KIN 224- EXAM 2: CHAPTER 18, 19, 20 (BLOOD, HEART, VESSELS)

The life span of an erythrocyte is about _________ days.

120

The temperature of blood is about _________ than measured body temperature.

1° C higher

During a cardiac cycle, how many of the four chambers contract at any one time?

2

How many globins (protein building blocks) are found in a single hemoglobin molecule?

4

Typically, an adult's body contains _______ of blood.

5 liters

Plasma makes up about ______ percent of a centrifuged sample of whole blood.

55

Which of the following vessel types typically has the thickest tunica media?

Arteries

Which type of leukocyte releases histamine?

Basophil

Which are the least numerous of the leukocytes?

Basophils

Which is the most common type of capillary?

Continuous

Which statement is accurate?

Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure.

Which carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava?

Hepatic veins

Which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood?

Only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D) antibodies be present Is inherited independent of the ABO group

Which correctly describes the heart's apex?

Projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body.

In an ECG, what does the T wave represent?

Repolarization of the ventricles

Which pair is located more anteriorly in a heart in normal position?

Right atrium and right ventricle

Which circuit of the cardiovascular system includes the left ventricle and aorta?

Systemic circuit

Which circuit of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidneys, stomach, and pelvic regions?

Systemic circuit

An autorhythmic heart cell is one in which

action potentials fire spontaneoulsy.

The smallest and most abundant plasma proteins are the

albumins

Angiogenesis

allows for an increase in the perfusion of a local tissue.

An individual's hematocrit would vary with

altitude. age. All of the choices are correct. sex.

In an ECG, the P wave is generated when the

atria depolarize.

The superior vena cava is formed by the merging of the _______ veins.

brachiocephalic

Cardiac output is the amount of blood that is pumped

by a single ventricle in one minute.

If a patient becomes dehydrated, the percentage of plasma in a centrifuged sample of his or her blood would likely

decrease

The main function of leukocytes is to

defend against pathogens.

The pulmonary trunk carries

deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle toward the lungs.

Peripheral resistance is

directly related to vessel length and inversely related to vessel radius.

Sodium, calcium, and bicarbonate are all described as plasma

electrolytes

The carbon dioxide molecules that bind to the hemoglobin molecule are attached to the __________ units.

globin

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called

hematopoiesis

Occlusion of blood vessels tends to lead to

inadequate blood supply and damage to body tissues.

Increased cardiac output ______ the blood pressure.

increases

The left renal vein, right renal vein, right suprarenal vein, and right gonadal vein merge directly into the

inferior vena cava.

The foramen ovale of the fetal heart is an opening in the

interatrial septum.

The force per unit area that blood places on the inside wall of a blood vessel

is called the blood pressure.

Pulmonary arteries are wider than systemic arteries. Therefore, pulmonary circuit blood pressure is

low and blood flows very slowly through pulmonary capillaries, maximizing gas exchange.

The serous fluid within the pericardial cavity works to

lubricate membranes of the pericardium.

Considering the bulk flow that occurs at capillary beds, the lymphatic system is needed to

reabsorb excess fluid from the interstitial fluid.

Circulation to the spleen demonstrates a(n)

simple pathway, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ.

The velocity of blood flow through capillaries is

slow, which allows sufficient time for exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues.

When over 10% of the body's blood has been lost, a survival response occurs involving activation of the ________ nervous system.

sympathetic

The function of the coronary sinus is to

take blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium.

The internal wall surface of each ventricle displays large, smooth, irregular muscular ridges called

trabeculae carneae.

In arteries, the thickest layer of the wall is the

tunica media.

When physical exertion has ended and the body is at rest, veins demonstrate

vasodilation so that they function as blood reservoirs.