Joints pg 163-171

Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?

calcitonin

PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?

calcitriol

Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?

calcitriol

Which of these bones is most susceptible to fractures?

osteoporotic bones

What type of joint is found between the atlas and the dens of the axis?

pivot

How would you classify the shoulder and hip joints?

Ball and socket

Place the following events in the appropriate order for healing a bone fracture.

Blood filled swelling, fibrocartilage callus, bony callus, bone remodeling

Diarthroses have a greater degree of mobility and flexibility than synarthroses

True

Two or more bones meet at a location called a(n) ________.

articulation joint

The type of joint shown in the figure is ________.

synovial joint

Plane, hinge, and pivot joints are examples of ________.

synovial joints

Which of the following is advised treatment for gout?

weight loss; avoid foods high in nucleic acids; avoid alcohol; take ibuprofen

Julie fell off her horse and dislocated her right shoulder. The primary treatment to resolve this injury is __________.

Reduction

Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?)

Stimulates increase osteoblasts activity on bone

Osteoporosis is a bone-thinning disease that often affects young women.

False

Which of these statements describes a function of fontanels?

Fontanels allow the fetal skull to be compressed slightly during childbirth.

The prefix osteo- means "bone." The prefix malle- means "hammer." The prefix meta- means "between," "along" or "after." The prefix amphi- means "both." The prefix syn- means together.

Root words

1. Bones increase in diameter through the process of appositional growth 2. Bones increase in length by the process of ossification. 3. A person with epiphyseal lines is not growing taller. 4. A person with epiphyseal plates is growing taller.

Terms

A(n) osteoclast is a cell that breaks down bone matrix. A joint that is slightly moveable is classified as a(n) amphiarthrosis joint. A membrane that holds the elbow joint together is called a(n) synovial membrane. The bones between the phalanges and tarsals are the metatarsal. The mallet-shaped protrusion on the inside of the ankle is the medial malleolus.

Vocab

What will decrease a person's risk for development of the bone-thinning disease known as osteoporosis?

Weight-bearing exercises

Immovable joints are functionally classified as ________.

synarthroses

How is a ball-and-socket joint classified?

synovial joint

What is the distinguishing feature of a synovial joint?

joint cavity

Fibrocartilage Callus: Granulation tissue forms, Phagocytosis of dead tissue, a combination of cartilage matrix, bony matrix, and collagen fibers Bony Callus: Spongy bone, Osteoblasts and osteoclasts migrate and multiply

Callus

1. Osteocyte: a mature bone cell trapped in bone matrix. 2. Osteoblast: a cell that stores calcium in bone by making new bone matrix. 3. Osteoclast: a cell that releases calcium from bone, increasing blood calcium levels. 4. Osteoclast: parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates this type of cell.

Ossification is a dynamic process involving several different cell types with roles related to bone growth.

Select the functional type of joint with the least amount of mobility.

Synarthrosis

What type of joint is characterized by the presence of a joint cavity, ligaments, and articular cartilage with an articular capsule?

Synovial joint