Kearley Biol 1010 final application questions

Explain how information travels the length of one neuron to another neuron

Axons (extensions that carry signals away from neurons) use action potential (a reversal in charge across a neuron's plasma membrane) to send information to a dendrite (extensions where the neuron receives information)

If progesterone levels are not high during the second half of the menstrual cycle, this means what structure is not producing enough of its hormones

ovaries

What hormone levels are high at childbirth

oxytocin

When an oocyte is released from an ovary, it will next

travel through the oviduct and into the uterus of fertilized

How does the lens change when you are looking at something close?

-The lens focus on incoming images to the retina. If the lens is spherical (thicker), it is to view an object that is close up. If the lens is flat, it is used to view things that are farther away.

Trace a soundwave through the ear. How does your brain detect that as sound

-external ear terminates with the tympanic membrane (eardrum) -the tympanic membrane transmit movements to 3 ear bones (ossicle- Malleus, Incus, Staples) -Ossicle transmits movement to the oval window -Cochlea contains fluid that move when the oval window moves -the organ of the Corti detects movement of fluid within the cochlea and transmit this info to the brain via the auditory nerve (sound)

What causes cataracts?

-genetic fault causing the lens to form abnormally -genetic condition such as down syndrom -injury to the eye -certain infections picked up by the mother during pregnancy - including rubella and chickenpox

What are some common reasons birth control fails?

-girls do not take birth control pills consistently -condoms break -people do not accurately presume when ovulation is and isn't occurring -pre-ejaculation fluid may contain sperm (pull out method) -diaphragm is placed wrong

You put your hand down on a hot stove. Explain what happens next

-you would have a reflex action (automatic movements made in response to stimuli.) -the stimulus is the contact with the hot pot. This contact causes a nerve impulse that will travel to the spinal cord via the sensory neurons - the impulse travels to the synaptic terminal of the motor neurons which send nerve impulses away from the central nervous system to effector organs or muscle fiber, This causes the muscle fiber to contract, resulting in you snatching your hand away from the hot pot.

In a 28 day cycle on which of the following days is progesterone secretion the lowest? 4,15, 19, 23

4, after the failure of the corpus luteum

How is breast feeding good for mom and the baby

Baby Benefits: -Breast milk provides the ideal nutrition for infants -Breast milk contains antibodies that help your baby fight off viruses and bacteria. -lowers your baby's risk of having asthma or allergies. -linked to higher IQs later in life Mom Benefits: -burns extra calories, so it can help you lose pregnancy weight faster. -releases the hormone oxytocin, which helps your uterus return to its pre-pregnancy size and may reduce uterine bleeding after birth. - lowers risk of breast and ovarian cancer and osteoporosis

What causes the endometrium to break down if fertilization does not occur?

If a fertilized egg does not implant, then the corpus luteum will self-destruct in the last days of the cycle. After the progesterone and estrogen levels crash and the endometrium breaks down (period)

You eat a cheeseburger. What parts of your nervous system will you use?

Somatic nerves are used to chew and swallow the burger while autonomic nerves are used to digest it

When will a surge of LH take place in a 27 day cycle?

a Surge of LH triggers ovulation. ovulation = end of the cycle - 14 days 27-14= day 13

What conversion must a woman's body make at the end of the third month of pregnancy?

chorionic gonadotropin begins to falter and the placenta begins to produce progesterone

What will the embryonic cells turn into?

embyro

Someone can't see in low light conditions. What might be structurally impaired on their eyes?

rods in the retina

If ovulation occurs on day 14, then when will the corpus luteum form?

same day as ovulation, so 14