Joint Word List

Ligamentum flavum

- Connect the laminae of adjacent vertebrae along the spine from inside of the spinal canal - During epidural or spinal tap needle has to puncture ligamentum flavum - Help maintain upright posture

Synovial fluid

- Lubricates the surfaces of the articular cartilages and reduces friction - Nourishes the chondrocytes - Acts as a shock absorber

KNEE FACT

- two menisci-one at the outer edge and one at the inner edge - menisci keep the knee steady by balancing the weight across the knee.

Symphysis

A type of joint that has grown together forming a very stable connection. (singular form of symphyses)

Intervertebral discs

Between each vertebrae are ________ that anchor the vertebrae to each other. They are essentially fibrocartilaginous pads that fill the gaps and provide padding to reduce friction between vertebrae. vary in thickness depending on the amount of weight that they bear, with the cervical region having the thinnest discs and the thickest residing in the lumbar region. In total, they account for about 25% of a person's height. They are flexible and can change shape to account for movement.

Interosseous membranes

Between the shafts of the two bones

Ligaments

Connect bone to bone

Tendons

Connect muscle to bone

Bony Fusion

NOTHING between the bones. Like fusion of frontal bones.

Articular capsule (joint capsule)

Surrounding the bones of the synovial joint is an _________ made of the layer of dense fibrous tissue known as the fibrous membrane.

Synovial membrane

The lining of a joint that secretes synovial fluid into the joint space.

Synovial cavity

The space between the articulating bones of a synovial joint, filled with synovial fluid. Also called a joint cavity. filled with fluid (ball and socket joints and hinge joints such as hip, knee, shoulder, elbow)

Gomphosis

Type of syndesmoses. a joint between a bone and a tooth such as between the mandible and a tooth. This articulation permits some movement of the teeth in case of trauma (a blow to the jaw) or chewing hard foods. Classified as fibrous joint.

Syndesmoses

are articulations in which two bones are somewhat roughened at the ends and bound together by a dense, fibrous connective tissue—namely, a ligament. A type of fibrous joint.

Synchondroses

are bones joined by hyaline cartilage and include joints that may be temporary or permanent. The epiphyseal plate (growth plate) of a growing long bone is an example of a temporary ___________. It forms between the epiphyses and diaphysis of a long bone and functions to add cartilage, which is later replaced with bone over the span of adolescence and early adulthood. In contrast, the _________ between the ribs and the sternum, and the cartilages between the vertebrae are permanent and present throughout life. Cartilaginous joints.

Symphyses

are joints filled by fibrocartilage which contains numerous bundles of thick collagen fibers, that give it greater ability to resist bending or pulling forces than the hyaline cartilage. ________ permits very limited movement and great strength. An example is the pubic _______ of the hip bone. Cartilaginous joints

Bursae

are sac-like structures filled with synovial fluid that cushion movement of one body part over another and are found at many synovial joints. Imagine the pillow inserted between the joint capsule and the tendon that runs over that joint. sac-like structures filled with synovial fluid that cushion movement of one body part over another

Sutures

are the articulations between the bones of the skull, and only present in the skull. They permit very little movement which contributes to the pliability and compliance of the cranium. A type of fibrous joint.

Synovial joints

are the type of joint found between bones that freely move against each other. allow for a wide range of movement but create weak spots when it comes to stability. These joints are reinforced by many accessory structures that make them stronger or prevent friction between the joint capsule and the overlying tendons. §A joint capsule §Articular cartilages §A joint/synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid §A synovial membrane §Accessory structures (ligaments, tendons, bursae) §The joint itself has no sensory nerves and blood vessels but all accessory elements do so it hurts when damaged

Tendon sheaths

are tube-like bursae that wrap around tendons that are subject to a great deal of friction.

Bones can be separated with

cartilage, fluid, fibrous tissue

Pubic symphysis

cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones fuse together

Arthroses (joints)

connections between two or more bones, connections between cartilage and bone, or connections between teeth and bone

Posterior longitudinal ligament

connects all the posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies

Anterior longitudinal ligament

connects the anterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies.

Interspinous ligament

connects the right and left sides of the spinous processes together

Supraspinous ligament

connects the tips of the spinous processes together

Hinge joints

flexion and extension joints such as the elbow, shoulder, knee, and head

Diarthrosis

freely movable joints. Shoulder joint, Elbow joint, Hip joint, Knee joint.. Typically found between long bones. Are SYNOVIAL JOINTS.

Plane joints

gliding joints such as one carpal with another, one tarsal with another, or the clavicle against the sternum.

Synarthrosis

immovable joint (frontal suture)

Menisci

is a C-shaped disc around the knee joint. There are two menisci: one at the outer edge and one at the inner edge. They function to keep the knee steady by balancing the weight across the knee.

Epiphyseal cartilages

is an example of a temporary synchondrosis. It forms between the epiphyses and diaphysis of a long bone and functions to add cartilage, which is later replaced with bone over the span of adolescence and early adulthood

Accessory structures

ligaments, tendons, bursae, and menisci

anulus fibrosus

outer collar composed of collagen and fibrocartilage

Pivot joints

rotational movements such as the hip joint or between atlas and axis of the vertebral column

Amphiarthrosis

slightly movable joint (pubic symphysis)

Articular cartilage

that covers the articulating surfaces of the bones that form a joint. This inner membrane and cartilage are arranged into a kind of flattened pocket between the bones.

Cartilaginous joints

the articulating bones are held together by cartilage (cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue). This permits a little movement and includes two types a well; synchondroses and symphyses. Lack a synovial cavity.

Fibrous joints

the bones are held together by a dense fibrous connective tissue. This type of joint permits little to no movement. There are two subtypes of ________ - sutures and syndesmoses (singular - syndesmosis). Lack a synovial cavity Example: skull sutures, gomphosis.

nucleus pulposus

the soft, fibrocartilaginous, central portion of intervertebral disk

Sacroiliac joint

§Connects sacrum to hip bones §Sacroiliac ligaments are very painful if stretched §Sacroiliac (SI) joint pain is felt in the low back and buttocks - Gives similar symptoms to the bulging disc - When SI joint moves so does the pubic symphysis