ITE 221 ch 7

Modern LCD's use an _________ with one or more transistors for every pixel

Active matrix display

Video display colors are called _____________ and their invert colors are called _____________

Additive colors, subjective colors

A(n) ____ operates with an electrical charge and the attraction of ink to this charge.

laser printer

A ______________ scans for light or dark marks at specific locations on a page.

mark sensor

A ________ is simply a table of colors

palette

______________ is a process of recognizing and responding to the meaning embedded in spoken words, phrases, or sentences

speech recognition

An _______________ accepts a continuous electrical signal representing sound such as microphone input samples it as regular intervals and outputs a stream of bits representing the samples

Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

A device that generates spoken messages based on text and put his called an ____________

Audio response unit

The simplest type of _______ contains a series of vertical bars of equal length but varied thickness and spacing for example the UPC code on a box of cereal.

Bar code

A __________________ detect specific patterns of bars or boxes.

Bar-code scanner

He stored set of numbers describing the continent of all pixels in an image is called a ______

Bitmap

Microprocessors specialized for processing continuous streams of audio or graphical data

Digital signal processors (DSP)

A ____________________ performs the reverse transformation excepting a stream of a bits representing sound samples and generating a continuous electrical signal that can be amplified and routed to a speaker

Digital-to-analog converter (DAC)

The two most widely used video controller IDL's are __________ and __________

Direct3D, OpenGL

A ____________ moves a print head containing a matrix of pins over the paper

Dot matrix printer

In the United States, resolution is generally stated in _____________ with a dot equivalent to a pixel.

Dots per inch (dpi)

An _____________ places liquid ink directly onto paper

Inkjet printer

They use an integrated microprocessor, called a ____________ to generate bitstream outputs

Keyboard controller

The term plotter has faded in favor of the more descriptive term ____________.

Large-format printer

Displays based on ___________ are a more recent entrant to the flat panel display market

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)

______________ or another example of 2D barcodes

Quick response codes (QR)

Primary colors for video display are sometimes referred to by their first letters: ___

RGB

The number of refresh cycles per second is normally stated in hertz and called the ____.

Refresh rate

The __________ of a display is a number of pixels displayed per linear measure unit

Resolution

__________ Technology enables a flat panel display to function as both an input and output device

Touchscreen

Line drawings can be described as a _______________ series of concatenated or linked vectors that can be used to construct complex shapes, such as boxes, triangles and the inner and outer lines of the table or spreadsheet

Vector list

The __________ accepts commands and data from the CPU and memory and generates analog or digital video signals, which are transmitted to the monitor.

Video controller

Grayscale dithering is usually called ____.

half-toning

___________ (pointer) on a display device.

Cursor

An _________ addresses both drawbacks by storing images compactly

Image description language (IDL)

Printer technology can be classified into three common types:

Impact, inkjet, laser

_________ is a standard for storing and transporting control information between computers and electronic musical instruments.

Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)

An ______________ generates bitmap representations of printed images

Optical scanner

Modern LED displays often called ______________ displays achieve high-quality color display with organic compounds

Organic LED (OLED)

Data is encoded in patterns of small black and white blocks surrounded by vertical bars marking the left and right boundaries.

PDF417 format

_________ is an image description language design mainly for printed documents, although it can also be used to generate video display outputs

PanScript

Human speech consist of a series of sounds called________, roughly corresponding to the sound of each letter of the alphabet.

Phonemes

Light reflected from a mark, a symbol, or an object is reflected into a ___________

Photosensor

And each sale in the matrix represents one part of an image called a ________ (shortened form of picture element)

Pixel

In a ______________, each pixel contains a gas that emits ultraviolet light when electricity is applied

Plasma display

A ________ is a printer that generates line drawings on white sheets or rolls of paper

Plotter

Decades ago printers adopted 1/72 of an inch as a standard pixel size called a ______

Point

Newer computers use __________, or multi frequency, sound generation hardware with built-in amplification and high-quality speakers.

Polyphonic

In the early 1990s Adobe Systems Inc. developed _______________ a super set of postscript.

Portable document format (PDF)

General purpose audio hardware can be integrated on a computer or cell phone motherboard or packaged has an expansion car that connects to the system bus (commonly called a _____________)

Sound card

Most current speech recognition systems are ___________ which means they are trained to recognize the sounds of individual human speakers with acceptable accuracy

Speaker dependent

vocal sounds are stored in the system with

Speech synthesis

And a computer system sound generation and recognition are used for many purposes such as the following

-General purpose sound output such as warning status indicators and music -General purpose sound and put such as digital recording a voice email messages -Voice command input -speech recognition -Speech generation

Optical input devices can be classified into two broad categories

-Mark & pattern sensors - image capture devices

More elaborate cards might include the following:

-Multi channel surroundsound such as Dolby 5.1 -A general purpose musical instrument digital interface (MIDI) synthesizer -MIDI input and output jacks -A more powerful amplifier to accommodate larger speakers and generate more volume

Although the process of speech recognition is simple conceptually a number of factors complicated including the following

-speech variability -phoneme transitions and combinations -real-time processing

The MIDI standard to find the serial communication channel and a standard set of 1 to 3 byte commands for performing these task

-turn notes on and off -modulate pitch -mimic musical instrument controls such as a piano sustain pedal -select specific instruments or artificial sounds

If each color is represented by an eight bit number the chromatic depth is 2^(3x8) or around 16 million this scheme is sometimes called _________

24-bit color

The subtractive colors are cyan absence of red, magenta absence of green and yellow absence of blue and they're often referred to by the abbreviation ___

CMY

this four-dye scheme is called ____ color

CMYK

____________ is the ability of a substance or object to hold an electrical charge.

Capacitance

The number of distinct colors are gray shades that can be displayed is sometimes called the ____________ or ___________

Chromatic depth, chromatic resolution

Modern video monitors, often called _________________ use a wide variety of technologies to generate displays.

Flat panel displays

A collection of characters of similar style and appearance is called a _____

Font

Common bitmap compression formats include ________ and ___________ for still images and moving picture expert group (MPEG)

Graphics interchange format (GIF), joint photo graphic experts group (JPEG)

A _______ Display can display black, white and mini shades of gray in between.

Grayscale

A ________________ contains an matrix of liquid crystal sandwiched between two polarizing filter panels that block all light except light approaching from a specific angle

Liquid crystal display (LCD)

A small drop of ink is forced out of the nozzle in one of two ways:

Mechanical movement or heat

A ________ Display can display one of two colors so it requires only one bit per pixel

Monochrome

In _________ only one frequency can be generated at a time

Monophonic

____________ Devices combine optical scanning or digital camera technology with a special purpose processor or software to interpret bitmap content

Optical character recognition (OCR)

The process of converting analog soundwaves to digital representation is called __________ which analyzes the content of the audio sound spectrum many times per second and converts it into a numeric representation.

Sampling

To detect these bars, bar-code readers use _______________ that sweep a narrow laser beam back-and-forth across the bar code.

Scanning lasers

Active matrix displays are manufactured with __________ technology

Thin film transistor (TFT)

________ is a process that generates color approximations by placing small dots of different colors in an interlocking pattern

dithering

An IDL can represent image components as:

embedded fonts, vectors, curves and shapes, and embedded bitmaps.

Each transfer of a full screen of data from the display generator to the monitor is called a ____________

refresh cycle

When keys are pressed, a keyboard controller generates output called a(n) ____________________.

scan code

In graphics, a ____ is a line segment with a specific angle and length in relation to a point of origin.

vector