Khan academy grammar vocabulary

Possessive pronouns

"a fancy way of saying you have it"

Pronoun Person

1st 2nd 3rd me you everybody else us you he she they I everybod it nothing We Stay in your lane!

be have do say

1st Present 3rd Present Plural Present 1st Past Plural Past I am She is we are I was We were I have She has we have I had We had I do She does we do I did We did I say She says we say I said We said

Perfect progressive aspect

We use the perfect progressive aspect to talk about an action that was once ongoing, but has since completed have + been + the ing of the verb

Preposition in Spaaace!

at - a point Direction - "we stood at the entrance to the cave." by - near "The house by the old mill totally haunted." in - an enclose area - "There is a bunny in the box." off - aways from surface - "She hopped off the rock." On- a surface - "There's a goblin on the front steps." Out - away from an enclousure to - Direction closed group - "I'm going to Mozambique!"

Comma in Correspondence

begining salutation Dear Prudence, Ending valediction with love,

Mutant plural

foot feet woman women man men tooth teeth goose geese mouse mice louse lice

helping verbs

help other verbs

Verbs

is a part of speech that has a bunch of different functions but one if its most important functions is that it can express or show action

vowels

is any sound that your mouth can make while your tongue isn't touching your lips or your teeth or the roof of your mouth

foreign plurals

larva larvae fungus fungi datum data index indices indexes thesis theses thesises criterion criteria

Comma uses

list! Tofu, spam, and seaweed dates! July 11, 1981 other! Basically, everything is great

Correlative Conjunctions

matching set, if you use one, you must use the other

mmm - cc -ss -ww

may might must can could should shall will would

muy it hit hard time

me myself us ourselves you your yourselves it itself her herself him himself them themself

Adverbs

modfy everything that isn't a noun modify verbs and adjective Recipe: To make ajective to adverbs at ly Greyson ran slowly

Intensifers

modify adj or adverbs answer the question (how much?) Too, sightly, somewhat, alright, really Iran ate too many funnel cakes.

Plural

more than one thing

Abstract

not physical

Definite and Indefinite articles

not specific specific(When you know) (When you don't know The/Thee who you are talking about) A/An The can be singular or plural May I have the oranges? A/An changes for a vowel sound a box an apple a union an underwater boat

Progressive aspect

on going To be + the ing of the verb

Singular

one thing

Concrete

physical

The vowel-shift irregular verb sit down winfred frank stop shouting rian

present past past participle sing Sang Sung drink drank drunk win Won Won find found found sit sat sat sneak snuck snuck run ran run

Perfect aspect

refers to something finished prior to the moment To have + the ed of the verb

Commas in Space and time!

separate all elements in the address Nero Wolfe, 454 W 35th, New York, NJ 10001 Time Dates On Tuesday, October 5th, 2010, I ate a cricket.

Comma

separating sentenc elements

The irregular verb gets taken for a ride stop that shouting paul because rian enjoys stephaine breakfast graden salad

sing sang sung tear tore torn show showed shown prove proved proven bite bit bitten ride rode ridden eat ate eaten speak spoke spoken be was/were been go went gone

sleep keep build spend leave leap lose

slept kept built spent left leapt lost

Common noun

something general

Proper noun

something specific

past tense

stuff that has already happened

future tense

stuff that is happening later

The truly irregular tcfc bsn com south west

teach taught catch caught flee fled say said bet bet set set hurt hurt can could may might shall should will would

tense

the ability of verbs to situate themselves in time

Object pronouns

the do-ees(the action being done to), not the do-ers

base plural

the singular noun is the same as the plural noun

present tense

things that are happening right now

Subordinating Conjunctions

unite independent and dependent clause clause - has a subject and a verb dependent clause - additional information Herbert performed his irresponsible experiments because he was curious.

Preposition of Nieither Time and Space

About - subject(doer) -Tell me about yourself! By - agency - The book was written by Sudhir For - use - It's for chipping wood! of - belonging - the great green dragon of Inverness with - together - There goes that snail with the painted shell.

Preposition of time

After - The bats come out after the sun goes down. At - precise - The vampire wakes at 10 pm. Before - can you take out the garbage before you leave the house? By-Precision of end - This place had better be clean by 3pm, buddy For-Duration- I've been a chef for forty years In - bound duration - in March in The middle Ages on- specific day - On the 4th of July, many american watch fireworks and eat encased meats. Since - precise begining - since 1974, our company has made nothing but toasters Until - percise ending you have until midnight to rescue the ambassador, break the curse, and save prince wilbur!

Subordinating Conjunctions example AAA bee iil - rst -tuv -www -

After It Unless Which Although If only Until While As like When As if Rather than Where Because Since Whereas Even if That Wherever Even though Though Whether

moy-h-hit

ajec noun my mine our ours your yours her hers his his its its their theirs

The verbs to be ai -ab -bb -ww

am is are be being been was were

Coordinate adjective

are ajectives that are from the same class. They require comma in between them.

pronoun

are words that stand in for another word

Adjective

change stuff. describe stuff. The blue bear.

Irregular plural nouns that end in -en

child children ox oxen

agreement

when you match up the subject of a sentence with a verb

Past Perfect

when your're talking about something already completed form(have + verb

www-tw

who whom whose that which 1st 4 people last 3 things

Preposition

Show where, whe, how things are

Distinction 1: That versus Which

That is bad with commas. The carrot which was orange was tasty. The carrot, that was orange was tasty.(wrong) The carrot that was orange was tasty.

Terminal Punctuation

. period ! exclamantion ? question

Indefinite pronouns everybody needs somebody to love

1) They can be used as subjects or objects(!!!) 2) Both neither, and either retain the DUAL 3) Usually treated as singular. Everybody knows that I live onions Everyone is looking at me.

Prepositional Pharses

Anything that follows a preposition. Word chunk that begins with a preposition use pps as a noun (To steal teh Queen's diamonds) would be a errible crime. as adjective (I would enjoy exploring the Cathedral of glass.) as adverbs (The undiscovered country, from whose bourn no traveler returns)

Commas and introductory elements

Dep clause, Ind. clause need commas when you come in, please take off your shoes Ind. Clause and Dep clause no comma need Ind. clause and Ind. clause - requires a comma and a conjunction.

Forming comparative and superlative modifiers

Description Comparative Superlative cute 1syll, ends in e cuter cutest big 1syll, 1vowel con X2 bigger con X2 biggest short/ 1syll, 2vowels shotrter shortest sweet 2const sweeter sweetest shiny 2syll, ends in y y->i shinier shiniest magnificient 2 + syll + doesn't end in y more mangnificient most magnificent

Adjective order DOSA-SCOMP

Determiner the/an/a Opinion cool/ugly/smart Size big age old shape square color blue origin Texan material leather purpose riding(verb using ending in -ing) the thing mower

Correlative Conjunctions examples

Either/or Either the wallpaper goes, or I do. Neither/nor Neither Jia nor Becca liked Howard. Both/and As goes Kanas, so goes the nation. Whether/or Whether you like shrimp or chocolate, there's certain to be something for you at the Veracruz food fair.

FANBOYS

For - since because - I do not eat buttons, for they are not food And - Combines things - The Kangaroo roobbed the bank and torched the saloon Nor -Combines unture things - She won't leave her tree, nor will she speak with humans. But - expresses expections - We use every building material but chewing gum. Or - chooses between options - Would you rather have a pet bear or a pet giraffe? Yet - to the contary - I want to leave, yet I cannot. So - show consequences- Dougal was allergic to sheep so he skippedthe wool festival.

emphatic pronouns

I'll do it myself!

Ajective test for comma

If you can reverse the adjectives and stick "and'" in between them, insert a comma betwwen the two adjective

Compound Preposition

Preposition that has more that one syllable Between - considers individuals - The firefly zipped between the raindrops. Among - considers collectively - Among the ideas you've had, I like this one best. Around - lit. met. - The fox ran around the tree. The mayor talked around the isssue Aganist - opposition - Rudyard leaned heavily against a tree. Georgie campagin aganist clog - dancing. Within lit. - met. There is a fog within the pond. Who can say what is within Ralph's heart without - not with - I guess we are going to the candy planet without Stu, then. Inside (in/within) lit. met. What's inside the box? What's inside her mind right now? Beyond - far away - Beyond those mountains is Terell's Kingdom.

Pronoun number

Singular Plural one of a thing more than one of a thing me us you they they you

Subject and object

Subject - does a thing. Object - has stuff done to it. Reina wrote on email subject is Reina. The object is email.

More uses for commas

Tag question +,- flow assertion, conformation You like chesse, don't you? This won't hurt, wiil it? Directly addressing a person Paige, how are you? Guillermo said, "I have no idea where I put that moonstone."

Modal verbs

There's a class of helper verbs known as modals that we use to express a bunch of conditions. we can use them to give advice, make guesses at how necessary or likely something is, make requests of people, and so on. They're super useful.

Relative pronouns

They link independent and dependent clauses together

COORD FANBOYS

Unite only independent clauses

Coordinating Conjunctions

Unite word, phrases, and clauses

Sentence adverbs

When you start a sentence with an averb Initially, I was afriad

Relative Adverbs

Where(place) When(time) Why(reasons) When did you learn to breathe fire? I learned to breathe fire when I was ten years old.

Distinction 2: That versus Which

Which is bad with people. That refer to anything The dog which I saw.(This senetence does not sound right) The dog that I saw.

Who versus Whom

Who can be the subject and the object(do-er). Whom is the object(do-eee). The spy who loved me.(Spy is doing the loving) The spy whom I loved (I is doing the loving). The spy whom love me(Wrong because the second part has to do the action).

Grammar

a set of conventions and rules that govern language

Aspect

a tool that really allows us to expand all the possible ways of expressing something in time

nouns

can be a person, place, thing, or idea