the Internet. He should connect his database server the same way so data in the database is readily accessible to the web server.

False - Web servers are designed to be accessible to the open Internet, but database servers should reside in more secure segments of the network behind a firewall.

All the pet names in a veterinarian's database are stored in a _______ called PetName.

Field - Each column in a table is a field, and each field contains similar data for every record in the table. In a veterinarian's database, the Pets table might contain a field called PetName to hold the names of pets in the database.

Raphael is working with a table in Access. He needs to see all the records for customers in Chattanooga so he can check the zip codes in that city. Which database tool will show only these records in the table?

Filter - Applying a filter will temporarily hide some of the records in the table while Raphael works with a few, specific records.

Structured Data:

Fits into a predefined data model

Xavier is designing a Students table that will continue to track students even after they have completed their programs. Which field would work best with the Yes/No data type?

Graduated - The Yes/No data type allows only two values. The graduated field would indicated whether a student has completed their educational program, which would require either a Yes or No response.

What are some database models?

Hierarchical - data organized like upside-down tree; each parent node can have several children, each child node can have only one parent Network - Like hierarchical except each child can have several parents Relational - data stored in tables consisting of rows and columns Multidimensional - data stored in cubes with three or more dimensions Object oriented - organized by classes, objects, attributes, and methods

Which data type would be best suited to a field that lists customer email addresses?

Hyperlink - Fields that contain email addresses or web addresses are generally configured as a Hyperlink data type that can be clicked to activate the link.

What are some types of Databases?

Individual - Integrated files used by just one person Company - Common operational or commonly used files shared in an organization Distributed - Database spread geographically and accessed using database server Commercial - Information utilities, Data banks available

Scaling up:

Keeping the same number of systems but migrating each one to a larger system

What are some Relational database management systems (RDBMSs)?

Microsoft Access Oracle MySQL Microsoft SQL Server Maria DB PostgreSQL Amazon's Aurora

What is a Field in terms of database?

Next higher level; group of related characters; last name for example; a data field represents an attribute (description or characteristic) of an entity (person, place, thing, or object)

A Key field is also known as:

Primary key - Unique identifier to help locate data based on specific requests

What are some Data manipulation subsystem analysis tools?

Query-by-example Structured query language (SQL)

Kiera is building a front-end user interface for the database her new website will use. Which of the following languages is NOT used to build a webpage?

SQL - A front-end database user interface is built using web languages such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. SQL, however, is used to run queries in a database.

Advantages to having databases:

Sharing -allow access from multiple sources Security - only allow authorized access Less data redundancy - all the information in once place Data integrity - accurate updating of files

Velocity:

Speed at which data is entered into system and must be processed

Scarlet needs to create a file to hold a list of expenses for an upcoming project, and she needs to do some basic calculations with the numbers in the budget. Which kind of file is the best fit for this purpose?

Spreadsheet - Spreadsheet software was originally intended as an electronic alternative to paper ledgers. A spreadsheet is designed to store numbers, charts, and other data in a grid of cells where it can perform automatic recalculations as data changes.

Which field could serve as the primary key for a list of students in your school?

Student ID number - The primary key field(s) must include a unique piece of information for each record, something that will not be duplicated across multiple records. Typically, this is a numeric field that contains a unique number of some kind, such as Student ID number.

Contact information for all the people taking a class at a school are stored in a ____________ called Students

Table - A table is a collection of records for a single subject, such as students at a school.

The volume of Big Data generated over time is typically measured in terms of ___________________.

Terabytes - Terabytes of Big Data are generated quickly due to the massive amount of data that is collected from various data streams.

Some nonrelational databases support SQL-based languages.

True

What characteristic of Big Data indicates how closely that data matches reality?

Veracity - Veracity refers to how accurately data reflects reality. For example, a lot of negative reviews for a product could reflect that product's poor quality, or it could be the result of dishonest posts made by a competitor. When using Big Data, its veracity must be examined.

What is Batch processing?

When data is collected over a period of time and the processing happens later all at one time

Scaling out:

When the workload exceeds server capacity, it is spread out across several servers