KAAP 221 - Chapter 22: The Respiratory System Quiz Questions

What branches from the trachea?

primary bronchi

The glottis is

the opening of the larynx

At the level of the alveoli, where does gas exchange occur?

across the respiratory membrane

What is the function of the structures labeled "12"?

all of the answers are correct

Which of the following statements is true regarding activity in the alveoli?

alveolar macrophages collect stray dust particles

________ equals the respiratory rate × (tidal volume - anatomic dead space).

alveolar ventilation rate

The sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the

alveoli

The most superior portion of the lung is termed the

apex

A period in which breathing has stopped, followed by a forceful expulsion of air, is termed

apnea

Prolonged deep inspirations can result from stimulating the ________ center.

apneustic

Each 100 mL of blood leaving the alveolar capillaries carries away roughly ________ of oxygen.

20 mL

The normal respiratory rate of a resting adult ranges from ________ breaths each minute, or roughly one for every four heartbeats.

12 to 18

The adult human trachea is about ________ in diameter and contains ________ tracheal cartilages.

2.5 cm, 15-20

Which structure leads to the middle ear?

4

Each terminal bronchiole supplies air directly to

a single pulmonary lobule

Alveolar ventilation (VA) refers to the

amount of air reaching the alveoli each minute

The respiratory center is housed in the ________ of the brain.

brain stem

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is

carbon dioxide

The "C" in COPD stands for

chronic

The measure of how easily the lungs expand and contract is termed

compliance

Which of the following is not a function of the nasal mucosa?

dehumidify the incoming air

Each of the following factors affects the rate of external respiration except the

diameter of an alveolus

The amount of air that a person can voluntarily expel after completing a normal, quiet respiratory cycle is termed

expiratory reserve volume

The openings to the nostrils are the

external nares

The ________ extends between the soft palate and the base of the tongue at the level of the hyoid bone.

oropharynx

Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system?

oropharynx

In emphysema, all of the following occur except

patients present with cyanosis

Which of the following muscles would not be recruited to increase inspired volume?

rectus abdominis

Which of the following systems is responsible for gas exchange?

respiratory

The condition resulting from inadequate production of surfactant and the resultant collapse of alveoli is

respiratory distress syndrome

Which of the following statements about bronchioles is true?

sympathetic action causes bronchodiliation

Air traveling from the tertiary bronchi must pass through the ________ to reach the pulmonary lobule.

terminal bronchioles

The larynx contains all of the following except

C-rings composed of hyaline cartilage

Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following except

Cooling the air

Asthma is

an acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways

Air remaining in the conducting portion of the respiratory system that does not reach the alveoli is known as

anatomic dead space

The pneumotaxic center

both is in the pons and inhibits the apneustic center

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is

bound to hemoglobin

The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ________ cartilage.

cricoid

The lungs are divided into lobes by structures called

fissures

After a quiet expiration, the amount of air in your lungs is called the

functional residual capacity

Identify the structure labeled "10."

glottis

Absorption of O2 from blood and release of CO2 from tissue cells is known as

internal respiration

Low pH alters hemoglobin structure so that oxygen binds less strongly to hemoglobin at low PO2. This increases the effectiveness of

internal respiration

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is

internal respiration

Boyle's law states that gas volume is

inversely proportional to pressure

All of the following are true regarding carbonic anhydrase except that

it can convert carbonic acid into CO2

The pneumotaxic center of the pons

modifies the rate and depth of breathing

At a PO2 of 70 mm Hg and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is ________ percent saturated with oxygen.

more than 90

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the

movement of air into and out of the lungs

Identify the structure labeled "7."

oropharynx

Which of the following would be greater?

the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.6

Henry's law states that

the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas.

The right lung has ________; the left lung has ________.

three lobes; two lobes

The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchi is the

trachea

The vocal ligaments are found in the

vocal folds

The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in pulmonary veins during internal respiration is approximately

95 mm Hg

All of the following provide chemoreceptor input to the respiratory centers of the medulla oblongata except the

Olfactory Epithelium

For maximum loading of hemoglobin with oxygen at the lungs, the

PCO2 should be low

________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting people of Northern European descent.

cystic fibrosis

The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the

epiglottis

The respiratory defense system is important for all of the following reasons except

providing gas exchange

The technical term for "breathing" is

pulmonary ventilation

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the

hard palate

The ________ is a depression in the lung that allows attachment of the primary bronchi, pulmonary vessels, and other structures.

hilum

What does not happen to a carbon dioxide molecule once it enters the bloodstream?

it binds to heme groups in hemoglobin

Which of the following statements about the trachea is false?

it is reinforced with D-shaped cartilages

Which of the following is false about the pharynx?

it is shared by the integumentary and respiratory system

Which of the following can be calculated if the tidal volume and respiratory rate are known?

respiratory minute volume

The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of

simple squamous epithelium

The nasopharynx is divided from the rest of the pharynx by the

soft palate

If a patient being tested inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible, the volume of air expelled would be the patient's

vital capacity

In quiet breathing,

inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive

Expiratory movements are produced by contraction of the ________ muscle(s).

internal intercostal

Which of the following is the best explanation for the C shape of the tracheal cartilages?

large masses if food can pass through the esophagus during swallowing

The vocal folds are located within the

larynx

The beating of the cilia of the respiratory passages in the direction of the pharynx forms the

mucus escalator

The nasal cavity is divided into left and right portions by the

nasal septum

The auditory tubes open into the

nasopharynx

Which of the following statements regarding tobacco smoking and lung damage is true?

neoplasia is not reversible, even if the person stops smoking, but can be treated by surgery

Breathing through the nose rather than the mouth is advantageous for all of the following reasons except

decreased breath volumes on inhalation

Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin into peripheral tissues?

decreased pH

External respiration involves the

diffucion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood

The apneustic centers promote quiet inhalation by stimulating the

dorsal respiratory group (DRG)

The obstructive lung disease in which elastic fibers are lost, leading to collapse of alveoli and bronchioles, is called

emphysema

All of the below are sensory stimuli that can stimulate respiratory reflexes except

nociceptors

Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds and produces

phonation

Higher brain centers that alter the activity of the respiratory centers include all of the following except the

pons

The inflation reflex

protects the lungs from damage during forced inspiration.

The ultimate function of pulmonary ventilation is to

provide adequate alveloar ventilateion

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,

the volume of the thorax increases

The visible and palpable prominence on the throat known as the Adam's apple is part of the

thyroid cartilage

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the

upper respiratory tract

The portion of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nose is the

vestibule