Josh's REHS Study Guide
A well for a private home should preferably have a capacity (well yield) of at least _______ as a minimum for domestic water use in serving a 3-bedroom house.
300 gal/hr
What to be concerned about inspecting a plot for a septic? 576-90, 556 a)area proposed or alternative system b) the well
???? Possibly B
Why do bacterial testing? 292-98 a) assess type of bacteria b) assess amount of bacteria c) test potability
?????? minimum test for coliforms; positive test = likely sewage contamination Steve answered b
Which is not spread by nose, throat discharge? a) shigella, b) TB c) flu
A
Where would you put a radon detector in a school? a) ground floor classroom b) stairwell with little ventilation c) upper level classroom
A Lacey Said A Steve's choices included those plus: in a crawl space below ground level Steve's answer.
What is Psittacosis
Comes from bird droppings, pneumonia like
How far can a fly burrow in soil?
Compacted = 6 inches, 5ft uncompacted????
Hemolytic Uretic syndrome caused by?
E. Coli 0157: H7
Know the zones of stratification in a lake: Eutropia
Eutrophic: productive; together with proper nutrients, increases the growth of aquatic plants, particularly algae, and the lake becomes mature, with low water transparency, large organic deposits colored brown or black, and often hydrogen sulfide odors. If there is an excess of nutrients, the algal growths greatly increase (''bloom''), die, and decay. The decay process uses up more oxygen to the point of there not being enough for other forms of aquatic life. As the growth and decay progress, the lake fills with organic matter and silt to become a marsh and, eventually, dry land.
What to throw out after a flood, type of container to use?
Everything, cans or plastic bags...can keep canned food
What does the date on the carton of milk mean?
Expiration date (1074-1106) Specific choices for the answer: last date the milk should be sold or last date to be consumed
What is the best test for fecal contamination?
Total coliform
Body burden
Total effect on body from ingestion/ exposure to toxic chem In air, food, or water
How far above a floor drain should the ice machine drain line be?
Twice the diameter of the pipe
Why does the ventilation system in a building work worse in the winter when the building is sealed?
convective currents; cold air, the air is messed up because of it's density; hot air is lighter and therefore a greater amount can be moved through the vents in warmer weather.
Know due process and bill of rights... as in what guarantees your right to a fair trail etc...
due process (more fully due process of law) is the principle that the government must respect all of a person's legal rights instead of just some or most of those legal rights when the government deprives a person of life, liberty, or property.
Calculate incident rate
(# cases / population exposed) x 1000
What is not a requirement for playgrounds?
(?????Don't know which of these...wheel chair access, pitching, signage) I think it is pitching
What is the temperature 12' off the ground in winter at a childcare? (possibly inches) a) 60 b)65 c)70
(according to Terese P. at the state and Donna HB, the true answer is 68) so... C
RCRA
"Cradle to grave" for hazardous waste
What should be an inspector's main concern with a humidifier in the infant room of the childcare? a) bacterial issues b) higher humidity causes mold, c) rash on babies head d) mold inside the humidifier
D Steve's answer included increase of mold and bacterial growth inside the room...answer D was not an option. Laceys test had some bacteria build up on humidifier for D. that's what I answered
Who inspects pipelines
DOT
Who regulated the transportation of hazardous waste
DOT
Which is the preferred field test for a water system (for residual chlorine)?
DPD
most prominent test for chlorine
DPD test
What happens if alkalinity is too low in pools?
Damages pool, unstable ph, chlorine is less effective, results in acidic water: stinging eyes, nasal passages, and skin
When collecting drinking water samples from municipal supplies, the sample container should include sodium thiosulfate which will:
Dechlorinate the sample
Which source of water has the greatest natural protection from bacterial contamination?
Deep well in gravel
Muerto Canyon Virus (MCV) is a hantavirus mainly carried by:
Deer Mice
Hantavirus is caused by?
Deer mice
Which species appears to be the primary reservoir for hantavirus?
Deer mice
Muerto Canyon virus is caused by what vector?
Deer mice ( Sin Nombre virus)
Goiter is a thyroid disorder usually caused by a:
Deficient iodine intake in the diet
Know about type A hazardous waste
Degrades in 100 years
What is the definition of aggressive water?
Deionized, corrosive, soft and acidic; can corrode plumbing
What is enzootic?
Denoting a disease that regularly affects animals in a particular district or season
Who creates standards for noise?
Department of labor
What is the genus name of a tick or hard body tick?
Dermacentor
What is the vector known to cause Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
Dermacentor (NOTE: Ixodes are the ticks that cause lyme disease)
Who conducts tests to determine dose-response information for specific organisms and routes of exposure
Descriptive Toxicologists
What is the best definition for Settling Tanks (Clarifiers)?
Designed to separate solids from wastewater. Settled solids are pumped back to the head or the aeration tank or they pump to the solids handling facility. RAS System consists of pumps, timers variable speed controllers, flow measuring system. WAS system consists of pumps, timers, variable speed controllers, and flow measuring devices or just a draw off valve. (all of the above)
The study guide text recommends that copper sulfate be flushed down the toilet at a rate of 2 -3 pounds per year to:
Destroy tree roots that may crack sewer lines
NTU are most commonly used to?
Determine turbidity
a PERC test is
Determines porosity of soil via ground absorption factor
What does a psychrometer measure?
Dew point (humidity)
Which is an example or a non-communicable disease? (Diabetes, cholera, influenza, measles
Diabetes
Who determines the probable toxic agent responsible for manifest
Diagnostic or clinical toxicologists
Which type of filter is best to use to strain/remove amoebic cysts?
Diatomaceous Earth Filter, Slow Sand and/or Cartridge
A chemical compound being used in recent years to control cockroaches that have become resistant to previously used insecticides is:
Diazanon
Low alkalinity water may lead to:
Difficulty in maintaining Ph Deterioration of the pool lining
What is the mode of transmission of Scabies?
Direct skin-to-skin contact
Contamination in a block of ice can be identified by
Discoloration in the geometric center
What is zoonosis?
Disease transmitted by vertebrate animals to humans
In an attempt to control insects, pheromone traps can be used effectively in managing pests. Which of the following is not one of the expected results?
Disruption of the insects normal growth and development
What makes water have a color?
Dissolved Solids
When placing a septic tank what is NOT important?
Distance to bedrock
A principle which affects the external radiation protection includes?
Distance, Shielding, and Time of Exposure (Choose ALL OF THE ABOVE)
Define misfeasance
Doing a proper act in an improper manner
Which distance is less critical? Well to drain field, drain field to water table, or drain field to bedrock
Drain field to bedrock
What should be considered when installing a well?
Drainfield
What type of well is considered least likely to become contaminated: Drilled Bored Driven Dug
Drilled
What type of well is least likely to become contaminated?
Drilled
Given that the following aquifer (underground water source) is a safe and adequate source, which of the following wells is considered the most likely to provide non-contaminated water?
Drilled wells
What are the four uses of potable drinking water?
Drinking, culinary, bathing, laundry purposes
Which of the following is an example of direct transmission of an infectious agent?
Droplets transmitted by coughing on a person
Most accidents around swimming pools:
Drowning
What are the 7 tips for a healthy home? Keep it...
Dry, clean, safe, well-ventilated, pest free, contaminant free, well-maintained
prevents the reverse flow of hot or cold polluted water from entering into the potable water supply.
Dual Check Valves with Intermediate Atmospheric Vent
For fire safety requirements a room must have:
Dual Egress
Undercooked hamburgers can cause serious illness in young children due to this pathogen:
E coli
Uremic syndrome
E coli
When assessing a site for a future treatment plant against regulations what is this called?
EIS - Environmental Impact Survey
Who is authorized to regulate FIFRA (Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act)?
EPA
Who protects waterways?
EPA
Travelers diarrhea is caused by which E. Coli (acronym)?
ETEC (Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli)
When do you spray for ragweed?
Early or mid spring
Tapeworm infection is probably due to:
Echinococcus
The Registered Sanitarians are first and foremost:
Educators
What type of cockroach is referred to as a water bug?
Either American or Oriental
Which of the following is NOT a major source of sulfur dioxide?
Electrical substations
The most effective measures for mosquito control it to?
Eliminate the breeding places.
What is the legal order prohibiting the removal or use of something?
Embargo
The constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographic area defines:
Endemic
What is the cause of amoebic dysentery ?
Entamoeba histolytica (protozoa)
What disease is most likely to be spread by a bite or scratch in a childcare facility?
Enteric and respiratory diseases; transmission via fecal-oral route
At what time interval should water in a spa, whirlpool or hot tub recirculate?
Entire body of water should recirculate in 30 minutes (30 minute turnover rate)
Who specializes in the impact of the toxic substances on ecosystems and the exposure of humans to toxic substances by air.
Environmental toxicologists
The food allergen test being utilized to give food processors accurate results is the:
Enzyme-linked immunoassay test
The presence in a community or region of cases of illness (or an outbreak) clearly in excess of expected is defined as:
Epidemic
What is night soil?
Euphemism for human waste collected at night from cess pools, privies, etc.
An old lake is considered
Eutrophic
If a building is to be found to have Sick Building Syndrome, what is the first thing you should do?
Evacuate the building
How often should a septic tank for a private home be serviced?
Every 3-5 years
How frequently are emergency response plans, nuclear power plans, reviewed?
Every two years
Water containing Nitrates generally indicates?
Evidence of agricultural pollution (Note: Ammonia in the water comes from decomposition of organic matter and is evidence of fresh water pollution.)
Which answer would be best for most irritation to the eyes when in a swimming pool?
Excess amounts of chloramines (could also be high pH)
Waste matter eliminated from the body, containing about 27 grams per person per day and containing 400 billion Escherichia coli is the definition of:
Excreta
What is the preferred method of water for a new area
Extend water lines if close
How to tell if fish is fresh Talked about which choice is NOT a sign of rotten fish...lacey said bright red gills
Eyes are clean and bulge a little, firm and shiny flesh and bright red gills, flesh springs back when pressed, no darkening around the edges or brown or yellowish discoloration, smells fresh and mild and not ammonia-like
Fast food facilities create the most
F.O.G (fats, oil, grease)
The concentration resulting from a continuous emission of a pollutant is directly proportional to wind speed?
FALSE (it's INVERSELY proportional)
What agencies respond to bioterrorism attacks?
FBI weapons of mass destruction coordinator, FBI joint terrorism task force, certified hazmat unit, local law enforcement, local public health department
The agency responsible for protecting our food from adulteration, being misbranded and/or containing carcinogens on a natural level is:
FDA
What agency is responsible for shellfish tags?
FDA
Who control the shellfish tag
FDA- National Shellfish Sanitation Program
Which test is initially used if water is suspected of contamination with fecal matter?
FECAL coliform.
What is the Federal agency responsible for disaster response?
FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency)
What is nonfeasance?
Failure to act where action is required; willingfully or in neglect or failure to do an official duty w/o sufficient excuse
One of the most common reasons for the contamination of the water supply coming from a drilled well through rock, clay or hardpan is;
Failure to seal the well casing properly, improper grouting
What does area or ramp method (sanitary landfill) have?
Fairly flat, rolling terrain. Side slopes of 20-30%, base depends on limiting layers and control measures
What is the most common type of injury that occurs at home?
Falling (children 1-4)
An emergency plan cannot be effective unless accompanied by a training program. The objective of training is to:
Familiarize personnel with the content of the plan Test the preparedness of the response personnel Test emergency equipment
Which is the best place to store shellfish in a walk in refrigerator?
Far from the entrance door (on a lower shelf)
How is Hep A contracted?
Fecal-Oral
What is the most likely cause of typhoid fever? The question had to do with what was a more likely cause: sewage runoff into a river from a chicken farm or a pit privy next to a drinking water spring.
Feces and urine of carrier; contaminated water, milk or shellfish; Mainly due to sewage polluted water. Privy/sewer line next to well----steve's answer.
What is FIFRA
Federal insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide act (EPA) requires registration of pesticides
A small pond near a farm experienced an algae bloom. Which of the following was most likely the cause
Fertilizer runoff causing an increase in nitrogen and phosphorus
A public park owner refuses to repair a sewage leak. What should the sanitarian do?
File an injunction/summary statement
Which type of pool is prohibited from use by most Health Departments?
Fill and Draw pools
To properly remove Giardia cysts which of the following must occur.
Filter 500g of water through a 1 micron filer
Which one is not considered the responsibility of the incident commander during a disaster incident?
Finances
The composition of soil under an OSS drainfield is very important in the removal of both viruses and bacteria. Which of the following soil conditions is most favorable for removal of viruses?
Fine loamy sand over course sand or gravel
Tenement housing act of 1867 provisions:
Fire escapes for each suite, all rooms for sleeping must have a ventilating window (NY state law)
What is NOT needed in prisons for fire safety?
Fire retardant privacy curtains. (what IS needed are uncluttered cells, over ride on cell doors, and an evacuation plan).
What type of equipment is needed in an emergency response?
Firefighting, medical, meteorological, PPE, security and access control, spill and vapor control, and resource assessment
Which place can we test radon in school?
First floor (or lowest floor-basement is best)
What part of schools should be tested for radon?
First floor classrooms
Who becomes the incident commander in emergency situations?
First onsite senior emergency response official
During a disaster, Health Personnel are?
First responders
Department of transportation HAZMAT book is used for...
First responders for chemical ID
This devise uses a hydrogen flame to ionize the compound
Flame Ionization Detector
There has been a flood and the septic tank has not been buried. What is a concern for pumping?
Floating of the tank
What does the term "bulking" refer to in sewage treatment?
Flocculants in primary treatment contain sheathed bacteria and would not settle.
Physical processes transforms smaller particles into larger particles
Flocculation
What should an ice machine disposal hook up to?
Floor drain with air gap
What is the most important rule of food storage?
Follow the "First In, First Out" rule
What is NJSA 24?
Food and drug code
In daycare center patrons, what is a common problem?
Food poisoning
A temporary food service caterer may not accept food from which of the following?
Food prepared from home.
What control measure is used to elevate the amount of food available per pound of mixed liquor suspended Solids?
Food to Microorganism Ratio F:M
What is Food Net?
Foodborne diseases active surveillance network. Has been monitoring foodborne diseases in US since 1996
What is the inverse square law?
For radiation, light, sound - by doubling the distance from the source the dose rate is quartered
Most contaminate gases that can potentially concentrate in the home are colorless and odorless. Which of the following does have a distinctive odor?
Formaldehyde
Asbestos found in older homes
Found in homes built in and before the 1970's (found in floor tiles and acoustic plaster ceiling when it deteriorates.)
The most effective practice for preventing trichinosis in humans is to:
Freeze meat upon purchase
The sitting of a properly designed landfill must be suitable:
From an environmental standpoint Geologically Hydro-geologically
Which one is best used to remove/control color, taste, and odor?
GAC-granular activated carbon filter
What should be used around water/pools to prevent shocks and electric hazards?
GFCI sockets (outdoor use), GFI sockets (indoor use).
Grinding of grbage is an acceptable method of
Garbage disposal
What are the most common contaminants found in an automobile crank shaft? (Crank case)
Gasoline and phenols
Most abundant cockroach in the US
German
What cockroach is most common in urban areas
German
What is the most common cockroach in US?
German
Which is the most common type of cock roach?
German
Which of the following species of cockroaches causes widespread problems in food service establishments, often contaminating food and food preparation surfaces?
German
Which is the most common roach species in the kitchen and table area?
German Cockroach
Sampling for this waterborne disease pathogen involves the filtration of about 500 gallons through a one micrometer pore size filter at a rate of 1 gal/minute.
Giardia lambia
Salvato's data regarding residential waste, suggests this component has seen the largest percent by decrease by weight:
Glass
Most drinking water samples collected are using this technique:
Grab sampling
Product specifications include all of the following except?
Granular (specs include weight, quality, and content)
What is the particle count for urban areas
Greater than 50,000
What sound level is considered unsafe?
Greater than 90 dBa
Q=KIA
Groundwater flow, flow through an underground formation.
which of these techniques is used to properly seal a drilled well to prevent contamination of the water supply?
Grouting
What is the best way to prevent groundwater contamination in wells?
Grouting the annular space
cooling and reheating Potentially Hazardous Foods in bulk does NOT require
HACCP plan (hazard analysis critical control point)
According to Marriott, which of the following communicable diseases cannot be transmitted by food:
HIV AIDS
A chemical reaction occurs when chlorine is added to water. The pH of the end product is 8.00. Which of the following equations is the best representation of the reaction?
HOCL-----> H+ OCL-
Which organization regulates that the structure of a house is properly constructed?
HUD
Which agency deals with mobile homes?
HUD , department of housing and urban development
radiation shielding
Half valve layer (HVL)
Which airflow from hospitals is least critical?
Hallway to dirty laundry area
The majority of nasocrominal infections can be prevented by:
Hand washing
What body part is the most likely to transmit disease?
Hands
When we store food that contains spores of bacteria, the spores:
Have no significant change
any physical, chemical, or biological property that may cause unacceptable consumer health risk
Hazard
What does HACCP stand for?
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points
What rule sets the requirement for what information is required to be on the MSDS sheet
Hazard Communication Standard
What are the two parts of HACCP
Hazard analysis, critical control point
This type of waste exhibits one or more of the following characteristics: Toxic, ignitable, corrosive, or reactive
Hazardous Waste
There are proven health risks associated with
Hazardous Wastes
Who are the primary stakeholders of a temporary food event?
Health department or regulating authority and the food vendors and event planner
A pool that has been officially closed can only be reopened by a:
Health department rep
What is HIA ?
Health impact assessment. A combination of procedures, methods, or tools by which a policy program or project may be judged as to its potential effects on the health of a population and the distribution of those effects within the populatiom
How should you properly cook custard pies?
Heat to 155 degrees F fo 15 seconds
How to properly heat unpasteurized eggs?
Heat to 155 degrees F for 15 seconds
Escherichea Coli 015 7:H7 causes which Syndrome
Hemolytic Uremic
As a result of the findings in altona, Germany and many similar efforts, water treatment has eliminated many rampant diseases in developing areas of the world. Which of the following is not a disease that water treatment has helped eliminate?
Hep A
Wastewater treatment workers are more susceptible to
Hep A
What disease is commonly spread through wastewater?
Hep A
Infection most likely to spread in a jail
Hep B&C, HIV, TB
Which form of Hepatitis is spread by the fecal oral route?
Hepatitis A
Which is transmitted by food or water?
Hepatitis A
Workers at wastewater treatment plant get
Hepatitis A
What is the great risk associated with handling blood borne pathogen? What are you at the greatest risk of catching?
Hepatitis and/or HIV
What three viruses cause the largest number of known cases of illness through contaminated food:
Hepatitis, Rotavirus, Norovirus
A possible cause of methemoglobinemia is?
High concentrations of Nitrates in drinking water
Particle size selective inlets are used to separate particulates above and below 2-3 microns in size on?
High volume samplers
Which of the following best describes Pertussis?
Highly contagious respiratory tract infection. In many people, it's marked by a severe hacking cough followed by a high-pitched intake of breath that sounds like "whoop."`
When using a DPD color test for pool, what should you do to best determine the actual color?
Hold it against a white sheet of paper.
What is joist?
Horizontal support
Nosocomial infections
Hospital acquired infections that result in additional morbidity, mortality, and costs pointing to the need for great infection surveillance and control
Noscomial infections are most severe in
Hospitals
Nosocomial infections are ailments designated as those acquired in:
Hospitals
What is considered comminuted?
Hot dogs and hamburgers
What are the holding temps to reduce foodborne illness?
Hot foods: 135-140 degrees F; cold foods: 40-45 degrees F
Mus musculus is the genus name for?
House mouse
Household hazardous wastes according to RCRA?
Household hazardous waste is EXEMPT from RCRA
According to RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) how are household hazardous wastes disposed of?
Household hazardous wastes is exempt
During an emergency event, there is a worry about a hanta virus outbreak. What educational measures should be put into place to help the public
How to prevent rodents
What is the danger or hazard posed by etiological agents
Human disease
Scabies is contracted by which of the following ways?
Human to human contact (and is a mite which requires blood for survival).
Flu virus is mainly passed via
Humans
What is most likely to contaminate food?
Humans
Backsiphonage may be prevented by all of the following methods except:
Hydrostatic loops
In relation to water treatment at a POTW, which of the following forms of chlorine has the greatest disinfection powers when added to water?
Hypochlorus
A gram-negative phosphates test of a milk product indicates what?
If the milk has been properly pasteurized
Rocks that are formed by cooling and hardening of molten rock masses; such as quartz, feldspar, and mica are classified as:
Igneous
Define ignitability
Ignitable wastes can create fires under certain conditions, are spontaneously combustible, or have a flash point less than 60 degrees celcius. Ex: waste oils
What are the characteristics of hazardous waste as defined by the EPA?
Ignitable, corrosive, reactive, toxic
When must a priority foundation violation be corrected ?
Immediately or within 10 days
Nosocomial infection in hospitals are a result of?
Improper hand washing (sterilize equipment and properly was hands.)
What is the most common contributing factor to foodborne illness?
Improper holding temperatures
Complaining of extreme eye irritation by swimmers in a swimming pool may be:
Improper pH value
In epidemiologic terms, the number of new cases per unit of person-time risk is known as:
Incidence rate
What is ICS?
Incident Command System , a systematic tool for the command, control, and coordination of emergency response
What is a cement kiln used for?
Incineration of hazardous waste
If a homeowner insists that a garbage disposal unit be installed under the kitchen sink, the septic tank initially recommended should be:
Increased in size by 50%
The bacterial examination of drinking water quality should always include tests for total organisms of the coliform group because their presence is:
Indicative of fecal contamination or sewage
The technical term for a skin injury on the job is
Industrial dermatoses (accounts for 23-35% of all injuries)
What are the nonpotable uses of water?
Industrial purposes, agricultural irrigation, GWr recharge, desert reclamation, fish farming, irrigation of lawns etc, landscape and golf course watering, toilet flushing
Biological hazard can cause
Infection or disease
Cause of illness in each common foodborne illness organism
Infection: Intoxication:
What is scabies?
Infectious disease of the skin caused by burrowing of the female mite into the skin where it deposits its eggs
What would be an obvious symptom of myiasis in a baby?
Infested with maggots... vomit diarrhea, skin infections infected with maggots; Periorbital swelling is common in children. It may result from trauma, infection, allergy or, rarely, tumor. Periorbital cellulitis, orbital cellulitis and dacrocystitis are the leading infectious causes of periorbital swelling and may be difficult to distinguish. Question had to do with observing maggots in a baby's nose
Which of the following best defines Poor Construction?
Inflow and infiltration, root intrusion
This category of air pollutants includes the oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulfur, and carbon monoxide
Inorganic Gases
The poliomyelitis virus can potentially be isolated from all of the following except:
Insects
What are the symbols of USDA?
Inspection: circle. Quality: shield
Body art sanitary practices
Instrument Sterilization (a) The sterilizer shall be designed and labeled as a medical instrument sterilizer. (b) The operators' manual for the sterilizer shall be available on the premise and the sterilizer shall be operated according to manufacturer's recommendations. (c) The sterilizer shall be cleaned and maintained according to manufacturer's specifications. (d) A sterilizer load log shall be maintained for a minimum of three years at the facility and made available for inspection. The log shall contain the following documentation for each load: 1. Description of instruments contained in the load; 2. Date of sterilization load, and time or other unique identifier if more than one load is processed during a single day; 3. Sterilizer cycle time and temperature; 4. Indication of proper sterilization of instruments, as evidenced by the appropriate color indicator change on each package. Indicator used shall be compatible with the sterilization process being used; and 5. Action taken when appropriate color indicator change did not occur. (e) Sterilizer Monitoring 1. Sterilizer monitoring shall be performed at least monthly (unless more frequent monitoring is specified by the manufacturer) by using a commercial biological monitoring (spore) system. 2. All biological indicators shall be analyzed by a laboratory independent from the establishment. 3. Biological indicator test results shall be maintained on the premises for a minimum of three (3) years and must be available for inspection at all times.
What does ISO stand for?
International organization for standardization
What is the principle of multiple barriers?
Interruption of disease at each if the three points of disease transmission ( host, environment, and agent)
What is the first thing you do if you suspectseveral workers are ill from sick building syndrome?
Interview complainant (s)
The accumulation and/or increased concentration of a continuously emitted pollutant is what?
Inversely proportional to wind speed
Which sanitizer are not affected by water hardness and will prevent accumulation of minerals if used regularly?
Iodine
Which of the following sanitizers is most effective in destroying viruses?
Iodine compounds
What is the most practical method of removing nitrates from water?
Ion exchange
Exposure to formaldehyde can cause
Irritation to the respiratory passage, contact dermatitis, disturbed sleep (all is the answer)
A physical cross connection?
Is a connection which may permit/allow the flow from an unapproved (non-potable, ie. sewer) water supply into a potable (approved) water supply.
Which of the following best describes Hepatitis B?
Is transmitted when blood, semen, or other body fluids from a person infected enters the body of someone who is not infected.
Which is not true of RBC in wastewater treatment?
It is a completely anaerobic process
What is the importance of Darcy's Law?
It is a derived constitutive equation that describes the flow of a fluid through a porous medium. the law was formulated by Henry Darcy based on the results of his experiment on the flow of water through beds of sand. It also forms the scientific basis of fluid permeability used in the earth sciences.
The EPA has set strict standards to limit THMs in drinking water because:
It is potential as a possible human carcinogen It imparts a phenol-like odor in drinking water It is toxic to humans and animals
What is the correct effect of adding CO2 to a septic tank?
It reduces ph. By adding co2 you can prevent high ph in effluent
Which of the following is not true concerning Q Fever?
It's never transmitted person to person
Type of tick that transfers Rocky Mountain Spotted fever?
Ixcodes scapularis (deer tick)
There are 1600 known foods to cause allergic reactions. Which is the following is not in the so called big eight food categories:
Jalapeno peppers
Chemical sanitizer does what?
Kills some but not all bacteria. Usually reduces to a generally acceptable level for public health standards
The median lethal dose causing death in 50% of the animals exposed by swallowing a substance
LD50 (Lethal Dose 50)
When a well shows the presence of bacterial contamination, it is usually due to:
Lack of improper disinfection Failure to properly seal the annular space between the hole and the casing Failure to provide a tight sanitary seal at the top of the wellhead
4 types of releases for hazmat
Land, Air, Water, Ground Water
what bacteria causes pneumonia like symptoms and is found in air conditioning and coolant?
Legionella
What disease is transmitted by rat urine?
Leptospirosis
What are the outbreak times?
Less than 1 hour : chemical poisoning 1-7 hours : staphylloccous food poisoning 8-14 hours: C Perfringeas food poisoning Greater than 14 hrs: other infectious or toxic agents
Keeping hot foods hot and cold foods cold refers to temperatures?
Less than 41f and greater than 135f
What are the Levels of Emergency Warning (ER Planning and Response)?
Level 1-ALERT, Level 2-EMERGENCY, Level 3-GENERAL EMERGENCY (Level 1 is an alert to everyone that a hazard may exist, Level 2 is a site specific/area specific alert ER personnel only, and Level 3 is a general alert to all that ER does exist)
What is the most common level used in a sound level meter?
Level A
EPA identifies four levels of PPE to be worn when responding to chemical spills. Providing protection against normal workplace hazards including; safety glasses, hard hats, and leather work gloves is considered:
Level D
Trench method (sanitary landfill) has
Level or moderately sloping topography, shallow excavation, 20-25' wide, control measures
Karst areas are formed by movement of groundwater through:
Limestone
Which bacteria does HACCP target?
Listeria monocytogenes
The text states that 5-10% of all raw bovine milk is contaminated with this microorganism:
Listeria monocytogens
Who regulates the disposal of Household Hazardous wastes?
Local (exempt from RCRA)
Who enforces sound violations at mass gatherings?
Local law enforcement
Ehrlichiosis is caused by?
Lone Star ticks (Amblyomma)
What is the biggest obstacle in communicating food inspection results?
Loud/busy kitchen
Sound frequencies of ________ intensity, but ________ frequency are most effective against bacteria
Low, high
What is the effect of adding co2 to a septic tank?
Lowers ph
When testing for radon in schools where is the best place to test?
Lowest rooms in the building
The health hazard associated with long term exposure to higher that accepted levels of radon is:
Lung cancer
Hantavirus affects which primary organ?
Lungs
House mice can carry the disease:
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis, or LCM (it's a rodent-borne viral infectious disease)
When the following drinking water standards is not enforceable, but merely offered as recommendations?
MGCLs
What must an employer do under the hazard communication act?
MSDS provided; labeling; To ensure that employees are aware of hazards un the workplace
What is myasis?
Maggots in babies' noses (flies depsit larvbae which attach to the skin).
Virus destruction at water treatment plants
Maintain free chlorine residual and low turbidity, less than 1 NTU
What is the most important aspect in controlling roaches?
Maintaining good general sanitation
What is hard water?
Makes water more difficult to produce suds or rinse laundry, dishes. Caused by calcium and bicarbonates, sulfates, and chlorides in well water
Doing the wrong thing the wrong way
Malfeasance
The REHS did something that they knew was unlawful and they did it in an unapproved way
Malfeasance
Who is responsible at a tattoo parlor?
Manager/employees
Which of the following is the most effective technique for ceasing operation of a non-complying establishment?
Mandatory injunction, revoking the license, injunction (all of the above is the answer)
What are the four types of incinerators?
Mass-fixed, refuse-derived fuel fixed, modular combustion units, on-site commercial and industrial units
Sound is brought about through vibration conducted through
Matter (solid, liquid, gas)
Which of the following is the best definition for Floatable Solids?
Matter in wastewater which will not stay in suspension during a preselected settling period, such as One Hour, but floats to the top. ( Oil & Grease )
What are MClGS?
Max contaminant level goals. Ideal levels, not enforceable
What are MCLS?
Max contaminant levels. Enforceable and must be set as close to MCLgS as feasibly possible
MCL stands for
Maximum contaminate Level
What is a max permissible dose?
Maximum permissible dose sets limits for adult radiation workers
NTU: what is it?
Measures suspended solids - turbidity, Nephelometric turbidity unit
Which of the following best defines Organic Loading?
Measures the amount of food available for microbes, Too much food overloads treatment system, results in poor treatment, Too little microbes will go dormant and/or die off (all of the above)
Botulism, caused by C. Botulinum, is a hazard in prepared foods in which oxygen has been driven off in cooking and in which the food is shielded from oxygen and kept warm, permitting surviving spores to germinate and produce the deadly toxin. Which of the following is a possible example of this occurring?
Meat pies Sautéed onions Garlic in olive oil
Dusts are formed by what mechanism?
Mechanical disintegration
Identifying the mechanisms by which the toxic substances produces its effects within the organisms
Mechanistic Toxicologists
Which of the following types of special waste should be collected separately?
Medical Animal Waste oil Old tires
Which duty is most important for health personnel during a disaster?
Medical and dental services
Before REHS begins a community project
Meetings of the community group must be called to identify problems
Workers in dental care may receive:
Mercury Vapor poisoning
Short term exposure to high levels of this contaminate can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increase in blood pressure, and heart rate, and skin rashes:
Mercury poisoning
Which group of bacteria contains most of the pathogenic bacteria
Mesophilic
Mesotrophic
Mesotrophic: more mature than Oligotrophic; nutrients increase, together with siltation due to the acts of humans and nature, plant and animal life increases.
In a stratified reservoir, the best quality water is usually contained i what zone?
Metalimnion
Several gases are produces from landfills
Methane, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Sulfide
when Food is inoculated with Staphylococcus Aureus and left out:
Microbes would grow exponentially
What is the best time for bat proofing?
Mid autumn through spring
What causes water hardness?
Minerals (Dissolved calcium and magnesium bicarbonates, sulfates, and chlorides)
Hardness in pool water is made by what?
Minerals such as Magnesium, calcium, and sodium.
The objective in the design and proper placement of a landfill liner is to:
Minimize or eliminate the infiltration of leachate into the groundwater
Doing a lawful thing in the wrong way. (Ie. closing down an establishment without first giving a required statutory notice or doing an authorized act in an unauthorized manner?
Misfeasance
Sarcoptes scabiei, which is the vector causing scabies, is a:
Mite
______________ is a combination of return activated sludge and wastewater (primary effluent) that flows into the aeration tank.
Mixed liquor
Bacteria activity in soil ceases when
Moisture content is less than 14-16%
Aflatoxins are associated with
Mold
Bacterial pathogens prefer a neutral pH, but these microorganisms can withstand a wider pH range of 2.0 to 8.0:
Molds
How do you test for Giardia
Molecular testing
Will the windward side of a mountain range expect less or more precipitation due to the forced rising, expansion and cooling of moving air masses?
More
What are the effects of substandard houses?
More accidents
What is the most common carrier for Dengue fever?
Mosquito
Dengue Fever is transmitted by?
Mosquitoes
Vector for Dengue Fever
Mosquitoes
vector for encephalitis (Chikungunya)
Mosquitoes
What does MPNB stand for
Most probable number per 100
Which soil characteristic is unsuitable for subsurface absorption of wastewater?
Mottled or redox
What soil color is bad for septics
Mottled red and brown - poor aeration
Cooked Potentially Hazardous Foods should be cooled within what time frame
Must reach 70F within first 2hrs of cooling; AND reach 41F within 6hrs of the time cooling began
An agent that causes chromosomal damage or rearrangement resulting in alteration of the genetic code within the ell is called
Mutigen
What invades wounds in the form of a screw and can attach themselves into the skin of children's noses?
Myasis
Environmental Impact Statements are required by which Federal Act?
NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act of 1969)
What was modeled after the National Emergency Response
NIMS (national incident management system)
Do ultra-pasteurized creamers require refrigeration
NO
Pool filters must meet standards met by:
NSF
A BSC (biological safety cabinet) national performance standard has been developed by?
NSF (National Sanitation Foundation) and UL (Underwriters Laboratories)
This is the measure of the amount of light scattered by particles suspended in water
NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units)
Turbidity is measured in what?
NTU's - (and possibly TSS - total suspended solids)
What is NIMS?
National Incident Management System , a systematic proactive approach to guide departments and agencies at all levels of government
What does NIOSH stand for?
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Who is notified if a release of hazardous materials occurs that exceeds a regulatory threshold called a reportable quantity
National Response Center
What does NPEDS stand for?
National pollutant and discharge elimination system
Although malaria is not a concern in the united states, the world health organization (WHO) states that:
Nearly 40% of the worlds population lives in regions at risk for malaria An estimated 500 million people per year become severely ill as a result of malaria Most cases of malaria occur in some of the poorest countries
In a newborn hospital wing humidifiers will?
Need to be cleaned frequently due to bacterial growth on the components
What must be sterile in a tattoo parlor?
Needles (definitely) but could be ALL OF THE ABOVE: hands, disposable gloves, disposable ink???
Which of the following is a regulated medical waste under RCRA?
Needles, syringes, and surgical blades Surgical waste Dialysis waste
When filling out a search warrant application what is not necessary to include?
Neighbor's testimony (is information which is not coming from an approved authority...could be hearsay).
Which is the measurement of the amount of light scattered by particles suspended in water test sample?
Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU)
What are the Toxins that attack the nerves
Neurotoxin
Which can adversely effect the nerve cell?
Neurotoxin
Compounds that cause neurological symptoms such as profuse sweating, coma, convulsions, hallucinations, excitement, depression, spastic colon
Neurotoxins
What is the purpose of blanching foods
Neutralizes bacteria and enzymes and delays spoilage
Which agency would you refer to for writing water policy? EPA, AWWA, NGWA, UsGS
Ngwa (national ground water association)
Methemoglobinemia, also known as blue baby syndrome, is caused by high levels of this inorganic substances in the water supply?
Nitrate
Methemoglobinemia (a blood disorder) is caused by :
Nitrates
What causes methemoglobinemia
Nitrates in the water
Is the date on milk carton required
No
Freezing a toxin will have what affect?
No affect
Microwaves use ____________ energy sources
Non-ionizing
What is ad valorem tax?
Non-proportionate tax for service
The action of doing nothing despite finding a violation
Nonfeasance
Forty five people at a wedding reception become ill with predominant symptoms of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and low grade fever within 24-48 hours of eating the meal. The most likely foodborne illness of the following is:
Nor-Virus
What is the most enteric disease:
Norwalk virus
Define nonfeasance
Not acting when you should. Ex: not closing a restaurant when an imminent health hazard is observed
What is the importance of using biodegradable plastics for sanitary landfills?
Not to contaminate the groundwater
I*nfection and radioactive waste are regulated through the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission and biomedical waste disposal laws (these vary from state to state)
What are the three primary water pollutants?
Nutrients, sediments, chemicals?
NIOSH is the research arm of:
OSHA
Organization that tests breathing apparatus
OSHA
Which of the following agencies was not involved in the development and publication of a procedure to assess the hazards related to potential airborne releases of extremely hazardous substances?
OSHA
Who regulates proper respirators?
OSHA (occupational safety and health administration)
The removal of sludge can be disposed of by all of these except?
Ocean disposal (sludge CAN be removed by land disposal, trickling filter, and/or incineration.
What of the following best defines Characteristics of Sewage?
Oil/grease, solids content (industrial v. domestic)
What are the three stages of lakes?
Oligotrophic (young), mesotrophic, eutrophic (mature)
Where may food service equipment be installed?
On casters
How fast can chemical food poisoning symptoms occur?
One hour
What is a primary pollutant?
One that is found in the atmosphere due to a natural reaction, found in its natural form.
House flies
Only consume liquids and have to turn solid foods to liquids in order to ingest them.
the thick-walled, environmentally resistant structure released in the feces of infected animals that serves to transfer the infectious stages of sporozoan parasites (e.g., Cryptosporidium) to new hosts.
Oocyst
The Ringleman Smoke Chart method of evaluating particle pollution in the atmosphere is being replaced by testing for what/or a determination of what? Also, the new method for concentration measurements?
Opacity-percent opacity
What is the first thing you do if you come across mold in a room?
Open a window
What is one of the major uses of the JIC (Joint Information Center)?
Open communication with the public (to ensure coordination of public information during incidents that involve multiple organizations).
law enacted by local elected officials, such as cities or counties
Ordinances
Halo organics are:
Organic compounds that have Br- or Cl- in their structure.
This category of air pollutant consists of: hydrocarbons (aldedhydes, ketons, alcohols, and acids)
Organic gases
Bubonic Plague was transmitted by?
Oriental rat/oriental rat flea
This devise has a typical range from 0-25% concentrations above 25% should be considered dangerous
Oxygen Concentration Meter
What is Dissolved Oxygen (DO)?
Oxygen is one factor that controls the types of microbes that are dominant in the system. The amount of oxygen available will dictate which microbes will become dominant. (a and B)
What is used inside the home to block the passage of sewer gases into the home?
P Trap (on plumbing fixtures)
How is the concentration of radon measured?
PCi/L; picocuries / liter
Concentrations of gases measured in terms of volume?
PPM (g/ppm)
How do you pack a cooler for a picnic?
Pack it full
What is the largest contributor to landfills?
Paper goods and wrappings.
The largest component of residual solid waste is:
Paper products
What is the most lethal pesticide based on LD 50
Parathion
To prevent Psittacosis, what pet should not be brought to a school?
Parrot (bird disease)
What do you not take to school to avoid psitaccosis?
Parrots
What is a psittacosis
Parrott
What is it called when milk is heated to 191-212
Pasteurization
If Milk was heated to 198-212 F it considered to be
Pasteurized
Mercury poisoning in humans is has not been associated with the consumption of:
Pasteurized milk
Which of the following food products is more likely to contain aflatoxins?
Peanuts
What temperature is chlorine most effective at?
Per COMAR: 50 ppm @ 75degrees F for more than 7 seconds. Per food code: about 75 degrees F
The most important consideration when selecting a proper location for a well for a private dwelling is:
Performing a sanitary survey of the drainage area Proper interpretation of available hydrologic and geologic data Good well construction and location
Which one is associated with water percolation?
Permeability
What information is protected by HIPAA? (Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act)
Personal Medical Data
What do you use to achieve acceptable isolation of a worker from the hazards present
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Incineration is good for....
Pesticides, organics, halogenated hydrocarbons, volatile organic carbons (Do not use for heavy metals)
plants and animals that are objectionable to humans. Pests contaminate food, cause discomfort and allergic reaction and may poison humans and animals.
Pests
Which one is not a recommended dishwashing detergent?
Phenol
Chemical for testing pH
Phenol red
What should NOT be used to clean surfaces in a food facility?
Phenols
This devise subjects an air sample to UV light of a known energy and measures the amount of ionization that occurs
Photoionization detector
What does the valley or ravine method (sanitary landfill) have?
Placed in lifts from 8-10 ' deep. Lift occurs in 7 year increments
Calculation for pool turnover rate
Pool Volume/Flow rate X 60 (minutes in hour)= Turnover Rate
The term that refers to the measure of the amount of water that can be held by rock or soil in its pores or voids is:
Porosity
If an enclosed space is found to have over 15% oxygen demand, what is needed before entering?
Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. (Anything below 19.5% oxygen demand=magic number for this type of PPE)
Upon receiving a permit for a temporary food facility the facility should first?
Post the permit in a conspicuous place
When water cannot be used to extinguish a chemical fire, industrial sites provide large quantities of a dry extinguisher commonly known as "Purple K" which is:
Potassium bicarbonate
Why are vacuums not recommended for use in hospitals?
Potential to spread hazardous materials/bacteria into the air
Food which requires time or temperature control because they are capable of quick pathogen growth
Potentially Hazardous Foods (Time/Temperature COntrol for Safety Food)
What is the composting process?
Preprocessing, decomposition and stabilization of OM, and post processing
What is not a common effect of silicosis?
Presence of asbestos spores
If 100 people are attacked by a new disease of the total population of 70,000, the attack rate per person is?
Prevalence Rate (# of people with the disease/total #of people in the population) x100 100/70,000X100=.14% Incidence rate = (# of new cases of the disease/# of persons at risk) X 100---would be the same %
In epidemiologic terms, the number of actual cases of disease cases in a community at a point in time is known as a:
Prevalence risk
Best method to avoid UST (Underground Storage Tank)problems:
Prevent corrosion
Which of the following best describes Hepatitis A
Preventable by vaccine. It spreads from contaminated food or water, or contact with someone who is infected.
pair the disease with its natural reservoir : Shigella
Primates
In case of disasters, the speed with which action may be implemented is dependent upon what?
Prior plans for emergencies
Order from most important to least: Core, Priority, Priority foundation
Priority, Priority foundation, Core
In an old school where is the least likely place where you would find asbestos? a)the lining of the kiln, b) floor tile c) acoustic stuff on walls d) lining pipes in the steam room
Probably A. A kiln is used to fire pottery and I think would be insulated. Lindsay thinks C Lacey said D Pipes in steam room, acoustic board Steve's answer's included acoustic tilesteve's answer
Which of the following best defines Sludge Age?
Process control measure that measures the length of time a particle of suspended solids has been undergoing aeration in the activated sludge process.
Which of the following best defines Sludge Volume Index (SVI)?
Process control test that evaluates the age/settling ability of the sludge
The HACCP plan applies to what?
Products and processes (beef and chicken primarily)
What is the significance of a perk test?
Proper location and design of a septic
What does negative phosphatase mean? (negative enzyme test)
Proper pasteurization
What is the best for an UST (Underground Storage Tank)
Protect it from corrosion
Groundwater Rule?
Protection against microbial organisms, reducing the risk of fecal contamination of the water for those who use the groundwater supply as a drinking source.
A home provides all EXCEPT what to the homeowner/renter?
Protection from accidents
Kwashiorkor, common among children less than 6 years of age living in under developed areas of the world, is caused by a deficiency of:
Protein
Which is NOT ionizing radiation?
Protons (Ionizing radiation does include: x rays, gamma rays, alpha and beta particles
Entamoeba Histolytica is a
Protozoa
Amoebic dysentery is caused by what?
Protozoa (entamoeba hystolica)
During a disaster response, Health Departments are responsible for all except what?
Provide first responders to explosive and hazardous spills
Why do you have leachate and methane wells in a landfill?
Provide samples representative of the average composition of the leachate and measurements of leachate head. Gas control/extractions
What is aeration?
Provides oxygen and energy from mixing, and Can be mechanical or diffused air supply (A and C)
According to Marriott, employers should emphasize hygienic employee practices by:
Providing training in food handling and personal hygiene Inspection of employees and their work habits routinely Offering incentives for superior hygiene and sanitary practices
Able to survive elevated temperatures (110 degrees) and being resistant to chlorine (up to 2 ppm), this bacterium is of particular concern in spa pools.
Pseudomonas
Swimmers ear is caused by:
Pseudomonas
Common microorganism associated with skin rash in whirlpools?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
The microbe responsible for skin infections in spa, whirlpools and hot tubs:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What is the cause of hot tub rash?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Relative humidity measured by:
Psychrometer
Organism which grow at low temperatures are:
Psychrophilic
What guidance do you give a homeowner with a new septic tank?
Pump regularly
What is a priority foundation item?
Purposeful incorporation of specific actions, equipment, or procedures by industry management. hACCP, record keeping, labeling
What insecticide is of a biological nature?
Pyrethrum (from Chrysanthemum)
liable to ignite spontaneously on exposure to air
Pyrophoric
What is a priority item?
Quantifiable measure to show control of hazards such as cooking reheating cooling and handwashing
Rats can gain entry into a building through openings as small as:
Quarter
Which of the following sanitizers is most stable in the presence of organic matter and thus are more frequently used on floors, walls, and equipment?
Quaternary ammonia
What is the purpose of Emergency Guide Book from Department of Transportation?
Quickly identify emergency hazards; deal with Transportation hazards within the first 30 minutes
Which of the following is a biological treatment process?
RBC: SECONDARY
According to salvato, nemerow, et al, the only known pathogen responsible for a known infection to cause 100% mortality in humans is:
Rabies virus
The unit of radiation absorbed dose is called
Radiation Absorbed Dose (rad)
This devise measures 2millirens per hour of ionizing radiation
Radiation survey
The addition of sodium bicarbonate is usually used to?
Raise the alkalinity (raise the pH).
What is the best system for a small community?
Rapid sand
Which type of filtration method is the least effective?
Rapid sand filter
How do you filter out giardia lambia?
Rapid sand filtration
The formula Q=AIR is used to determine?
Rate of runoff in a watershed
The national restaurant association estimates that the loss of food and destruction due to this pest could be as much as $10 billion per annually:
Rats
most common rat in the usa
Rattus nervegicus
The most abundant species of rat in the united states is:
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
Large outbreaks of norovirus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus are generally associated with:
Raw oysters
What is shell stock?
Raw, in shell, molluscum shellfish
Define reactivity
Reactive wastes are unstable under normal conditions. They can cause explosions, undergo violent reactions, generate toxic fumes, gas , or vapors when heated compressed or mixed with water. Example: lithiumsulfur batteries
What is the correct order of inspections based on priority?
Recalls, food inspection, failure of a residential septic system
The most positively perceived and doable of all waste management practices is:
Recycling
Which of the following waste management practices can lead to environmental contamination/ degradation?
Recycling
What is the best color of soil to be used for a waster water drainage area?
Red (also yellow or brown)
When inspecting fresh fish, look for:
Red gills
What type of soil is best for onsite wastewater systems?
Red, brown, or yellow soil
Filters will:
Reduce stray radiation
What does photodecomposition in a plastic bottle do in a landfill or waste dump?
Reduce the amount of waste
Which of the following is the best definition for Waste Activated Sludge (WAS)?
Refers to the solids being removed from the activated sludge.
Food delivery trucks must have which of the following?
Refrigeration capable of holding food at 41 degrees F or below
What are white goods?
Refrigerators, freezers, home appliances
What is passive health surveillance?
Regular reporting of disease data by all institutions that see patients (or test specimens) and are part of a reporting network
What is the EPA's Toxic Substances Control Act?
Regulates the production and use of chemical substances that may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health and/or the environment.
laws enacted by regulatory agencies, at any level,
Regulations or Rules
What does a psychrometer measure?
Relative humidity (sling psychrometer); Measures temperature and humidity
What is the process of adding chlorine to water until the chlorine demand has been satisfied called?
Reliquefaction
What is antisepsis?
Removal or destruction if transient microorganisms
Aeration, which is a process of mixing oxygen (air) with water, is used to:
Remove iron
What is the most permanent method of mosquito control?
Remove the breeding areas (Drain all bodies of water)
Which is best for noise control?
Remove the source or add barriers
Which complaint need response first?
Report of illness and absence at day care
The release of hazardous materials occurs that exceeds a regulatory threshold is called
Reportable Quantity
In regulations the word shall denotes?
Requirement
What is a basic characteristic of a virus?
Requires a living host to grow
What are the responsibilities of NIOSH?
Research, education, and training
What is the solid waste collection frequency?
Residential : 2 times per week summer, 1 times per week min Business: daily except sunday
Salmonella DT 104 is a foodborne pathogen that is:
Resistant to antibiotics
What does RCRA stand for?
Resource conservation and recovery act
An observational epidemiologic study in which a group of persons with disease and a group of persons without disease are identified with knowledge of prior exposure history and compared with respect to exposure history is called a:
Retrospective study
a process by which a solvent passes through a porous membrane in the direction opposite to that for natural osmosis when subjected to a hydrostatic pressure greater than the osmotic pressure
Reverse Osmosis
Which of the following diseases, caused by a mite, has been frequently confused with chicken pox?
Rickettsial Pox
What are the signs of fresh fish?
Rigid tail and body, bulging clear eyes, bright red gills, smells like the sea, plump and firm, elastic flesh (bounces back). Signs of bad fish include: sunken eyes, bad odor, gray or greenish gills.
Travel trailer parks?
Roads a minimum of 18 feet wide, maximum 25 trailer spaces per acre, trailers 10 feet apart (Answer: all of the above)
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for a trailer park?
Roads must be 18 feet wide??? (that might be the answer, but Salvato also states that roads CAN BE 12 feet wide, 24 feet wide 2 way, and 34 feet wide 2 way with parking)
This microbiologist was first isolate the bacteria that caused the epidemic in London. While studying similar outbreaks along the elbe river in Germany, he found that the city of altona filtered their water before drinking and had a much lower morbidity rate than other cities on the river.
Robert Koch
What is most likely to carry Hantavirus?
Rodents
The unit of dose equivalent or occupational exposure
Roentgen Equivalent Man (rem)
What are the three types of hazardous waste incinerators?
Rotary kiln, fixed hearth, fluidized bed
What is the best way to protect a community drinking water supply/system from terrorist activity?
Routine surveillance
A colorless, pungent odor released from fossil fuel plants is:
S02
The primary pollutant from a company burning fossil fuel is:
S02
The congressional act that required states and local communities to develop plans for responding to hazardous materials emergencies is:
SARA
What kind of respirator do you need in 15% oxygen
SCBA (self contained breathing apparatus
In the disposal of waste from a poultry processing unit the expected disease is:
Salmonella
This zoonoses can be passively transmitted to human though contact with turtles
Salmonella
What bacteria can be transmitted by lizards, turtles, and pet chicks?
Salmonella
What is the most common type of food borne illness?
Salmonella
Which one is the most common cause of food borne illness/outbreak?
Salmonella
Typhoid fever is caused by what genus?
Salmonella (Thyphe can contaminate water and food)
What is the most common food borne illness?
Salmonella (norovirus)
Shell eggs have been specifically targeted by regulation due to the risk of illness caused by this pathogen:
Salmonella enteriditis
The disease most likely transmitted to restaurant customers as a result of the presence of rats in the food prep area is?
Salmonellosis
What is the proper spacing for hospital beds to be laid out foot to head?
Salvato says: 4 feet apart and 1 foot away from the wall ( answers on test to choose from, 3 feet is best for placement of head to foot and 5 feet which is best for placement of bed next to one another).
what is the soil with the largest pore space?
Sand
Depth to water table of six inches requires a
Sand mound
Microbial pollution only travels a short distance through:
Sandy loam or clay (most dense soil type)
Which of the following best defines Combined Water?
Sanitary and storm-water have sanitary portions may become overloaded during rain storms.
What item is NOT REQUIRED at a handwashing sink?
Sanitary towels
Reducing microorganisms to a safe and acceptable level by the application of heat or chemicals for a prescribed amount of time defines:
Sanitation
Which is not allowed in a school kitchen?
Sanitizing towel
What is another name for swimmer's itch?
Schistosoma spp
What is the cause of swimmer's itch? (Cercarial dermatitis)
Schistosome dermatitis
The most common waterborne disease in the world, with an estimated 600 million people at risk and 300 million affected is:
Schistosomiasis
The typical flow diagram of steps involved in the treatment in conventional municipal sewage treatment unit processes, in order, is:
Screening - sedimentation - oxidation - disinfection
What removes hydrogen chloride as it pertains to air pollution?
Scrubbers; examples include: spray towers, ejector venturis, venturi scrubbers, and packed-bed, plate, moving bed, centrifugal, impingement, and entrainment types. A high pressure liquid (water) is applied to the gas passing through the washer, filter, venturi, or other device. In doing so, the gas is cooled and cleaned.
In 1999 american journal implicated in a 10 to 19% of foodborne illness the US to Japan as 70%
Seafood
Which of the following muscle food is a more viable source of clostridium botulinum bacteria?
Seafood
What food items can be kept after a flood?
Sealed canned goods (sanitize outside of can before opening)
Septic tank system failures are most commonly caused by:
Seasonal high groundwater tables Carryover of solids into absorption field due to unrestricted water use in the home The use of septic cleaning compounds
Recycling effluent into septic tank is primary, secondary, or tertiary treatment?
Secondary
When the atmosphere contains less than 19.5% what PPE is required
Self-contained breathing apparatus (Humans need Oxygen levels above 19.5 percent)
When Oxygen demand is less than 19.5%, what type of PPE is required?
Self-contained breathing apparatus.
Milk with the date 8/5/13 on the bottle is found in the store shelf during an inspection which was conducted on 8/8/13. What does this date refer to?
Sell-by date
Usually indicates a black color with rotten egg smell (hydrogen sulfide) and the water is undergoing anaerobic decomposition.
Septic Condition
Scrombroid poisoning is generally associated with:
Shellfish
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is most commonly found in
Shellfish
Unlike salmonella and listeria which require an infective dose of millions of bacteria, the infective dose for this pathogen is less than 100.
Shigella
Silicosis is caused by
Silica inhilation
What is red squill?
Single dose rodenticide
In tattooing which is least important?
Single dye ??
What is the process of moderating the temperature of a food such as allowing a food to gradually increase from a frozen temperature to facilitate heat penetration during cooking
Slacking
Moderating the frying temperature from -4F to 25F to aid in deep frying is called:
Slacking (the process of allowing block-frozen food to gradually increase from a temperature of -10°F (-23°C) to 25°F (-4°C) in preparation for deep-fat frying
Temporary residence?
Sleeping area of 40 sq ft
What type of septic system should be used for a rural community?
Slow sand filter
Which filter is BEST for removal of Giardia cysts from low turbidity water
Slow sand filter
Which filter is BEST to use for small communities in developing areas and in rural locations?
Slow sand filter
If there is a clean lake, small fresh water stream involved what would be the best waste disposal system adopted by a small community and a developing community?
Slow sand filtration
Which are used as bioterrorist agents?
Small pox and anthrax
The only infectious disease to have been actively eradicated by human beings is:
Smallpox
Microbial pollution travels only a short distance through:
Smooth clay
How to detect a gas leak in the home?
Soapy bubble method
To raise alkalinity, the chemical of choice is:
Sodium bicarbonate
What chemical is used to raise total alkalinity
Sodium bicarbonate
What chemical is used to raise total alkalinity (and/or pH)?
Sodium bicarbonate
If pool pH is too high, it may promote scaling formation. To lower pH, it is recommended that the following chemical compound be used:
Sodium bisulfate
If pool water pH is too low, it may promote corrosion of pipes and fixtures, may cause eye irritation and require more chlorine be used. To increase the pH, which of the following chemical compounds is recommended for use?
Sodium carbonate
The compound generally referred to as "soda ash" is:
Sodium carbonate
Which of the following constituents, commonly found in septic tank cleaners, could cause a breakdown of soil structure resulting in reduced soil permeability?
Sodium hydroxide
In a pool, which disinfectant is in active oxidation:
Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
What is thiosulfate used for?
Sodium thiosulfate is used to dechlorinate water for sampling
Rain water collected in cisterns is considered:
Soft
Which is least likely to cause disease?
Soil
Which is least likely to transmit diseases?
Soil
RCRA consists of three interrelated programs (Subtitle D; C; and I):
Solid Waste, Hazardous Waste, and Underground Storage Tank Programs
The biological effects of radiation on living organisms during their lifetime are called what?
Somatic
Returnable bottles are an example of:
Source reduction
The ideal hierarchical approach to integrated waste management should be in this order:
Source reduction - recycling - waste transformation - landfilling
When is an alternative wastewater treatment systems are considered?
Space is limited and close proximity to surface water
What pest or vector is NOT a Health concern after a flood
Spider
What is the best sampling devise for collecting undisturbed soil samples
Split Spoon
When is the peak season for rats to breed in temperate zones?
Spring and fall
What kind of test is used to test for TB
Sputum
Define standard deviation
Square root of the variance
Cyanuric acid additive is used in pools and spas to:
Stabilizes the residual chlorine level.
Which would be the biggest threat to contaminating groundwater?
Standing cesspools
Which of the foodborne disease has the most rapid time of onset following consumption of the food caontamination with this particular pathogen?
Staphylococcal intoxications
A pathogenic bacteria found in the nasal passages and infected cuts and sores causing large numbers of foodborne illnesses over the years is:
Staphylococcus aureus
What limits the maximum length of time that a person can be sued or charged for legal violations
Statutes of limitations
When collecting a drinking water sample from a chlorinated water supply, the sample container must be:
Sterile Contain sodium thiosulfate Filled to the top of the bottle with sample
Tattoo parlors must have what 3 qualities?
Sterile gloves, handwashing, process for equipment disinfection
The process of killing all microorganisms, including spores, is known as:
Sterilization
Which one is used to kill bacteria by boiling?
Sterilization (and pasteurization is heating and then immediately cooling)
How can we control S. Enteritis (gastroenteritis) associated with eggs?
Store and transport the eggs under refrigeration at an ambient air temperature of no more than 45 degrees
When storing food in a refrigerator, the best way to maximize air use is to?
Store food containers with space for air circulation around the corners, store with space around them).
What temperature should you store pool test chemicals
Store in a "cool" location and keep away from heat
To prevent illness, whole shelled eggs should be?
Stored at 41 degrees or below (45 degrees acceptable)
Which steps are correct in stream cleaning?
Stream pollution (organic) is apparent along its length by a Zone of Degradation (just below the source), the Zone of Active Decomposition, and the a Zone of Recovery or Self-Purification. O2 decreased in Zone of Degredation suspended solids increased and sludge on the stream bottom.
What is sick-building syndrome?
Suffer symptoms or feel unwell for no reason when in a building
During an agricultural waste incident we can experience all of the following except?
Sulfuric Acid
The Comprehensive Enviornemntal Response, Compensation, and Liability Act is also commonly called
Superfund
CERCLA
Superfund site cleanup 1984
What are the four characteristics of hazardous wastes?
TIRC - toxic, ignitable, reactive, and corrosive
Which of these is different from the others? NSF, UL, ASNI, TLE
TLE
This refers to the "ceiling" level of a toxin which should never be exceeded, even instantaneously
TLV-C
This is a 15 minute, time weighted average short-term exposure limit
TLV-STEL
The average concentration of a chemical most workers can be exposed to during a 40-hour week and a 8 hour day without showing toxic affects is called
TLV-TWA
Soils with a gradient exceeding 10% have severe limitations for the operation of subsurface disposal fields?
TRUE
What is the best way to protect the public water system from bioterrorism?
Take routine samples of the water
EPA's secondary drinking water standards were written to address:
Taste and odor type problems
These two factors will affect the physical material and physiology of the exposed person to the toxin are
Temperature and humidity
In fried frozen chicken the critical point in HACCP principle is?
Temperature to heat internally to 165 degrees
The national safety council reports that solid waste collection workers have an injury frequency:
Ten times the national average
Agents that act during pregnancy to produce a physical or functional defect in the developing offspring are called:
Teratogens
Why are animals used in laboratory testing of chemicals as opposed to humans?
Test results using animals can be analyzed in a much shorter period of time than if humans were to be used.
Several workers in a building are complaining of headaches, nose and throat problems. Inspectors assume that it is sick building syndrome, where would you begin your investigation?
The HVAC system
The most common type of noise measurement device used for initial surveys to provide rapid evaluation and identification of potential problem areas is:
The Sound Level Meter
the fresh water line to a swimming pool must have what?
The ability to fill the pool through an approved air gap
Flocculation is best defined as:
The bringing together of suspended particles
Sterilization is:
The complete removal of all life
The formation of halo-organic in drinking water is most important because:
The compound may be carcinogenic.
Biological oxygen demand
The difference between the initial dissolved oxygen in a sample and the dissolved oxygen in a duplicate sample after a stated period of time, This characteristic of surface water, sewage, sewage effluent, polluted water, industrial waste, or other wastewater is the amount of dissolved oxygen in milligrams per liter required during stabilization of the decomposable organic matter by aerobic bacterial action. BOD usually refers to the 5-day carbonaceous demand test unless otherwise specified. Most pristine rivers will have a 5-day BOD below 1 mg/l. Moderately polluted rivers may have a BOD value in the range of 2 to 8 mg/l. Municipal sewage that is efficiently treated by a three stage process would have a value of about 20 mg/l. Untreated sewage varies, but averages around 600 mg/l in Europe and as low as 200 mg/l in the U.S., or where there is severe groundwater or surface water infiltration.
Zone of Decomposition
The dissolved oxygen in the water is further reduced and may approach zero. Water become turbid and gives off foul odors. Fish disappear; anaerobes predominate in the bottom mud. Also sludge worms become very numerous
The development of illness is dependent on the following factor:
The dose or amount of agent ingested The virulence of a substance The susceptibility of the individual
What is a Cathode
The electrode of an electrochemical cell at which reduction is the principal reaction. (Electrons flow toward the cathode in the external circuit.)
What is slacking?
The gradual thawing of frozen food (increasing from -10 to 25 degrees F ) to prep it for deep-frying or to facilitate even heat penetration.
Typhoid fever is caused by
The housefly (Musca Domestica)
Decontamination of a radioactive spill should occur from
The least contaminated areas to the most contaminated areas
Which of the following is the best definition of incidence rate?
The number of newly acquired cases of a disease
Zone of Degradation
The oxygen in the water is decreased, suspended solids may be increased, and the stream bottom accumulates sludge. Fish become very coarse. Worms, snails, rat-tailed maggots and sewage fungi increase
Who is the incident commander?
The person with jurisdiction, person responsible for all aspects of emergency response
Commercial mayonnaise is not a potentially hazardous food because:
The product has a low pH lower
Hazardous wastes must have what?
The right characteristics and be on the hazardous waste list
Obtain a stack sample at what air flow speed?
The same speed of flow that gases normally pass through the stack
The appropriate definition of environmental epidemiology is:
The study of factors influencing the distribution and determinants of disease
If a septic tank is emptied during times of high water table what could possibly happen?
The tank could float out of the ground
What can happen if a septic tank is pumped in the winter during high ground water season (and the tank is in an area of high ground water)
The tank may float (tanks are buoyant when empty and if pumped dry in a high water table area, they can float like a boat)
What is extrinsic incubation period?
The time a pathogen requires to develop or multiply in the vector before it can be transmitted to another host
Where are photochemical oxidants produced?
The troposphere
Most institutions are?
Their own communities
Substandard housing is said to exist when:
There are 1.51 or more persons per room There is no private bathroom The dwelling has no running water
Which of following is true about environmental tobacco smoke ETS?
There are no state regulatory levels for this pollutant
During lunch break, a group of construction workers noticed an unusually high amount of Rattus rattus running around. This is probably due to the fact that:
There has been a recent demolition of several blighted two story houses
Emergency planning was the exception rather than the rule because there were no regulatory impetus until 1984 when:
There was a catastrophic toxic release from a chemical plant in Bhopal, India
What type of bacteria grow best above 110F
Thermophilic
S trap are not legal because
They are not vented
What is NOT a characteristic of a common house fly?
They feed on solid foods
TLV can be best defined as:
Thres-hold limiting value
A family complains of multiple bites and a rash. What is the least likely organism to cause it?
Tick
The organisms causing rocky mountain spotted fever is carried by the following vector:
Ticks
Which is least likely to cause bites and itching in an urban setting
Ticks
Rocky mountain spotted fever is transmitted by?
Ticks; dog ticks
What is a good indicator for good frozen foods?
Tightened water and air (no crystallization)
What is not a concern of silicosis?
Tiles containing asbestos
What is soda ash used in pool water for?
To raise the ph
What is the primary purpose f a residual disinfectant in the water distribution system
To reduce growth of biofilms and normally non pathogenic microorganisms
What is the purpose of blanching?
To stop enzymes and stabilize color
Which indoor air pollutant is worse? Mold or tobacco smoke?
Tobacco smoke
Civil wrongs; injuries to a person, their property or reputation
Torts
What is the required test for fecal matter in water?
Total fecal coliform test
TOC can best be defined as:
Total organic carbon
Which of the following are examples of short-range primary pollutants?
Total suspended solids and Sulfur dioxide.
What regulation provides the EPA authority to control the manufacturing, distribution, and use of new and existing (toxic) chemical substances that cause a risk of injury to health or the environment?
Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976
When this is inhaled it can have an adverse effect on the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood but do not affect the lung tissue. (carbon monoxide for example)
Toxic gases or aerosols
When this is inhaled it can produce adverse reaction in the tissue of the lungs, such as hydrogen fluoride, which can prevent the blood from carrying oxygen
Toxic vapors and gases
Define toxicity
Toxic wastes are harmful or fatal when ingested or absorbed
Development of illness depends on
Toxicity or virulence of substance, resistance or susceptibility of individual
What happens to toxins in forzen foods
Toxins are not affected
True or False Staph aureus is an example of an intoxication, not an infection?
True
True of false? Alpha particles are easily absorbable
True (easiest to absorb to hardest to absorb: gamma , beta, alpha),
A hunter shot and subsequently skinned rabbits without wearing gloves. He then experiences ulcers on his hands and lymph node swelling. He probably has contacted:
Tularemia
Sound can be controlled by which of the following ways?
Turning off or stopping the sound, Shielding (choose ALL OF THE ABOVE)
What is the calculation for pool turnover rate?
Turnover rate (hours)= pool volume (gallons) / flow rate (gallons per minute) x 60 (minutes per hour)
During the summer months, residential solid waste should be collected:
Twice a week
How much more lead exposure does a toddler receive as compared to an adult
Twice as much 116-119 433 Sentence from Salvato: Adults excrete up to 95% of ingested lead, whereas children absorb half of it.
According to Marriott and his discussion of HACCP, to prevent possible foodborne illness, hot potentially food shall be cooled to refrigeration temperatures within:
Two to four hours
This soil type is mostly made up of sand with little to no silt and is suitable for subsurface wastewater disposal
Type 1
This soil type is made up mostly of clay and is undesirable for subsurface wastewater disposal
Type IV and V
Who regulates what information is written on shellfish containers?
USDA
Which of the following has a great potential for the reduction of microbial flora in the air, where the patent may be especially vulnerable?
UV Radiation
If you use UV sanitizing on cups... a) only works if the cups are clean b) UV hitting the outside of the cup will sanitize the inside of the cup as well
UV only sanitizes surface Salvato: 'Chemical sanitizers are not effective on dishes or utensils that are not properly cleansed. (1156) 1153-58
Which food does not require refrigeration at 41degrees?
Ultra-pasteurized creamers
which of the following types of aquifers would be more susceptible to contamination from surface activities ?
Unconfined aquifer and a perched aquifer
Where should fresh fish be stored in a refrigerator?
Under raw vegetables on the bottom lowest rack
What document is present with each off-site shipment of hazard waste
Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest
Roentgen Equivalent Man (REM)
Unit of dose equivalent or occupational exposure
Meat transported across state lines for sale comes under the inspection jurisdiction of:
United states department of agriculture
Which is considered NOT a violation under HUD's housing code?
Unpainted interior walls
The Fourth Amendment covers:
Unreasonable/illegal search and seizure
Source water?
Untreated water from streams, lakes, aquifers which is ultimately used as the drinking supply for the general public.
Which of the following best describes a backflow?
Unwanted flow of water in the reverse direction
Which is the best environmental protection for solid waste disposal?
Upper and lower lining for leachate draining
If a water sample is chlorinated:
Use a bottle with Sodium Thiosulfate (acts as a dechlor)
When you move food from one container to another you must put this on the new container
Use by date
When you transfer food into another container to hold for more than 24 hours, must label new container with:
Use by date
The basic principles of disease control include all of the following except?
Use of antibiotics
Wading pools in childcares
Use of hot tubs, therapy pools, swimming pools and portable or permanent wading pools by children who are not toilet trained shall be prohibited.
What is Halon 131 used for?
Used for fixed fire suppression systems
A seepage pit is not recommended by EHS for all of the following reasons except
Used where soil is acceptable and wells or water supply are at least 150-200 ft away and at a higher elevation, at least 4 ft above the highest groundwater level
When gas pipe is leaking, what methods would be used by the technician to identify the exact point of leakage?
Using soap bubble solution
Soil with low-Resistivity are more or less corrosive then high-resistivity soils?
Usually more
How is Ozone formed?
VOC + UV rays + NO2
What does g/ppm represent?
Vapor concentrations (gas concentration).
insects or other arthropods that transmit infection agents to humans
Vectors
Cholera is caused by which bacteria
Vibrio (but not all Vibrio cause cholera)
A microorganism that consists only of a single molecule of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coating is a:
Virus
Polio is what type of communicable disease?
Virus
What could travel furthest in a septic field?
Viruses
Degradation is
Visible evidence of destruction of water quality
HAZWOPER (Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response) requirement apply to?
Voluntary clean up at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
HAZWOPER requirements apply to:
Voluntary cleanup at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites
The direction of operation of a sanitary landfill should be?
WITH the prevailing wind
What is the direction of wind associated with the operation of a sanitary landfill?
WITH the prevailing winds.
Most accidents that occur in the home to infants aged 1-4 is caused by:
Walking/falling
What is the most common control for rats?
Warfarin
Which insecticides can be used inside an individual's home?
Warfarin & Redsquil (1080 is PROHIBITED from use in homes by the general public)
Which is not required in a tattoo shop? Skin antisepsis, wash hands, sterilized gloves, sterilized equipment
Wash hands
What is the appropriate procedure for bottle washing in a large plant?
Wash, rinse, sanitize (and air dry) (NOTE: for hand washing dishes it is the same, except add "scrape" to the beginning.)
Sewage consists of over 99.9% by weight of what?
Water
What is the number ONE item, listed under emergency equipment and supplies?
Water (2 gallons of water per person)
The pumping water level is best defined as the distance from the top of the well to the
Water after the pump has been operating for a period of time
Which of the following would be considered safe?
Water fountain with spout above the rim
What is the minimum distance a sewer line can be from a water line in a mobile home park?
Water lines crossing sewers shall be laid to provide a separation of at least 18 inches between the bottom of the waterline and the top of the sewer whenever possible. The test answer choices were in feet, 8, 10, etc. Steve's answers were 4,8,10,16
What is the biggest concern at a festival lasting more than three days?
Water, sewage, food protection
Sickness spread by the fecal-oral route or person to person contact that is facilitated by the lack of personal hygiene is categorized as a:
Water-washed disease
Wastewater can be used for what?
Watering vegetable crops
Health departments recommend spa pools be drained:
Weekly
According to code of regulations (CFR) Title 40: "The surface and sub-surface area surrounding a well through which contaminates are likely to move toward and reach such well" is the definition of:
Well head
Silicosis....know what it is, and what malignancy it causes and where.
What factors can lead to silicosis - particles in the air, etc. I think the right answer had something to do with asbestos (different than silicosis)
Which is LEAST likely to cause foodborne illness in schools?
Whole vegetables grown at school and cooked in a school cafeteria.
What is the graphic tool used by meteorologists to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location
Wind Rose
What are the composting technologies (types)?
Window, aerated static pile, in vessel
When must a core violation be corrected?
Within a 90 day timeframe
Define malfeasance
Wrongful conduct, doing something unlawful and in an unapproved way
Doea na open container of garlic oil require refrigeration
YES
Does cut melon require refrigeration
YES
Food highly contaminated with this microorganism frequently will impart a fruity odor:
Yeast
The causative agent of the bubonic plaque is:
Yersinia pestis
A foodborne illness whose symptoms mimics appendicitis and which leads to hundreds of unnecessary operations annually is:
Yersiniosis
Is household hazardous waste exempt from RCRA?
Yes
Are employers required to provide training in hazardous materials?
Yes, it is required by OsHA
Passive monitors have limited utility for monitoring pollutants because...
You need to visually monitor them to be effective
Diseases and infections of vertebrate animals which may be transmitted to humans are called:
Zoonoses
infections or infections diseases of vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to humans
Zoonoses
in collecting a water sample for volatile organic compounds, you need
a 40ml glass vial with septum seal and an acid preservative
What is a biohazard?
a biological substance which poses a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans
a person that harbors a specific infectious agent in the absence of a discernible clinical disease and serves as a potential source of infection is know as
a carrier
What is a ratite?
a flightless bird (emu, ostrich, rhea)
"RATITE" means
a flightless bird such as an emu, ostrich, or rhea.
the chain of custody refers to
a method of introducing evidence
Electrostatic precipitator
a particulate collection device that removes particles from a flowing gas (such as air) using the force of an induced electrostatic charge. Electrostatic precipitators are highly efficient filtration devices that minimally impede the flow of gases through the device, and can easily remove fine particulate matter such as dust and smoke from the air stream
What are diatoms
a single-celled alga which has a cell wall of silica. Many kinds are planktonic, and extensive fossil deposits have been found
a causative agent of aids is
a virus that attacks the immune system
Normal atmospheric air consists of this percent of oxygen
about 21% by volume
a liquid with a pH of 4.6 is
acidic
a ph less than 7 is considered
acidic
the floc or solid formed by microbes
activated sludge
Lag Phase:
adapt themselves to growth conditions. It is the period where the individual bacteria are maturing and not yet able to divide.
The most reliable cross connection of a nonpotable supply to a potable supply is
air gap
What is "in rem"
an action in rem is directed towards some specific piece of property, rather than being a claim for, say, monetary compensation against a person
an open dump is:
an improper method of waste disposal
mottling is best described as
an indicator of long term impeded drainage of soil
What is not an effective way to dispose of waste?
an open dump
an example of point-source pollution is
an underground storage tank leak
useful gas by-product in sewage treatment is generated in which of the following processes?
anaerobic digestion- methane gas
When discussing infective dose, exposure to 2 or more substances can cause this effect
antagonistic additive synergistic
Beta:
are moderately penetrative but are stopped by a few millimeters of aluminum
In addition to other criteria, how many people must have the same symptoms in order for a foodborne illness to be considered an outbreak?
at least 2
which of the following act as sources of oxygen into a surface water?
atmospheric reaeration and photosynthesis (both c and d)
a backflow prevention device used in plumbing to prevent backflow of non-potable liquids into the drinking water system. It is usually constructed of brass and resembles a 90-degree elbow with a hood on its top to allow air to enter the water system if a siphon attempts to form.
atmospheric vacuum breaker
Heat build up in a boiler causes a subsequent pressure increase that forces boiler water back into the potable water system. This is an example of:
backpressure backflow
Although the Norwalk-like virus is considered an extremely common cause of foodborne illness, it is rarely diagnosed. According to Marriott, approximately 66% of all foodborne illnesses in the US are caused by:
bacteria
What biological form moves fastest in soil?
bacteria
which of the following is the best way to define oxygen depletion
bacteria breakdowns are organic materials that help stabilize, fish and bacteria need O2 to survive, reduction of dissolved oxygen in receiving stream due to biological decomposition of organic material, (all of the above)
death phase
bacteria run out of nutrients and die.
a ph more than 7 is considered
basic
performed in rock where no groundwater is present. test either passes or fails. no in between.
basin flood test
flocculation is best defined as
binding particles together, bacteriastatic
the accumulation over time of a substance and especially a contaminant (such as a pesticide or heavy metal) in a living organism.
bioaccumulation
Sewer treatment: secondary treatment is
biological (removed 55% of the BOD5 commonly using trickling filters and activated sludge process; may also use alternative methods of oxidation or stabilization pond)
What is the type of transmission called when the infection occurs when the microorganism multiplies or undergoes a cycle development period within the host
biological transmission
he process by which a compound (such as a pollutant or pesticide) increases its concentration in the tissues of organisms as it travels up the food chain
biomagnification
psittacosis is associated with
birds
septic waster water will usually be _____ in color
black
wastewater from the toilet, water closet, pri8vy or latrine is commonly called
blackwater
What is NOT a good way of inspecting for a seasonal water table levels?
bored hole
What can be absorbed by plants from sewage which may present a health hazard
cadmium
What are the two main causes of hardness in water?
calcium and magnesium
which one of the following organisms does not produce illness through a pre-formed toxin in food
campylobacter jejnuni
hep A virus:
can not multiply in food or water. It must multiply in the host.
Alpha:
cannot penetrate a thin piece of paper; only travel approximately 3-5 cm in air
what is colorless, oderless and hard to detect?
carbon monoxide
what is considered to be a serious indoor air pollutant?
carbon monoxide
The process leading to the development of cancer is called
carcinogensis
which of the following best defines a sanitary waste?
carried from homes, commercial business and industrial facilities to wwtp
Well head protection?
casing, cap and surface seal
how should a drill well be sealed
cement grouting
drinking water tests are performed and monitored by
certified laboratories
A resident camp shall have on duty in residence an adult director who is
certified person by the American red cross in advanced first aid
Foodborne illness starts less than 1 hour after eating
chemical
cryptosporidium oocyst cannot be killed by
chlorine
what is true about soil chroma
chroma is the relative purity of color which decreases with increasing grayness
Children from areas with higher exposure to air pollutants have a greater risk of developing
chronic lung disease
what toxin is linked to tropical reef fish?
ciquatera toxin
Meat inspection corresponds with which shape
circle
Which type of soil would be present the most difficulty in the vertical flow of water in a septic system?
clay
type of soil most difficult in the vertical flow of water in a septic system
clay
which of the following organisms produces an environmentally resistant spore?
clostridium botulinum
What spore forming anaerobic bacteria is linked to inadequately cooked foods?
clostridium perfringes
which microorganism does this statement describe: Produces toxins, an anaerobic spore former, typically linked to inadequately cooked, cooled or reheated meat dishes. It needs at least 100,000 viable cells to produce enough toxin to cause symptoms
clostridium perfringes
the water treatment process of combining small particles into large aggregates
coagulation-flocculation
the type of analytical study which is associated with individuals who initially do not have a disease, but were exposed to a suspected disease-causing agent
cohort study
When storm water and domestic sewage enter the same sewer it is known as a
combined sewer
Rapid sand:
commonly used in municipal water treatment facilities. Rapid sand filters use relatively coarse sand and other granular media to remove particles and impurities that have been trapped in a floc through the use of flocculation chemicals - typically salts of Aluminum or Iron. Water and flocculant flows through the filter medium under gravity or under pumped pressure and the flocculated material is trapped in the sand matrix.
liposoluable organic compounds such as pcb's and chlordane which persist in the environment have a tendency of
concentrating in the sediment of a surface water and bioaccumulate up the food chain
an aquifer located below a confining strate is usually called a
confined aquifer
Giardiasis is most commonly transmitted to others by
contact with feces containing cysts from an infected person
Paint in house before 1978
contain lead
Adulterated food is defined as:
containing substances and poisons
Lime can be used to treat high concentrations of:
contaminants
The basic principles of disease control are:
control the disease source, mode of transmission, and susceptibility)
Most foodborne parasites are killed through
cooking
the mandated public health activities listed in title 8-chapter 52 on the NJ administrative code are known as:
core activities
The quantity of radioactive material is measures in
curies
a truck carrying molassses crashes and its contents are emptied into a lake. This causes a fish kill. What is the most likely reason for the death of the fish?
decrease in the d.o due to increased BOD activity by bacteria
a possible cause of unusual high number of rats in the area?
demolition of buildings in the area
what does the addition of sulfite in meat do
deodorizes the meat and gives it a red and fresh appearance
a type of resource recovery program currently approved by NJ that, via special permit, allows clams to be taken from marginally polluted waters and cleansed prior to release for market sale is
depuration
a black light is used by food inspectors to
determine the presence of rodent urine
The importance of surveys for new well water?
determine the safety and adequacy of the water supply
process which turns highly volatile and reactive raw organic solid matter into stable organic matter
digestion of sludge
cause of paralytic shellfish poisoning
dinoflagellates
which disease has these characteristics: Acute bacterial infection, commonly affects tonsils, pharynx, larynx or nose. Characterized by a lesion with a grayish center surrounding inflammation
diphtheria
Which of the following best describes Measles?
disease spreads through the air by respiratory droplets produced from coughing or sneezing.
The killing of an infectious agent outside the body by chemical or physical means is called
disinfection
when using disinfectants in drinking water they can combine with organic matter to become
disinfection byproducts (Trihalemothene is the most common and includes chloroform)
A principle for effective radiation protection:
distance, time, shielding
the purpose of the distribution box in an individual sewage disposal system is to
distribute the septic effluent evenly to the distribution lines
mushrooms in this category generally are nontoxic and produce no symptoms, unless alcohol is consumed within 72 hours after eating them, in which case a short-lived, acute toxic syndrome is produced:
disulfiram‐like toxins
A salmonella outbreak has occurred in which 520 people are infected. As a sanitarian assigned to the case you should:
draw up correlations between the infective and non-infective control groups
minimum separation distance are required and specified between the disposal field and:
dwelling, property line, water course, and well (all of the above)
Tapeworm infection is probably due to:
echinococcus
mottling is best described as
effect of water on soil particles
What is the energy of an x-ray called
electron volt (eV)
devises that remove or limit air pollutants from factories
electrostatic precipitators and scrubbers
How can you reduce lead poisoning?
eliminating lead in paint
The constant presence of an illness is called
endemic
When you store food in refrigerator you should
ensure air space around food
which pathogenic e coli matches this description: oldest recognized category of pathogenic E. coli. Major cause of infant diarrhea in developing countries. Transmitted by contaminated infant formula and weaning foods
enteropathogenic e.coli
What is the toxin that effects the gastrointestinal tract?
enterotoxin
The name for the occurrence in a community or region of cases of an illness clearly in excess of expectancy
epidemic
A rodent-borne disease or disease caused by an insect carried by a rodent
epidemic typhus, endemic typhus or marine typhus
what is least likely to cause a foodborne illness?
equipment
the new jersey worker and community right to know act
establishes a program for the disclosure of hazardous chemical substance information and it helps people in making informed decisions about the chemicals they work with and may be exposed to in their communities (A and C)
A principle that disallows illegally-obtained evidence to be administered in court
exclusionary rule
what branch of government, whether federal or state, can veto the passage of a law
executive
populations that increase rapidly can be best described as
exponential growth
What is Stoke's Law?
expresses the settling velocities of small spherical particles in a fluid medium.
What is due process?
fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement. Amend 5, 6
Which of the following is a causative agent of the genus plasmodium is the most dangerous (fatal) cause of malaria?
falciparum
which of the following causative agents of the genus plasmodium is the most dangerous cause of malaria
falciparum
True or False, combined chlorine is an effective disinfectant for swimming pools
false
True or False. Foodborne intoxications are prevented by heating food to 165 degrees F
false
True or false. The pneumonic plague is rodent borne
false
an advisory board of health can pass ordinances true or false
false
mixed construction/demolition material consisting of wood, metal, brick and concrete is considered a source separated recyclable and can be used as clean fill
false
true or false, refrigeration is a reliable means of preventing growth of all types of clostridium botulinum?
false
true or false. refrigeration is a reliable means of preventing the growth of all types of clostridium botulism
false
coliform organisms are a group of organisms used as an indicator of
fecal contamination by warm-blooded animals
What function do they kidneys serve
filter blood, remove wastes, excrete wasts
What treatment method is required by the EPA surface water treatment rule (SWTR)
filtration
bacteria reproduce by
fission
which of the following characteristics may cause a chemical to be categorized as hazardous?
flammable, toxic, corrosive, explosive (all of the above)
What transfers plague?
flea
What does the term bulking refer to in sewage treatment
flocculants in primary treatment contained sheathed bacteria and would not settle
what does the term bulking refer to in sewage treatment
flocculants in primary treatment contained sheathed bacteria and would not settle
the least favorable method of fly control in a dining hall is
fogging and fumigation
Transmission of disease through an inanimate object.
fomite
title 24 deals with
food and drugs
which of the following is expected in a camp according to the youth camp safety act
food service equipment adequate for camping activities
Yeasts are generally not pathogenic but they can cause
food spoilage
Food samples collected during a foodborne illness should never be
frozen
which of the following has the greatest penetrating power?
gamma rays
Which of the following has the greatest penetrating power?
gamma rays- electromagnetic
Compounds that produce rapid, transient nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea:
gastrointestinal irritants
Which of the following is least likely to occur as a product of air pollution?
gastrointestinal problems
What is a core item?
general sanitation, operational controls, SSOPs, facilities or structures, equipment design, general maitenance
Beta radiation is most commonly blocked by
glass or plastic
another name for opthalmia neonatorium is
gonococcal conjuctivits
which of the following is not a method of classifying viruses
gram stain reaction
The wastewater entering a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) is known as:
gray water
true or false, fresh wastewater is usually ________ in color
grey
wastewater from sinks, dishwashers, laundry are commonly called
greywater
After water flows down into the earth and saturation is reached, it is called
groundwater
The MOST common cause of bacterial meningitis in kids under five
haemophilis influenza type B
What disease is deadly and spread from mice
hanta virus
what disease is deadly and transmitted from mice
hanta virus
nitrogen in the ambient air comes from what source
high temperature combustion
instrument to measure suspended particles in the air
high volume sampler
consists of a spring-loaded check valve that seals against an atmospheric outlet when the water supply is turned on. When the supply is turned off, the device vents to atmosphere, thus protecting against backsiphonage conditions.
hose biv vacuum breaker
How should shellfish be stored in a retail food establishment?
ice
You can see frozen food has thawed and been refrozen in these ways:
ice crystal, ice melt, food frozen in a block
The US Dept. of Transportation (DOT) hazardous material regulations do what?
identify the hazardous materials during the initial response phase of an accident.
When should a load of dishes be put in through the washer in a retail food establishment?
immediately after each use
Which is true about Norwalk disease
implicated in 1/3 all non-bacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks, antibodies develop to this disease slowly over time, symptoms include nausea. vomiting, diarrhea and fever
Most common contributing factor to foodborne illness
improper holding temp
sodium thiosulfate is added to water sample bottles to
inactivate chlorine in water
What is used to measure the frequency of new cases of a disease
incidence rate
The interval between exposure to an infectious agent and the first symptom
incubation period
why would fecal coliform count be preferred to total coliform count?
indication of contamination, animal vs. human.
what do vehicleborne, vectorborne, or airborne all have in common
indirect mode of transmission
Which of the following is an example of simple asphyxiation?
inert gas that displaces oxygen in the lungs
Ingesting enough pathogens to make you sick is referred to as an
infection
Which of the following is not a link in the chain of infection
infection gradient
a child in elementary school has come down with lice. this is an:
infestation
organophosphates:
inhibit cholinesterase permanently and are non-persistent (a and B)
How long must POULTRY, BALUTS, wild GAME ANIMALS (as specified under Subparagraphs 3-201.17(A)(3) and (4)), stuffed FISH, stuffed MEAT, stuffed pasta, stuffed POULTRY, stuffed RATITES, or stuffing containing FISH, MEAT, POULTRY, or RATITES be cooked at 165F?
instantaneous
good public health management requires
intelligence, organizational behavior, human resources, firm knowledge in health and epidedemiology. (all of the above)
International Maritime Organization is used when chemicals are transported where
internationally overseas
Consuming a toxin produced in food is called
intoxication
Best and most practical way to remove nitrates in potable water?
ion exchange
Alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma particles are all referred to as
ionizing radiation
What are non-particle materials which cause damage at the point of contact
irritant (chlorine)
Underground storage tank regulations... 212, 423, 1394, 1422
is a tank and any underground piping connected to the tank that has at least 10 percent of its combined volume underground. USTs, used to store petroleum, are regulated in the United States to prevent release of petroleum and contamination of groundwater. Many USTs installed before 1980 consisted of bare steel pipes, which corrode over time, and may eventually result in leakage. Faulty installation and inadequate handling may also cause leaks. In 1984, in the United States, the Congress developed laws to minimize and prevent environmental damage, by charging owners with the task of verifying, maintaining and if the case comes to it, cleaning up sites damaged by petroleum contamination. Legislation requiring owners to locate, remove, upgrade, or replace underground storage tanks became effective December 24, 1989. Each State was given authority to establish a program within its own jurisdiction to set up a program to compensate owners for the cleanup of underground petroleum leaks, to set standards and licensing for installers, and to register and inspect underground tanks.
Prevalence rate
is the proportion of persons in a population who have a particular disease or attribute at a specified point in time or over a specified period of time.
If an atom has the same atomic number but different mass it is called an
isotope
Why are gram positive bacteria most sensitive to penicillin
it attacks the production of the cell wall.
potable water means
it can be consumed in any desired amount without concern for adverse affects
Why would the fecal coliform count be perrefered to total coliform?
it is an indicator of warm blooded animals
which of the following best defines organic waste
it is carbon based and can be broken down biologically
The importance of using chemicals to treat trihalomethanes is because:
it is carcinogenic
which of the following is not true regarding q fever
it is never transmitted person to person
why is the ozone stratosphere important?
it shields the erth from harmful UV B radiation
What is the best source of protection against radioactivity?
lead
What material is the best source of protection against radioactivity
lead
Disease transmitted be rat urine
leptospirosis
According to Marriott this pathogen is estimated to cause 2500 serious illnesses and 500 deaths annually (2001):
listeria monocytogenes
Facultative bacteria can
live under both aerobic and anaerobic condition
which sol texture would you expect to be the best for vegetation, farming and treatment of septic system effluent
loam
What organ is radon most likely to affect?
lungs
What organ/s are affected by radon
lungs
an order to take action
mandatory injunction
What are the forms of corrosion protection for underground pipes? (NACE)
material selection, system design, and coatings
average length of time a mixed liquor suspended particle remains in the activated process
mean cell resident time
When a fly walks on animal feces, and some of the germs adhere to its hairs which are then passed to humans, this is called
mechanical transmission
most bateria are ____________ which is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold.
mesophile
The temperature range between 70F and 110F is called
mesophilic
Mircrowaves are reflected by
metals
Which gas in a manure holding tank is not harmful
methane
During an agricultural waste incident we can experience all of the following?
methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, ammonia)
in food that is inoculated with staphylococcus aureus and left out:
microbes would grow exponentially
What is not a form of ionization?
microwaves
not a form of ionization
microwaves
Humidifier in nursery - Concern for sanitarian because
moisture in the air to increase bacteria growth and cause infection, mold can grow
the vector for filariasis
mosquito
aedes is a type of
mosquitoe
What is the most widely accepted detection method for the saxitoxins (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning) around the world:
mouse bioassay (not as useful in Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning or Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning)
an individual came down with a case of mumps and a single case of influenza. What is the difference in resistance?
mumps exposure and resistance is lifelong while influenza resistance is not lifelong due to changing virus characteristics (different strains)
This infection cannot live in salt water. Mostly found in southwestern states of improperly treated swimming pools. an almost invariably fatal infection of the brain. Symptoms are meningitis-like and include headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, a stiff neck, confusion, hallucinations and seizures.
naegleriasis
placental transfer of immunity is an example of
natural passive
Which of the following can cause transmission of Hepatitis B?
needle sharing, blood transfusion, plasma transfusion, homosexual activity (all of the above)
What causes methooxyhemoglobin namicia in babies from water
nitrogen/nitrates
what is the title to the NJ state law which authorizes the creation of local board of health
njsa 26
What is the Sanitizer chlorine
no
Excess fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides from agricultural lands and residential areas. Oil, grease and toxic chemicals from urban runoff and energy production. Sediment from improperly managed construction sites, crop and forest lands, and eroding streambanks. These are all examples of....
non source pollution
The most common food borne illness
norovirus
which of the following would not be a violation of the regulations governing the sanitary operations of pet shops, kennels, shelter and pounds
not having a vet visit the facility on a daily basis
what is the measure of spectrum of frequencies
octive band analyzer
What is the most likely source of childhood lead poisoning?
old painted windows
a yound lake is considered to be
oligotrophic
Infections that occur in a person with AIDS are caused primarily by
opportunistic infections
What nutrients are commonly associated with eutrophication
organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphates
halo organics are
organic compounds that have Br- and Cl- in their structure
The three categoriesg of air pollutants are
organic gases, inorganic gases and aerosols
the legal definition of air pollution in NJ states that is the presence of one or more air contaminants in the
outdoor atmosphere
Sewage disposal method where effluent is allowed to flow down a graded surface that is planted with vegetation to control runoff and erosion, the excess wastewater is recovered at the bottom of the slope for reuse
overland flow (used for clay type soils with limited capacity)
what is the most powerful disinfectant that is unstable in water
ozone
The three chemicals of main concern as environmental pollutants are:
ozone, acid gases and particulates
How do you eliminate contamination in a well
p. 356
Phenol red is provided in test kits to determine the ______ level.
pH
All of the following statements are true about pH, expect.
pH variability affects microbes. Optimal range is 6.5 -8.5/ Acceptable at 6.0 -9.0. Outside this range and the microbes will be affected. (all of the above are true)
Sources (causes) of indoor air pollution include:
paint, oil, Tabaco products ( all the above)
Milligrams per Liter (mg/L) is the equivalent metric measure to:
parts per million (ppm)
Gamma:
penetrate completely though human tissue. Can be stopped by 1 inch thick lead
x-ray radiation:
penetration ability depends on the energy
flocculation is best defined as
physical process that transforms smaller particles to larger aggregates
Municipal wastewater treatment (sewers) includes the following treatments types:
physical, biological and chemical
performed in rock where groundwater is present.
pit bail test
which of the following would be considered a non-cleanable surface?
pitted pot
Shellfish poisoning is caused by a group of toxins produced by:
planktonic algae (dinoflagellates, in most cases)
which of the following soil structures would be most associated with a hydraulically restrictive horizon
platy
which of the following is not a bacteria?
polio
If an inspector were to inspect a youth camp, which of the following would he ask to see?
pool log containing ph and cl readings, written camp policies, proof of insurance, and administrative credentials (all of the above)
What is water called when it has the following qualities: aesthetically acceptable, has a reasonable temperature, is free from apparent turbidity, color, odor, objectionable taste, and disease-causing organisms
potable
What is the major food associated with salmonella?
poultry
Proper sequence or typical waste water plant
preliminary, primary settling, biological treatment, secondary settling, disinfection
which of the following is not a method of classifying bacteria?
presence or absence of spikes on the membranous envelop
is a type of backflow prevention device, used to keep non-potable (or contaminated) water from entering the water supply. A PVB is similar to an atmospheric vacuum breaker (AVB), except that the PVB contains a spring-loaded poppet.
pressure type vacuum breaker
what rate does not measure risk, the onset time is not relevant and it measures the number of cases within a population
prevalence rate
the reason for having air moving and ventilation in a manufacturing plant is to
prevent buildup of vapors and gases
What is the importance of a P-Trap plumbing devise?
prevents air from traveling back from the sewer line into the house
which of the following types of pathogens can pass unaided through the defensive mechanism of the host and set up infection
primary pathogen
Municipal wastewater treatment (sewers) includes the following treatments processes:
primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments
What is the natural reservoir of shigella?
primates
Fill and draw wading pool should be
prohibited
an order to cease and desist a particular action
prohibitory injunction
what is the significance of a percolation test
proper location and design of a septic system
main significance of proper location and design of septic system
protection of ground water supply
Giardia is classified as a
protozoa
Amoebic dysentery is caused by
protozoa / parasite
Not an indicator of fecal contaminants in water
pseudomones
What is not an indicator of fecal contaminants in the water?
pseudomones
organisms which grow at low temperatures are
psychrophilic
the venetians took important steps toward the control of communicable diseases when the introduced the practice of isolating ships that were under suspicion of carrying epidemic diseases. This practice is called
quarintine
A radioactive gas produced by the natural decay of uranium is called
radon
the bubonic plague is transmitted by
rat fleas
What do salads sandwiches, fruits, desserts and raw oysters have in common
receive no further cooking so often implicated in viral contamination
Which of the following methods below would result in the least amount of garbage?
recylcing
consist of two independent check valves. They work like a double-check backflow preventer, but they also have an intermediate relief valve that opens to atmosphere if both check valves should fail. They're used to keep contamination or pollution out of your water. Specifically, this device is installed onto your plumbing system to protect drinking water and the city water supply.
reduced pressure device
which is the best definition of total solids
refers to the matter suspended or dissolved in water or waste water
In a floor plan for a retail food establishment, which of the following should be identified?
refrigeration units, cleaning areas, dry storage, food preparation areas (all of the above)
which process is least likely to occur in a septic system
removal of BOD
which process is least likely to occur in a septic system?
removal of BOD
Sewer treatment: primary treatment consists of:
remove large and settleable solids
what is the function of a sand filter
removes suspended particles
What is unique about shigella
requires a low infection dose
What makes shigella unique
requires only a small infection dose
what is an example of non point source of pollution
residential run off
What is the only organ who's primary functional component is in direct and continuous contact with the environment
respiratory system
When an employer is held liable for the Torts a employee committed within the scope of their work
respondeat superior ("let the master answer")
rabies is caused by:
rhabdovirus
which of the following diseases, caused by a mite, has frequently been confused with chicken pox?
rickettsial pox
what agency will provide copies of the right to know survey for public and private sector facilities and hazardous substance fact sheets to anyone who makes a request?
right-to-know county lead agencies
When inspecting a public bathing place, which of the following are required?
ring buoy, pool water log, emergency phone numbers and lifeguard on duty (all of the above)
The measure of the probability and severity of adverse effects under specific conditions best describes:
risk
What is onchocerciasis?
river blindness, caused by a worm and transmitted by black flies
The unit of radiation exposure or intensity is called
roentgen (R)
which of the following best defines storm water?
runoff from streets, land and building roofs and normally discharged to receiving stream untreated by separate pipe
Rabies is transmitted by contact with
saliva from an infected animal which gets into a wound
which if the following is NOT considered to be an inorganic waste
salt, metal, gravel, sand (all of the above)
loamy soil contains which of the following?
sand, silt and clay
A perched zone of water would not be caused by:
sandy loam in seepage field
what is a type of water collection system?
sanitary waste, storm water, combined water (all of the above)
out of the following shellfish, which is the least likely to give someone hep A. Mussels, scallops, clams, or oysters.
scallops
Histamines in the muscle of fish can cause
scombroid poisoning
This floats to the top of a septic tank in the initial treatment tank
scum
Which food can be saved after a flood:
sealed canned food or retort Pouches
What is stokes law?
sedimentation velocity
the term commonly used when a pathogenic organism enters and multiplies in the blood of a susceptible host is:
septicemia
Portable wading pools
shall be emptied after use by each group of children or at least daily, and placed in storage when not in use.
word commonly used to describe dissentary
shigella
Silicosis Is caused by:
silica dust
Which of the following is required between a wading pool and a swimming pool?
six feet deck of space
What part of your body do you protect to avoid contracting Lyme Disease
skin
This sinks to the bottom of a septic tank in the initial treatment tank
sludge
What is used to inactivate chlorine in pool water?
sodium thiosulfate
sedimentation and flotation in water treatment refer to
solid-liquid separation process via gravity (generally takes two to four days, or at least 24 hours)
what is the best definition for suspended solids?
solids in water that can be trapped by a filter (settleable and non-settleable)
which of the following is the best definition of dissolved solids?
solids in water that can pass through a filter
which of the following is the best definition for colloidal solids
solids that remain dispersed in a liquid for a long time due to their small size and electrical charge
Trichloroethylene is used in:
solvents to remove grease from metal parts and as a chemical that is used to make other chemicals
indoor air quality depends on
sources of air pollution in the building, sources of pollution outside the building, and the exchange of air between the inside and outside
space measuring in housing codes
square feet per floor space
laws enacted by elected officials of a nation or state are
statutes
Water sampling technique when transporting to the lab?
sterile glass or plastic bottle is the most important (also using the right preservative is important)
The process which kills all forms of microbial life:
sterilization
bed sheets from an isolation ward of a hospital should be
stuffed into impervious bags and washed without sorting
Vent gasses from a coal-burning furnace combined with high moisture create:
sulfuric acid
water which is open to the atmosphere
surface water (lake, ponds, streams etc.)
heterotrophic plate count does what?
tells how well the disinfectant is working
Pufferfish (also called "fugu" or "blowfish") are thought of as a delicacy - even though they contain this toxin:
tetrodotoxin (in some types of pufferfish, some of the organs like the liver and skin contain tetrodotoxin; in some pufferfish the toxin is in the meat also; and some have no toxin at all)
Longterm acceptance rate (LTAR) relates to the movement of effluent through the clogging mat in a disposal field. Which of the following is incorrect
the clogging mat only forms in disposal fields installed in loam
the formation of halo-organics in drinking water is most important because
the compound may be carcinogenic
what is false about campylobacter jejuni is false?
the food it is most commonly linked with is undercooked beef, especially hamburger
During stationary phase,
the growth rate slows as a result of nutrient depletion and accumulation of toxic products. This phase is reached as the bacteria begin to exhaust the resources that are available to them.
a maximum contaminant level (mcl) is
the level of a contaminant in drinking water which when exceeded, could cause health impacts
local board of health members are appointed by
the local governing body
if you ever wanted to know what hazardous chemicals are present at a covered facility what would you refer to?
the right to know survey
Synergism is best defined as:
the total is greater than the sum of the parts
where does leptospirosis come from?
the urine of animals, especially farm animals, rodents or dogs
in choosing a laboratory, health departments must make sure
they are NJDEPE certified for the test you want performed
When there's a flu epidemic, the first consideration is to:
those of high risk groups
Family has bites, itch and bump which is caused by all EXCEPT
tick does not create itching bumps (louse, bedbug and mites all create itching bumps)
In case of an overturned truck containing radioactive material, the best way of preventing injury is by:
time, distance, shielding
in the case of an overturned truck containing radioactive material, the best way of preventing injury is by:
time, distance, shielding
most outdoor air emissions are derived from
transportation
What has been linked to ethnic foods and pork?
trichinella
What worm can be found in pork, not beef
trichinia
Fresh pork which is not properly cooked can cause
trichinosis
which isn't a certified lab test for water?
trihalomethanes
What is the lowest portion of Earth's atmosphere called:
troposphere (a height of about 3.7-6.2 miles (6-10 km)
T/F: Activated Sludge is a floc or solid formed by microbes.
true
T/F: Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) The suspended solids concentration in the mixed liquor and common qualitative reference to the amount of microbes in the activated sludge process
true
T/F: Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) is a treatment of units that consists of a shaft, "media" tank and a drive unit
true
T/F: Velocity Must be maintained at 2 ft/sec in gravity sewers (slope).
true
True or False : Asbestos a health risk because asbestos exist as microscopic respirable particles that remain airborne for long periods, Inhalation of Asbestos particles cause lung tissue scarring and is linked to cancer, Health issues with an Asbestos may not become a parent until the 15th through 40 years after exposure.
true
giardia and cryptosporidium are two types of protozoa true or false
true
staphylococcal food poisoning is a classic example of intoxication not an infection true or false
true
true or false, carbon monoxide burns at about 250 times more effectively to a hemoglobin than oxygen and its deprivation will result in death.
true
true or false, polio and hepatitis are types of viruses
true
true or false, stapholococcal food poisoning is a classic example of an intoxication not an infection
true
true or false,NO2 and SO2 are Acidic aerosols they can enter the respiratory pathway
true
zoonotic diseases can be transmitted directly or indirectly true or false
true
This zoonosis can be transmitted by touching infected meat
tularemia
a hunter shot and subsequently skinned rabbits without wearing gloves. He then experienced ulcers on his skin and lymph node swelling. He probably has contracted:
tularemia
Disease associated with rabbits and small game?
tuluremia
which of the following diseases is resistant to disinfection and is the targeted organism in pasteurization
turberculosis
particles smaller than this in the respiratory systems are so small they can move into the smallest reaches of the lungs complex airways
under 1 micron
an example of point-source pollution is
underground storage tanks
what is a good example of point source pollution
underground storage tanks
radiation absorbed dose (rad)
unit used to measure the amount of radiation absorbed
in taking a lab sample for water microbiology, you should:
use a sterile container, take at least 100 ml for total coliform, keep the sample cold and have the sample analyzed within 30 hrs (all of the above)
when there is a flu epidemic, the first consideration is to
vaccinate those high risk groups
What is the purpose of herd immunity
vaccination of a certain percentage of the population to give immunity to the whole population
If a child tested for high lead after a finger stick test, what would be the next course of action?
venous blood sample
This bacterium causes acute enteric disease with sudden onset and is comma shaped
vibrio
Time and temperature controls cannot protect against
viruses
Radiation could scatter and bounce off the
wall, floor, ceiling
What should homeowners use to kill rats?
warfarin
a potentially hazardous food will not occur when
water activity is less than .85 and ph is less than 4.6
Wading pool
water shall be chemically disinfected by means of not less than 0.4 parts per million (ppm) and no more than two (2) ppm free available chlorine or by means of equivalent approved disinfection. The concentration shall be measured by an approved chemical test kit available on site.
sylvatic plague is a disease from
wild rodents
rotavirus is most likely to affect
young children and infants
Fish to be served raw must be frozen how cold for how long? (except some Tuna and aquaculture fish)
-4F for 7 days, -31 for 15 hours, frozen to-31F until solid then stored -4°F for 24 hours
Which is not significant in minimizing hazardous exposure in the work place?
.Circulate air so it wouldn't blow in the faces of the workers
Dioxin maximum conc in drinking water
0.00003 parts per billion 1ppb????? No occupational limits have been set because it is a carcinogen and teratogen.
Based on the number of studies, the quantity of hazardous waste typically represents less than about ______ % of the total waste generated by households.
0.5
Symptoms from chemical food poisoning can be seen within?
1 hour
When below 5000 ft elevation, what is the minimum time you should hold water at a rolling boil to disinfect it?
1 minute
How much food does an adult rat eat?
1 oz of food per day
What should the Chlorine level be in a swimming pool?
1 ppm in pools
What is the free chlorine residual for pools?
1 to 3 mg/L
What is a proper emergency water treatment?
1-2 drops of chlorine
How many ppm's in a pool to maintain Cl residual?
1-3 ppm; but at least .2; optimum level is 1 ppm
What is the normal operating free chlorine residual used in regular practice for swimming pools?
1-3mg/L
particles about this size are not caught by the respiratory systems cilia and mucus and settle in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
1-5 micron
What are the four stages of an infected individual?
1. Incubation period, 2. Carrier state. 3.fulminante infection 4. Remission/immunity
Sanitizarion in a dish machine is achieved by
1. Low temperature chemical rinse, 2. high temp final rinse
Name the steps required to take during a waterborne outbreak
1. Preparation and planning, 2.detection, 3.confirmation 4.description5. Hypothesis formulation 6. Hypothesis testing 7. Control measures 8.formal report
What are the 2 virus strains?
1. Variola major, highly virulent form that produces a high mortality rate 2.variola minor, milder form with less than 1 % mortality rate
Algae that usually appear in the pool as dark spots or patches on the walls and bottom, can be controlled and prevented if a free chlorine level of _______ ppm is consistently maintained.
1.0
Dichloroethylene:
1.1: solvents 1,2: cleaning fluid
In relation to plumbing, an air gap is the unobstructed vertical space between the water outlet and the flood level of the fixture. Which of the following meets the minimum required distance to be considered a proper air gap?
1.5 inches for a .75 inch diameter faucet
What is considered to be NOT overcrowding?
1.5 people to a room
Calculate confidence interval
1.96 x (standard deviation)
Slope in a trench
1/16 of an inch??????
Health dept require that dogs or other animals that have bitten a human shall be quarantined for:
10 days
What is the best setback distance between a water line and sewer line in a trailer park?
10 ft
What is the minimum distance between a water line and a sewer line in a trailer park?
10 ft
What is the best soil moisture for the survival of pathogens:
10- 20% saturation
When locating a site for a landfill, it is important to know the economical hauling distance to the landfill site is:
10-15 miles
Minimum wash-water temperatures of the hospital laundry are specified as:
10-167 for 25 minutes
How far to bury animals from the house
100 ft
The ideal level of alkalinity in pool water is:
100 mg/l
What sample volume must be utilized in analyzing for total coliforms, regardless of the analytical method used:
100 ml
What is the norway rat home range?
100-150 feet
The normal size septic tank installation for a 3 bedroom house is:
1000 gallons
A small quantity generator of hazardous wastes is considered to be one that generates how much hazardous waste in a calendar month?
100kg to 1000kg)
Spa and hot tub maximum temperature is?
104 degrees
What is the highest temperature for a spa?
104 degrees (choose 102 to 104 degrees if it's an option)
What is the maximum temperature for a spa?
104 degrees F
Maximum temp required for a hot tub
104F
Distance from sewage disposal and water line in mobile home
10ft
When analyzing specifically for fecal coliform, incubation for 24 hours at _____ degrees is required.
112
After a food borne illness outbreak is detected what is the MINIMUM time period required for food borne illness investigations/
12 hours (the range is 12 to 72 hours).
12 ppg of a chemical is best represented as
12 ug/l
ppb ( parts per billion ) of a chemical is best represented as
12 ug/l
The LEAST amount of backfill over the absorption field should be:
12-18 inches
What is a high rate sand filter?
12-20 dpm/ ft2
What are the cooling processes to avoid the danger zone
135 to 70 in 2 hours. 70 to 41 in 4 hours.
Plant FOODS that are cooked for hot holding shall be cooked to a temperature of
135F
Fish should be cooked to what temperature?
145
Egg heating?
145 (beef and fish too)
Standard for lead in potable drinking water is?
15 ppb
In schools, good standards specify that, the mechanical ventilation system provide a minimum air exchange of:
15-20^3 per minute per student
According to salvato septic tank size is based on estimated sewage flow per bedroom per day which is:
150 gallons
Ground beef should cooked to what temperature
155
Unpasteurized eggs not intended for immediate service should be cooked at?
155 degrees for 15 seconds
When oxygen levels dip below this volume (%), dizziness, rapid heartbeat, and headache may occur
16%
Minimum wash temperature for hospital laundry is?
160 degrees
What is the recommended temperature for a hospital laundry?
160 degrees
What temperature for hospital laundry?
160-167 degrees F for 25 min. Dilution, use of bleach, and drying cycle more important than temperature
Chicken should be cooked to what temperature
165
Gravy has been stored overnight in a refrigerator. You need to reheat it so you can hot hold it for the day. What is the required temperature you need to reach to reheat a product?
165
According to Nemerow, Salvato, ET AL, raw shell eggs, poultry, and poultry products should be thoroughly heated to a minimum internal temperature of _______ to prevent foodborne illness.
165 degrees
Reheat food which will be hot-held to what temperature
165F (for 15sec)
what is the correct time and temperature for hot water sanitation
170 degrees for 30 seconds
If immersion in hot water is used for SANITIZING in a manual operation, the temperature of the water shall be maintained at
171F or above
What is the sludge accumulation for a normal home annually ?
18-21 gallons per person per year
Sludge accumulation serving a normal house has been estimated at
18-21gal per person per year
final rinse temperature at the manifold in a single tank dishwasher
180
When using heat to sanitize dishes, pots, and pans, the bacteria are killed when exposed to water at this minimum temp:
180 degrees
Lead poisoning is commonly associated with children living in homes built before
1970
What is the slope for ramps determined by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
1:12 or less
An average person yields about ______ billion coliform per day through excrement.
2
To ensure the removal of most pathogenic microorganisms in sewage, it is necessary to have at least ______ feet of suitable soil between the bottom of the absorption field trench bottom and the highest groundwater level or impermeable layer.
2
After a landfill site is closed it should be covered with at least how much soil/material/earth?
2 feet (NOTE: Daily cover of: 6-24 inches; 2ft final cover)
What indicates a foodborne outbreak?
2 or more cases from unrelated people
The term "super chlorinate" basically means the free residual concentrations is increased by:
2 ppm
before taking a drinking water sample, flush the tap for how long
2-3min
Distance from top of potable water line to sink?
2.5 times the diameter and no less than 1 inch
Adults typically absorb approximately this percentage of lead they ingest?
20%
A hydropneumatic tank typically contains what percent of its volume of water?
20% or 1/5
Based on soil attenuation, draining, natural and man-made barriers; sanitary landfills should preferably be at least _________ feet in distance from a stream or lake.
200
In good soils with appropriate geology, landfill sites should be at least how far from streams, lakes or other surface bodies of water?
200 feet
In a recreational area with gender bathrooms, what is the ratio of toilets per person?
200 per person
If chlorine is used as the sanitizer of choice for food contact surfaces, the required concentration and contact time to assure destruction of pathogens is:
200 ppm for 1 minute
FDA recommends a minimum time for hand washing of
20sec
What is the maximum amount of hazardous waste that a company can produce each month before the RCRA regulations would apply?
220 lbs
What is the total amount of hazardous waste an industry can produce without complying to RCRA requirements?
220 lbs same as 100 kg
What does radon break down to?
222Rn
What is the min separation required from trench bottom or ground water (grw) table
24 " above seasonal high GRw table
When collecting drinking water samples for microbiological analysis it is recommended that samples be examined within:
24 -48 hours
An efficient septic tank design should provide for a detention time longer than:
24 hours
The minimum retention time recommended for a septic tank is:
24 hours
How deep is the top layer of a landfill(completed)
24 inches
To assist in the maintenance of aerobic conditions, on-site wastewater system sub-surfaces absorption fields should not exceed depths of:
24 inches
What is the amount of soil you must put on a finished landfill
24 inches
the base layer of a landfill top and sides is measured at
24 inches
What is the recommended detention time for wastewater in a septic tank?
24 to 72 hours
What is the recommended detention time for wastewater in a septic tank?
24-72 Hours.
Septic system disposal fields must have how much space between the bottom of the disposal unit and the seasonal high ground water
24inches
Some common pathogenic organisms found in wastewater will survive more than
2yrs
According to the EPA, septic tanks should be pumped and serviced every:
3 -5 years
The chimney should be how high above the home?
3 feet above a flat roof or 2 feet above the tallest part of a peaked roof or wall parapet.
Maximum filter flow rates for rapid sand filters used in public pools is:
3 gallons per minute per square foot
How much water is required per day per person after a natural disaster?
3-5 gallons per day
What is the turnover rate for a spa?
30 minutes
Emergency Shelters require how much space?
30 square feet per person
Emergency shelters should provide a minimum of how much space per person?
30 square feet per person
What is the desirable alkalinity of water?
30 to 100 mg/l
What is the appropriate level of cynuric acid in a swimming pool?
30-50 ppm
What should the Cyanuric acid level be in a swimming pool
30-50mg/L
What is the proper way to calibrate a thermometer?
32 degrees in ice water or 212 degrees in boiling water
How much air do humans breathe?
35 lbs per day
Trickling filter removes what percent of bacteria
35% Steve's answer choices were 30, 40 , 60 ...nice NEHA.
What percentages of BOD and suspended solids are effected during primary settling?
35% BOD and 60% Suspended solids
How far apart should sleeping mats be in a childcare center?
36 inches
The traditional absorption field should be laid in trenches not more than how far below the ground surface?
36 inches from the ground surface to the bottom of the trench material
At what temperature would you store a pool chemical test kit?
36-85 degrees F
According to Marriott, this percentage of food contamination is attributed to improper hand washing is:
38%
The number of gallons in a pool that is 60 feet long and 25 feet long with an average depth of 3.5 feet is:
39,375
A practical way to classify the seriousness of an incident and quickly convey this information to other personnel is to use emergency action levels. How many emergency action levels are there?
4
Ham sandwich prepared by caterer must be discarded after how many hours?
4 hours
Utensils that are in continuous use must be washed, rinsed, and sanitized every
4 hours
What is the maximum accumulated time that potentially hazardous food can safely be exposed to the temperature danger zone?
4 hours
Skimmers work effectively at removing floating body oils and bacteria in a water level range of about:
4 inches
PEL for Radon?
4 pCi/l/day
The US environmental protection agency has a guideline limit of radon exposure in the home at:
4 picocuries per liter per 24 hours
What is the ph range of staph
4.0-9.8
Excluded from the food code definition of a potentially hazardous foods, are foods with a pH below:
4.6
The amount of municipal solid waste collected per capita per day is estimated to be:
4.6 lbs
A minimum of_______ feet squared of sleeping area per person is required in the APHA appraisal method
40
The capacity of a proposed modern day landfill should be sufficient to operate for a period of time not to exceed:
40 years
What is the minimum BOD requirement for a trickling filter?
40%
What is the optimal moisture level for a home?
40% - 50%, but the ideal range is anywhere from 30% - 50%.
The best humidity for a home:
40%-60%
Residential cesspool and septic tank soil absorption systems discharge how many gallons per day?
400 billion
Residential cess pools and septic tank soil absorption systems discharge_________ gallons per day?
400 billion gallons
Shellfish have been approved to be held below which temperature?
41 degrees
What temp do you store Pooled eggs that have not been treated for Salmonella
41F
What is the temperature Danger zone for foods
41F-135F
At what temperatures are shell eggs received?
45 degrees F or less
Which amendment deals with illegal search and seizure of private property?
4th (IV)
Which amendment of the US Constitution protects a nonpublic area from unreasonable searches and seizures?
4th Amendment
particles about this size and larger are caught by the respiratory systems cilia and mucus
5 microns
Lead absorbed how many more times in children than compared to adults?
5 times more
Lead is absorbed how many times more in infants than in adults?
5 times more (50% absorption rate in kids, 10% in adults)
According to 2010 revised estimates by the CDC, the number of deaths annually related to foodborne illnesses, is estimated to be:
5,000
Household bleach is what percent chlorine
5.25% sodium hypochlorite
To prevent possible contamination of private water supplies, septic tank absorption fields shall be located at least _____ feet from any water well.
50
Psychrophilic bacteria grow best at what temperature?
50 degrees F or below (cold loving bacteria)
Required area per person on a swim beach?
50 ft2 at a minimum; 200 ft2 would be ideal
What is the minimum recommended space of Beach area per person?
50 sq ft
What is the spacing required for public beaches?
50 square feet
Children between the ages of 2 and 3 years old typically absorb what percentage of the lead might they ingest?
50%
The percentage of the US population dependent on groundwater for drinking and domestic purposes is about:
50%
Water related diseases occupy what percentage of hospital beds worldwide?
50%
If the septic tank will serve a house with a garbage disposal unit it should be
50% larger
What is the standard particle count for an urban area?
50,000
A well for private home should preferably have a capacity (well yield) of at least:
500 gallons per hour
Giardia cyst concentration that causes disease
500:1
Psychrophiles thrive in which temperatures
50F (or lowest temp given)
No person should be permitted to enter a trench or pit in sandy clay soil that has unsupported sides deeper than
5ft
The National Ambient Air Quality Standards has been established for how many pollutants:
6 (particle matters of 10 microns or less, Ozone, Lead, Sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide.)
Routinely used pool's re-circulation system must be able to attain turnover every:
6 hrs
At the end of each days operation of a landfill, all exposed solid waste should receive a minimum soil cover of:
6 inches
top layer of a landfill is measured at
6 inches
How far (what depth) can flies penetrate compacted soil?
6 inches (5 feet un-compacted)
How long can a maximum of 6000 kg of hazardous wastes be stored on site?
6 months
Septic tanks serving commercial operations should be inspected at least every:
6 months
What is the average turnover rate for community pools?
6 to 8 hours (spas=30 minutes and wading pools=1 to 2 hours)
What are the worldwide GI illness rates?
6-60 billion with 2 million direct deaths
A pool filtration system should filter the entire volume of water in the pool every?
6-8 hours
What is the PH of secondary treatment effluent?
6-9
The primary drinking water act sets the MCL for pH of drinking water at:
6.5 - 8.5
Salmonella grows best in what pH?
6.5-7.5
Indoor relative humidity of _______ % promotes germination and growth of fungal spores, mold, and mildew.
60
A properly functioning septic tank will accomplish a 5 day BOD removal of about:
60 percent
Excessive condensation, corrosion, and mildew can occur when relative humidity exceeds
60%
Excessive condensation, corrosion, and mildew occur when the relative humidity exceeds
60%
Skimmers and gutters should receive what minimum percent of flow in a standard pool?
60%
Total alkalinity of swimming pools shall be maintained in the range of:
60-180 ppm (mg/l)
What is the maximum time Potentially Hazardous Foods can be safely exposed to temperature danger zone
6hrs
How many tips of healthy housing are there?
7
The ideal pH range for swimming pools is?
7.2-7.6ppm
The recommended pH for pool water is:
7.4-7.6
most probable number for shellfish waters to be acceptable
70 total coliforms per 100ml
When will we start to take history during a food borne illness outbreak?
72 prior to the onset of symptoms
What is the thermal standard with 40% humidity and air circulation rate of 45 fpm?
760 degrees F
At what temperature is chlorine most effective?
78 degrees F
When using liquid, unscented household chlorine bleach to disinfect water in an emergency , how many drops per gallon should be added?
8 drops per gallon
threshold limiting value is:
8 hrs that you can be exposed to a chemical with no adverse affects
By how many millions of people is the population increasing?
80 million per year
What is the maximum time for industry to generate hazardous waste without a permit?
90 = large quantity 180 = small quantity
For workers, a sound level above ____ dBA should be considered unsafe for daily exposure over a period of months
90 dBA
Shellfish tags should be kept for how many days after the container is empty?
90 days
External contamination of radiation can be reduced by what percent by removing external clothing?
90%
The coliform group of organisms includes all aerobic to facultative anaerobic, gram negative, non-spore forming, rod shaped bacteria that ferment lactose with acid and gas formation within 24-48 hours at:
95 degrees
Hand washing water temperature?
98-100 degrees F
What is the maximum hand washing temperature?
98-110 degrees
keeping hot foods hot and cold foods cold regers to these temps
<41 and >135
What advantage does photodegradable plastic have for a landfill? a) volume reduction b) acts to catalyze breakdown of waste
A
What is the most effective and long lasting way to deal with mosquitoes? a) drain the water, b) set the water in motion c) larvacide, d) ? listed with a fish that starts with a G
A
The most wide spread cock roach found in a restaurant is:
A German Cockroach
Which of the following is NOT REQUIRED at a water treatment plant?
A Pre-incident Plan
What can you use to collect dust in a cement plant?
A baghouse filter
If radon was a problem in your area, what room would be high risk?
A basement or first floor if basement doesn't exist
Which of the following best describes Hepatitis C?
A blood-borne virus where most people become infected by sharing needles or other equipment to inject drugs.
What is trichloroethane?
A cleaner and degreaser of metals
What is formaldehyde?
A colorless gas that can cause contact dermatitis and extreme discomfort in an indoor environment
What is a CT Scanner
A combination of a computer and X-rays
What is an injunction?
A court order
What is the meaning of Pasteurization?
A heat process that kills all vegetative pathogenic bacteria. A pasteurization temperature of 165F is commonly used in the milk and food industry.
Impulse noise is best defined as:
A loud blast from a firecracker
What is a biohazard?
A material of biological composition, especially if infective, that constitutes a threat to people or their environment.
Which of the following best defines a pathogen?
A microorganism that is infectious and causes disease.
Any person who violates any of the health or quarantine laws may be guilty of
A misdemeanor
The flushometer valve is typically protected by?
A non-pressure type vacuum breaker
What is the least that can be used to block Alpha particles?
A piece of paper.
High concentrations of Nitrates in drinking water are:
A possible cause of methemoglobinemia (Blue Baby Syndrome)
Approved public swimming pools should have what?
A pump that will re-circulate the contents of the pool every 6-8 hours, a filter that is designed for the output of the recirculation pump, a disinfection system capable of dosing an outdoor pool at 10mg/L (indoor pool 5mg/L) (CHOOSE ALL OF THE ABOVE.)
What causes Scabies?
A scabies mite, the answers were about how it's transmittedThrough contact
Septic Tank is
A self contained tank where solid waste is separated from the water and the water is filtered into the ground.
Drainline of an icecream machine should connect to
A sewer by an open receptacle with an air gap
What can alpha particles be blocked by?
A sheet of paper (beta can pass through paper, stopped by aluminum. Gamma is difficult to stop, needs concrete or other heavy shielding
What can stop alpha particles?
A sheet of paper (or a few inches of air)
slow sand:
A slow sand filter consists of a watertight basin, usually covered, built of concrete, and equipped with a rate controller and loss-of-head gauge. Recommended for small communities; 50 gal/ft2 of filter area per day
What is the critical control point in food preparation?
A step when control is essential to prevent or eliminate or reduce a food safety hazard
Lyme disease is caused by
A tick bite (ixodes is the genus name for the tick)
Waste landfills should be supplemented with what?
A top and bottom liner, leachate collection and removal system and a leak detection system).
What is a Roentgen?
A unit of radiation or intensity (x-rays or gamma rays)
A water treatment plant should have what (according to Salvato)?
A well equipped lab, certified operator, and qualified chemist. (is certified chemist the same as qualified chemist and if the question asks what is NOT needed at a water treatment plant would the answer be "Licensed Plant Manager since certified operator is required to be there).
A water treatment plant should have:
A well-equipped laboratory, certified operator, and qualified chemist
What are the minimum requirements for a house?
A) Sleeping rooms less than 40 sq ft B)living rooms less than 300 sq ft C) 1.5 people per bedroom (if one answer is 1.2 person per room choose that as the answer because it is not a min requirement (overcrowding in a bedroom - minimum is >or=2xbed+2)?)
What's the reason for having air moving and ventilation in a manufacturing plant?
A.To prevent build-up of vapors
A school chem. Lab should have all of the following except: Look in TCHD regs a) backflow to sinks b) emergency showers
A????????????????
What is the waterborne disease mortality rate?
About 3.4 million people yearly
Soil sterilants are a type of herbicide which are?
Absorbed by the plant through the root system
Mostly found when people handle/mishandle any type of lenses. It's a microscopic, free-living ameba, or amoeba* that can cause rare**, but severe infections of the eye, skin, and central nervous system. The ameba is found worldwide in the environment in water and soil.
Acamtamoeba
Asbestos was used for:
Acoustic ceiling tile , insulation products, and some floor materials, (ALL OF THE ABOVE)
A trailer park is leaking hazardous waste directly on the ground and there is an immediate health threat and the owner will not speak to you, what can you do?
Acquire an injunction notice (injunction = is an equitable remedy in the form of a court order that requires a party to do or refrain from doing specific acts).
What is an embargo?
Action authorized by law to restrict or prevent the movement for the protection of public health safety and welfare
used to purify liquids and gases in a variety of applications, including municipal drinking water, food and beverage processing, odor removal, industrial pollution control. produced from carbonaceous source materials, such as coconuts, nutshells, coal, peat and wood.
Activated Carbon
Sewer treatment: what is the process when sludge containing large quantities of aerobic bacteria are fed into aeration tanks containing the primary treated sewage effluent
Activated sludge process
the best control of swimmer's itch (which is caused by a protozoa) at a bathing beach is to?
Add copper sulfate
Employer responsibility with HAZCOM Program (Hazard Communication)?
Address hazards whether or not they are regulated by government standards.
Moving an employee to another work location to avoid further contact with the hazardous environment is called
Administrative Control
If a food receives a maximum amount of unknown pesticide, what is the food considered to be?
Adulterated
What food should not be obtained by a food vendor?
Adulterated food items (unsafe or impure food items)
Which of the following mosquito species is a vector for the virus that causes dengue fever?
Aedes
Yellow fever is usually transmitted by the mosquito:
Aedes aegypti
Evisceration and cold storage of chickens at 3 degrees Celsius (37.4 degrees Fahrenheit) may cause an increase in numbers of these bacteria.
Aeromonas hydrophila
When this is inhaled, it can produce tissue damage or tissue reaction, and eventual disease. (For example silica dust)
Aerosols
This air pollutant is commonly found in the form of carbon or soot particles, metallic oxides and salts, oily or tarry droplets, acid rain, silicates
Aerosols (may be found in liquid or solid states)
Who regulates OSHA?
Agency of the US Dept of Labor
Acceptable sludge disposal?
Agriculture, landfill, incineration, ocean dumping
What is LEAST effected when contaminated air is found in a hospital?
Air filtered in the morgue.
What is the gap in an ice machine for?
Air gap to prevent backflow contamination
What are some backflow prevention devices?
Air gap, atmospheric vacuum breaker, pressure vacuum breaker, dual check valves
What is the Ringleman smoke chart used for?
Air pollution....
What are the three types of respirators?
Air purifying cartridges, SCBA, supplied air
HACCP is mainly designed for?
All foods (but Salvato says the primary foods are those dealing with beef and chicken).
any non parasitic antigen (protein) capable of evoking a hypersensitive immune response
Allergens
Which of the following have little penetrating power and are normally a hazard to one's health only in the form of internal radiation received through ingestion, inhalation, or open wounds?
Alpha Particle
Which radioactive particles have little penetrating power and are normally a hazard only in the form of internal ingestion, inhalation, or open wounds?
Alpha particles
What is a tank?
Also known as the aeration tank, and its designed to provide a suitable environment where microbes can grow, reproduce, and stabilize organics via suitable mixing and detention time. (A and B)
What is a chemical that is commonly used to improve pool water clarity?
Alum (aluminum sulfate)
The largest of the following species of cockroaches (40-60 mm long) is:
American
Which of the following species of cockroaches tend to inhabit open, wet acres such as basements, and sewer pipes?
American
What is the vector for rocky mountain spotted fever?
American Dog Tick
What presence in water usually indicates fresh pollution?
Ammonia
Nitrogen is transformed into what during conventional biological processes?
Ammonia and biological sludge
What is not commonly found in effluent?
Ammonia trioxide
Which of the following best defines Detention Time?
Amount of time spent in the pipe getting to WWTP (days or hrs.)
What is an action authorized by law to retrict or prevent the movement of goods for the protection of public health safety and welfare called?
An EMBARGO
The senior emergency response official responding to an emergency is called?
An Incident Commander
What is an embargo?
An action authorized by law to restrict or prevent movement of goods for the protection of public health, safety , and welfare
In terms of housing environments a blighted area is:
An area where buildings are allowed to deteriorate
The drain line of an ice machine should connect to the sewer system through:
An open receptacle with an air gap
Bacteria that can live and multiply in a non-oxygen environment are known as:
Anaerobes
What is bacteria that cannot grow in oxygen called?
Anaerobic
Which of the following are least important in reducing sewage to soil, liquids and/ or gases?
Anaerobic bacteria
What mosquito carries malaria?
Anopheles
Which of the following mosquito genuses is primarily the vector of malaria?
Anopheles
Also known as woolsorters disease because of its association with sheep, this biological agent has been targeted as a possible terrorist biological weapon:
Anthrax
What is a common type of bioterrorism agent that has been used?
Anthrax/Smallpox
What is an antibacterial agent used on skin tissue called ?
Antiseptic
Before what year would you find lead paint used in homes?
Any homes prior to 1978
What is a Control Point
Any step at which biological, chemical, or physical factors can be controlled.
What is the best method used to indicate a gas leak on piping?
Apply soap bubbles to piping (at possible leak sites, joints) and look for air bubbles
Know characteristics of alpha particles
Are they made of protons & neutrons? Yes Is absorbed the most matter? No Do they have a high penetration rate? No
Tanning beds cause all of the following except:
Arrhythmia
What article of the constitution protects nonpublic areas from unreasonable search and seizures
Article 4
What illness is caused fine silicate fibers accumulated in the lungs?
Asbestosis
Prolonged exposure to asbestos can cause?
Asbestosis and mesothelioma
What is it called when you clean human skin?
Asepsis
Source reduction prevents waste where
At the source
When must a priority violation be corrected?
At time of inspection
the importance of a ground fault interrupter?
Automatically shut off the electric power at the source
What is Mean Cell Resident Time?
Average length of time a mixed liquor suspended solid particle remains in the activated process.
Which of the following is not construction/ demolition debris? a) Power lines and debris from a storm b) appliances and construction something???
B
Which organization requires cover for baking dough
BISSC (Baking Industry Sanitation Standards Committee)
When you add a disposal to a kitchen and septic system, what do you expect to see an increase in?
BOD
the amount of dissolved oxygen needed (i.e. demanded) by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period.
BOD
What determines sewage strength?
BOD (biochemical oxygen demand)
What is BOD
BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand (is the amount of dissolved oxygen that must be present in water in order in order for microorganisms to decompose the organic matter in the water. Used as a measure of the degree of pollution.)
Measured over 5 day period at 20 Degrees C to determine strength of sewage. Has control and test group. Samples are refrigerated at 4C before tests
BOD test
Wastewater is the used water which comes from a home, business, or community and its strength is measured in what?
BOD, COD and Suspended solids (choose ALL OF THE ABOVE)
Which of the following are examples of water quality tests?
BOD, DO and microbial tests. (all of the above)
Which major food borne illness is spore-forming?
Bacillus Cereus
A pathogen that is commonly found in rice, pasta, and dried milk is:
Bacillus cereus
Which microorganism is described by these key features? Aerobic spore former; at least 100,000 cells are needed to cause symptoms. makes two enterotoxins; often found on rice and other grains
Bacillus cereus
What are spore formers?
Bacillus cereus, C. Botulinum , clostridium perfringens 5
This can withstand high heat for extended period so is perfect for testing the autoclave.
Bacillus stearothermophilus
What bacteria is used as an indicator for sterilization in an autoclave?
Bacillus sternothermophilus at 10^6
When the pressure in a potable water system becomes less than that in a non-potable water system due to a vacuum or reduced pressure, it is known as:
Back siphonage
Salmonella is a:
Bacteria
Which of the following have the highest water activity (Aw) requirements?
Bacteria
The sand filter is used to remove?
Bacteria and suspended solids from water.
What is leptospirosis?
Bacterial disease caused by contaminated animal urine. Symptoms; kidney damage and meningitis
Salmonella is an example of a(n):
Bacterial infection
Substances or agents that inhibit microbial activity are called
Bacteriostats
What industry does the BISSC deal with?
Baking (stands for Baking Industry Sanitation Standards Committee).
Outbreaks of ciguatera fish poisoning are most frequently associated with eating which of the following?
Barracuda
Which of the following is the primary reservoir for rabies in the united states?
Bats
When addressing the public on emergency situation
Be accurate and authoritative
How does meat spoil?
Beef spoils from surface inward. Pork spoils bone outward. Ground beef decomposes rapidly
Psychrophilic bacteria best grow in what temperature range?
Below 45 degrees
Skin irritation can be caused by prolonged exposure to water with a pH of ?
Below 7.4 or 7.0 (eye irritation is prolonged exposure to 7.4 and below as well)
Where do you store iced fish in the refrigerator?
Below ready to eat foods and above raw meats
Which type if ionizing radiation travels in tortuous paths through absorbing material
Beta radiation
What level of methane is explosive in landfills?
Between 5-15%
The effluent strength of wastewater is the?
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Measurement of oxidation reduction potential by bacteria. Measured the dissolved oxygen level of waste water that would be used up by bacteria during aerobic oxidation.
Biological Oxygen Demand
What is the best way to minimize odors in a privy or latrine?
Biological activities and ventilation
Most food illness is caused by
Biological contaminants
Biosafety lab II need what required equipment
Biological safety cabinet, autoclave, PPE...Steve's answer included not needing to wash clothes after.
The process of using bacteria or fungi to degrade hazardous wastes is called
Bioremediation
The biosafety containment level suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment is:
Biosafety Level 2
What is biological safety equipment?
Biosafety cabinets and PPE (personal protective equipment)
Wastewater from toilets, latrines, or privies containing fecal matter is commonly referred to as:
Black water
What does ozone cause in plants?
Bleaching, frecks, stipple and growth suppression
Toxic lead exposure levels:
Blood: 10 mg /dl Air : 0.15 mg/m3 Water: 15 mg/L
Prevailing winds ...
Blow predominantly from a single direction over a particular point on earth's surface
In emergency situations what should be done to water for disinfection?
Boil (at least 1 minute), 8 drops of iodine tincture per quart, chlorine (regular strength, unscented) per gallon of water and let sit for at least 30 minutes.
Emergency water treatment?
Boil for 1 minute. (100 degrees Celsius is 212 degrees Fahrenheit). Also can add suggested amount of chlorine per gallon of water and let sit for 30 minutes. Can also use 8 drops of iodine tincture per quart of water. Can also use 1 tsp of bleach per gallon of water
The long term consumption of water high in fluoride (8 to 20 mg/l) may negatively affect:
Bones
The etiologic agent causing lyme disease is:
Borrella burgdorferi
Pharmaceuticals in water treatment plants are
Both solid and liquid
From a public health standpoint, all ingredients from swollen canned products should be discarded and denatured due to the threat of:
Botulism
Which of the following is true regarding proper septic functions?
Breakdown of solids by anaerobic actions
Due to increasing resistance to the commonly used rodenticides, this reformulated non-anticoagulant is being used that produces death in rodents in 1-3 days compared to 5-7 days for anticoagulants:
Bromethalin
How do you dispose of an animal carcass?
Burial, incineration, composting
How is E. coli 0157: H7 spread?
By direct contact and under-cooked food
What would be found in a pond below a poultry and cow pen? a) legionella b) shistasoma c) leptospirosis
C. Know about diseases a) major problem in hospitals; spread by aerosols and water ingestion (respiratory infection) b) flukes, snail is host to parasite c) feces of swine, cats dogs, rats, mice, foxes and sheep
The enforcement of solid waste landfills is authorized by?
CEHA
If the house has gas oven, need to check for smoke detector and what detector?
CO2 detector
the total amount of oxygen demand in a sample (in mg/L) as measured by a specific strong chemical oxidation procedure is called the:
COD
An explosive outbreak off illness with a short incubation period of a few minutes to less than an hour might suggest:
Cadmium or zinc poisoning
Water hardness is caused by the presence of:
Calcium and magnesium
What makes hard water hard
Calcium and magnesium ions
The langelier index is used to determine the point if stablity of
Calcium carbonate
This is usually found with Salmonella, caused by contaminated chicken source. High rate of infection:
Campylobacter jejuni
A foodborne pathogen that may also cause stomach ulcers is:
Campylobacter jujuni
Which of the following is not one of the four characteristics of hazardous wastes as defined by the EPA?
Can be either radioactivity and combustibility
How or why is high phosphates soap bad?
Can lead to algal bloom-bust cycles from watersheds
Characteristics of a black fly
Can't eat solids
What can you use after a national disaster?
Canned goods
Hepatitis A Virus:
Cannot multiply in food or water
Calculate turnover rate for a pool, given gpm and capacity
Capacity of a pool in gallons/gpm flow rate/ 60 minutes per hour = TOR in hours
Which of the following is not a malodorous gas?
Carbon Monoxide
Building residents complaining of headache, lethargy, nausea, drowsiness
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
What is most likely happening if a family living in a local housing project starts to feel the following symptoms: headache, dizziness, weakness, pain in the fingernail bed, nausea, and red blotchy skin?
Carbon Monoxide (CO) poisoning.
What is the most abundant air pollutant
Carbon monoxide
What are the 6 primary air pollutants?
Carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particle pollution, sulfur dioxide
What type of filter has the slowest filtering rate
Cartridge
Which of the following type of filters has the slowest filtration rate?
Cartridge filters
Which of the following types of filters are not recommended for use in outdoor public pools?
Cartridge filters
A local health dept releases info to a population of people that a wastewater cross connection had, at some point, contaminated the water distribution system in their area. The proper epidemiological study to compare this population to another population in an unaffected part of town would be a:
Case-control study
What is legionnaires disease?
Caused by commercial air circulation system. Atypical pneumonia caused by legionella bacteria
Where are you least likely to find asbestos?
Ceramic floor tile? (other answers included insulated pipe coverings and wall plaster and asbestos can be found in floor tiling products so if there is an option of NONE OF THE ABOVE...maybe choose that one).
What would be least likely to contain asbestos?
Ceramic tiles
Why do you hire certified pest operators?
Certain pesticides may be applied only by or under the direct supervision of specially trained and certified applicators
NSF and USL are organizations that
Certify food service equipment.
Which is most likely to infect water supply? Runoff from chicken farm, contaminated runoff, cesspool next to water supply
Cesspool next to water supply
What measure should the sanitarian take if occupants of a building are complaining of skin irritations?
Check HVAC system
A water or food borne disease outbreak with a short incubation period is likely to be?
Chemical
Sewer Treatment: tertiary treatment is usually
Chemical (chemical coagulation followed by sedimentation and filtration removed 95% of organics. Wastewater may be chlorinated then dechlorinated prior disposal into the environment)
A strong chlorine odor in a pool is indicative of the presence of:
Chloramines
Diatomaceous earth filters should be supplemented by:
Chlorination systems
The DPD method is the more accurate procedure to determine the level of this constituent in pool water:
Chlorine
Order of priority: power outage at restaurant, chlorine gas leak at pool, no hand sink at food festival
Chlorine gas, power outage, no hand sink
What are common chemicals for disinfection of water?
Chlorine, ammonia, chlorine dioxide, ozone
Dr John Snow, a London physician, is known as the father of field epidemiology due to his investigation of the broad street well which uncovered the cause of an epidemic of:
Cholera
This is is a human illness caused by consumption of some subtropical and tropical marine finfish
Ciguatera fish poisoning (caused by consumption of subtropical and tropical marine finfish that have accumulated ciguatoxins through their diets)
According to Marriott, the PRIMARY requirement in designing a food service facility?
Cleanibility
What do you do when you have a diarrheal fecal incident
Close pool, remove fecal matter, hyperchlorinate to 20 ppm with ph of 7.5 and temperature of 77 or higher for 12.75 hours to achieve the crypto CT inactivation value of 15,300, backwash filter after chlorination,replace filter media, document in fecal incident log
When using the Sous-vide method in food processing what bacteria is most likely to be found?
Clostridium Botulism
Sous vide foods can lead to what foodborne illness?
Clostridium botulinum
The bacteria responsible for producing the most deadly toxin known to humans are:
Clostridium botulinum
Which organism can be a test for the efficiency of canned foods?
Clostridium botulinum
Incomplete cooking and cooling of stews, meats, gravies, and large cuts of meat that have been rolled or penetrated with skewers can lead to outbreaks of:
Clostridium perfringins food poisoning
In a Biosafety Level 2 Area what is NOT needed>
Clothing sterilized before washing
The jar test is a common test performed in water labs to determine the proper chemical dosage for:
Coagulation
What is the correct waste water cycle?
Coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration
What is the order for treating water
Coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration
Which one is the correct sequence?
Coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation-filtration
The most common pest to the food service industry is the :
Cockroaches
Most commonly used bacterial indicator
Coliform
When testing a pool's chlorine level, the individual testing should:
Collect samples 18 inches below the surface Not collect samples near the inlet Read results within one minute
By far, the greatest cost incurred in the management of solid waste is:
Collection
This devise measures chemical reactions that result in color changes
Colormetric indicator
Neutron:
Combine with normal nuclei to form new nuclides—activation with thermal neutrons is perhaps the most common mechanism by which substances can be made radioactive
This devise will alarm at 20% of the lower explosive limit
Combustible gas indicator
Campylobacter jejuni? (High rate of infection)
Common at pork plants (salmonella in poultry plants)
Institutions are considered
Communities
Institutions are most likely considered to be what?
Communities
What is an institution?
Community
What is the best way to prevent leaks in a septic tank?
Construct septic tanks with non-corrosive materials
There is a vacant lot that has been used for dumping of unwanted items. What is the correct action that REHS should perform?
Contact the owner and explain the public health dangers, including the harboring of rodents. Discuss measures to get the site cleaned up, as well as blocking the area/post no dumping signs
Schistosomiasis is contracted by?
Contact with contaminated water
which of the following best describes Rubella?
Contagious disease caused by a virus and can include a low-grade fever, sore throat, and a rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body.
Come across a gasoline spill on the highway, what are the appropriate steps to take
Contain the spill
The most common cause of animal infectious leading to contamination of meat and poultry is:
Contaminated food
Presence of pathogenic agents on a surface, article, or substance
Contamination (when used in connection with a communicable disease)
What are the problems of food technology?
Contamination, food spoilage, canning spoilage
What is the most effective way to maintain a swimming pool?
Continuous recirculation, chlorination and filtration over a 24 hour period
The recommended and most effective method of maintaining pool water quality is?
Continuous recirculation, chlorination, and filtration.
The filter in a swimming pool should run for how long?
Continuously
Which best defines Enhanced Biological Treatment?
Control of oxygen is a key element to operating biological controlled process. The amount of oxygen available will dictate which microbes will become dominant. (A and B)
The basic principles of disease control are
Control the source, mode of transmission, susceptibility
The process of burning hazardous waste at a very high temperature (750-3,000F)
Controlled incineration
What is a critical control point?
Cook chicken ro 165 degrees F, monitor by taking temperature
Which is part of HACCP?
Cooking poultry to 165 degrees F or higher.
For a review of a temporary food establishment what is not needed for submittal?
Copy of license. (What is needed is equipment list, menu and facility layout)
Negative phosphatase test means
Correct pasteurization
Define Corrosivity
Corrosive wastes are acids or bases and are capable of corroding metal containers ex: battery acid
Hazardous waste : CRIT
Corrosive, reactive, ignitable, toxic
What does CRIT stand for?
Corrosivity, reactivity, ignitability, and toxicity.
Q fever is caused by which food borne illness causing bacteria
Coxiella burnetii (the CDC has declared it a Category B potential bioterrorism agent)
What role can REHS perform when helping with an ice machine to prevent contamination
Create a cleaning schedule
laws intended to prevent harm to society are
Criminal laws
Fluorides cause what damage in cattle?
Crippling skeletal damage
Powdered infant formula is not sterile, and its nutrients provide good conditions for the growth of
Cronobacter (after reconstitution)
When a sewer line and a fresh water line come into contact with one another what is it called?
Cross Connection
Which mosquito is the highest cause of encephalitis in the US?
Culex
The rate at which atoms of a radioactive source disintegrate are measured in?
Curies
What is used to stabilize chlorine in pool water?
Cyanuric Acid
Which of the following etiologic agents has been identified in imported raspberries and lettuce from south American countries?
Cyclospora cayetanesis
The powder form insecticide is not toxic to humans and pets, but causes insects to dehydrate and die:
Cyfluthrin
What is not good for sanitizing toys in a childcare? a) Sodium Hypochlorite b) quaternary ammonia, c) iodine d) acid something??
D
Which is not ionizing? a) x-ray b) gamma ray c) alpha/beta d) proton
D
How can you protect a well from surface flow?
Cap and lock; grout between casing and bore/ use casing
If sick building syndrome is suspected what is the first thing to look at? a) Interview sick employees b) ventilation system c) d)??
A Is used to describe a diffuse spectrum of symptoms in which have no specific etiological factor that can be identified. May be attributed to such factors as insufficient ventilation or thermal control, inadequate maintenance of building systems, changes in thermal or contaminant loads, changes in building operation to meet new objectives such as energy conservation, and inadequate design. Investigations will be conducted by NIOSH with a team of industrial hygienists, epidemiologists and HVAC system experts.
What decibel scale is used for something (sorry I can't remember) Answer choices were A, B, C, D
A weighted scale
What kills the most people between the ages of 0-40?
Accidents
What mosquito transmits Dengue Fever?
Aedes aegypti
What is the most probable way to get legionella?
Aerosol and water inhalation; not person to person; common at hospitals/spas
Log phase:
After the lag phase, the numbers of living bacteria rapidly increases. Typically, the increase is exponential. That is, the population keeps doubling in number at the same rate. is the time when the bacteria are growing and dividing at their maximum speed.
What would not be found in high concentrations in a manure pit? 540? 707 a) ammonia trioxide b) sulfuric dioxide c) methane d) hydrogen sulfide
B sulfuric dioxide
How can you get listeria?
Bacteria; raw milk, contaminated pasteurized milk; lunch meat (deli, hotdogs etc.)
What animal should you remove to avoid psitticosis in a child care?
Birds; Parakeet
Schistosome dermatitis is caused by....
Blood Fluke (type of flatworm). Eggs are passed through urine or feces into fresh water and then infect new hosts by penetrating skin
What soil is good for septic tanks (color)
Brown/ yellow/ red
What is aspergillus? a) bacteria b) virus c) fungus d) protozoa
C
What is best to serve at a school lunch? a) home bottled veggies b)home grown and cooked veggies c) Home econ. canned veggies
C
Why would you asses the danger in the vacuums at a hospital? a) improper disposal of infectious wastes b) too loud c) possibility of aerosol
C. Possible mist infecting the air...??? 1370-77 Steve's answer was something about increasing the bioburden
Which is not a critical vent flow in a hospital? 1361-65 a) hallway to morgue, b) baby viewing area to hallway c) hallway to linen storage d) patient room to hallway
C?????????????? Lindsay answered A (not saying that's right) Steve answered C not saying that's right either. Lacey Said A
What is not a personal radiation detector?
Geiger counter
What is and is not considered infectious waste? Answer choices were something about used dialysis stuff, leftover serum that has been autoclaved, , bandages and maybe needles? Lacey said bandages, but was wondering if serum that has been autoclaved is more correct
Is: any solid waste which is generated in the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals, in research pertaining thereto, or in the production or testing of biologicals. The term does not include any hazardous waste identified or listed under Subtitle C (mixtures with medical wastes are not excluded) or any household waste as defined in regulations under Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Subtitle C (materials found in waste generated by consumers).'' It includes all waste materials resulting from the treatment of a patient on isolation (other than patients on reverse or protective isolation), renal dialysis, discarded serums and vaccines, pathogen-contaminated laboratory waste and animal carcasses used in research (including bedding and other waste), and other articles that are potentially infectious such as hypodermic and intravenous needles.
What is an in-rem proceeding?
Legal actions, judgments to settle properties
What is the minimum PPE required to enter a confined space? HAZWAPR Book
Level A, but could also be level B?????
Define a weight scale
Light, radiation, noise
What are the EPA criteria pollutants?
NO2, O3, SO2, CO, Pb, Asbestos, benzene, beryllium, Hg, vinyl chloride, radio nucleotides
What are NTU's used for?
Nephelometric turbidity unit Measuring particles in .....water The NTU is the standard measure, requiring use of a nephelometer, which measures the amount of light scattered, usually at 90 degrees from the light direction, by suspended particles in the water test sample. It can measure turbidities of less than 1 unit and differences of 0.02 unit. Secondary turbidity measurement standards calibrated against the Formazin standard may also be accepted by the EPA.
What is sodium thiosulfate used for?
Neutralizes Cl in water sample bottle
What should a firefighter use to measure O2 and explosive gas levels?
O2 meter and combustible gas indicator
Oligotrophic
Oligotrophic: unproductive; usually clear, high in dissolved oxygen, and deep and receives few nutrients, thereby supporting little plant and animal life.
Characteristics of an alpha particle
Positive charge; large, specific ionization, penetrate 3-5 cm in air., easily absorbed by matter
Which respirator is the best protection?
Positive pressure full face mask
What is the required sq ft for people sleeping in a primitive housing area (ie hunting, camping) a) 10 b)30 c)
Possibly A
What do you do it sewage is spilled in a trailer park but the operator will not talk to you or take action, or what can you do? a) get a warrant b) file a complaint, c) use a temporary injunction
Possibly C, but check it out
Zone of Recovery
Process is gradually reversed and the stream returns to normal, as indicated by the presence first of clams, snails, crayfish, and sow bugs, then of sunfish
What type of bacteria is in the belly of a roach?
Salmonella
What type of filter should be used to filter Giardia?
Salvato states a 1 micrometer pore size cartridge filter at a rate of about 1 gal/ min for 500 gallons. Also shown effective is a 5 micrometer pore size filter for a 10 gallon sample High efficiency filtration
In a properly running septic system in medium coarse soil, what is the biggest threat to groundwater contamination? a) bacteria b)total phosphates c) copper
See previous septic question 576-90, 556
What is the definition of prevailing wind?
are the trends in speed and direction of wind over a particular point on the earth's surface. A region's prevailing winds often reflect global patterns of movement in the earth's atmosphere.
