JBU-Art History 1-Exam 1-Demaris

The attributes and purpose of the Pantheon

"relating to, or common to all the gods"

The attributes and purpose of the Colosseum

-Animal sacrifices -executions, etc.

The architectural elements invented by Romans (identify them by image. You don't need to know the specific parts like keystone, crown, etc.)

-Arch -Barrel vault (tunnel vault) -Groin vault (cross vault) -Dome

Roman innovations in sculpture

-Bust portraits -Equestrian monuments -Return to Colossal Sculpture

Egyptian Akhenaten period (The style and Theology)

-Curvilinear forms -slightly more naturalistic -more humanity -Introduced Monotheism with his new god, "Aten" the sun god.

Coffered ceiling

A ceiling with a series of sunken pandels

Corinthian

A column with a lavish capital often in a floral pattern

Ionic

A column with a rounded capital that looks like an open scroll

Caryatid

A sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support

Metope

A square space between triglyphs

Peristyle

An open, columned porch often surrounding a courtyard

The Acropolis and the Parthenon (what they are, purpose, the primary architectural elements, goddess they honor, what optical refinements are)

Athenian Acropolis Parthenon-Temple of Athena the virgin goddess Acropolis-Temple of Athena the protector Optical refinements (pillars give an optical illusion)

Atrium Tetrastylum

Atrium with plants

Triglyph

Lines that fall in between metopes.

Forum

No roof

Basilica

Roof

In ancient times, what could be found in the apse of the basilica of Maxentius and Constantine?

Statues of the gods

Doric

The most modest type of column where the capital looks like a step

Cornice

The the side of a pediment

King Tut Facts

The tomb was found in the early 1900's. -Thought to be the son of Akhenaten and Nefertiti (brother and sister) -Probably died from various diseases and problems due to incest. -Died very fast and unexpectedly (we think) because the tomb was very small and things just thrown in there in an unorganized fashion. -2 wooden coffins symbolic of Wadjet (cobra god) and (Wekhbet) vulture god. -1 solid gold coffin -1 solid gold mask -1 coffin-ette for his inner organs

Capital

The top of a column.

Pediment

The triangular upper part of the front of a building in a classical style, typically above a portico of columns.

Purpose of the Pyramids of Gaza

To express Pharaoh's power in life and death. To house the dead and provide passage into the afterlife. To provide a place to worship and tend to the pharaohs after death.

Early Greek boy and girl statues

1. Kouros -young -healthy -mathematically proportioned -symmetrical -no personality or expression -in the nude 2. Kore -clothed -Archaic smile

Greek styles of pottery

1. Meander Pattern -shows the motion of the waves 2. Black-figure pottery 3. Red-figure pottery 4. White-ground pottery -Foreshortening-to reduce or history parts of an image in order to convey the illusion of 3-dimensional space.

The contrasting ways that the Egyptians depicted males and females in art

1. Men -Rigid -Geometric -Fist -Foot forward 2. Women -Relaxed -Curvilinear -Open Hand -Foot closer

Types of Megalithic Structures & Characteristics

1. Menhirs -Upright, single stones in rows, clusters, or individuals 2. Dolmen -Two or more vertical stones supporting a large single stone, like legs on a table (for tombs, etc.) 3. Cromlech -Groups of menhirs form circles or semicircles (marked a sacred place). 4. Post and Lintel -Construction like with the exterior of windows and doorways

3 things the Greeks introduced that are not art-related.

1. Olympic Games -Zeus, Poseidon, Athena, Hades, etc. 2. Democracy 3. Coins

The various human/societal values that were listed based on the art we've looked at thus far (fertility).

1. Prehistoric stone figures-Fertility 2. Prehistoric cave paintings-Survival 3. Prehistoric megalithic structures-Memoralizing 4. The art of ancient Egypt-Leadership/Afterlife 5. The art of ancient Greece-Themselves 6. The art of ancient Rome-Dominance

The different types of sculptures

1. Sculpture in the round -Can be seen and is sculpted 360 degrees 2. Sculpture in relief -bas-relief (low relief) --Only (less than) half of the sculpture is peeking out of the rock. -high relief --Half to 3/4 of the sculpture is molded out of the rock.

The Toman advances in urban engineering

1. Sewage systems 2. Aqueducts 3. Arches and domes 4. Widespread use of concrete

Construction used on Stonehenge

Cromlech, Poste & Lintel, Trilithon

Apse

Curved section

Frieze

Horizontal band of sculpted or painted decoration

Artistic conventions used by ancient Egyptians to indicate power or high social standing

-Rigid, erect pose -Stylized features -Clinched fist(s) -Geometric -Foot forward -Larger than women

The stylistic characteristics of the Greek Hellenistic period

1. Cherubs 2. Winged, mystical people 3. More dramatic-flowing clothing 4. More realistically proportioned body

The transition to bronze sculptures & advantages

1. Clay or plaster core 2. Modeled wax over core 3. Metal pines to stabilize layers of clay 4. Clay casing packed around wax rods 5. Melted wax drains out, leaving empty channels 6. Bronze poured in, air forced out 7. Clay mold broken to free casting 8. Channels and pins cut away

The "revolutionary" new pose/stance that the Greeks developed in sculpture.

Contrapposto -(counterpose in Italian) -A curving, asymmetrical arrangement of the human figure with the shoulders, hips, and legs in different planes.