KIN Chapter 12

Identify an accurate statement about the preparatory phase.

It is the most critical phase in achieving the desired result of an activity.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the action of the quadriceps muscle group during squatting?

When the descent is at the same speed as gravity no muscular control is exerted.

In _____ exercise, the subject is in a standing position, the dumbbell is held in the hand with the palm to the front. The dumbbell is lifted until the elbow is completely flexed and then is returned to the starting position.

arm curl

The movement phase of the movements involved in sport skills is also known as the _____.

contact phase

During triceps extension exercise, both the shoulder joint and the shoulder girdle muscles _____.

contract isometrically to stabilize the area

Depending on the activity, aggregate muscle groups can function to control the exact opposite actions by _____.

contracting eccentrically

During arm curl exercise, many of the muscles of both the shoulder and the shoulder girdle are _____.

isometrically acting as stabilizers

An exercise technique called _____ is a type of muscular activity in which there is contraction of muscle groups with little or no muscle shortening.

isometrics

Identify an accurate statement about push-up exercise.

it is a total body exercise

In the context of single joint exercises of extremities representing an open kinetic chain, the core of the body and the proximal segment are stabilized while the distal segment is free to move in space through a single plane. These types of exercises are known as

joint isolation

During the _____ exercise, the subject reaches up and grasps a horizontal bar from a sitting position, pulls down the bar to a position below the chin, and then returns the bar slowly to the starting position.

latissimus pull

During dead lift exercise, what is the action performed by the trunk joint?

maintenance of extension

The ___________________ principle states that, within appropriate parameters, a muscle or muscle group increases in strength in direct proportion to the overload placed on it.

overload

What is the first movement for analysis in the rowing exercise?

Arm pull to chest/leg push to extend knees and hip phase

duration

the number of minutes per exercise bout

True or false: The specific needs of an individual must be addressed when designing an exercise program.

true

In the context of latissimus pull exercises, identify the true statements about how the width of the grip on the horizontal bar affects the shoulder actions.

A wider grip requires more abduction. A narrow grip allows for more glenohumeral extension.

return phase to starting position (rowing exercise; shoulder girdle)

Abduction, upward rotation, and elevation

What would happen if the prime focus of one's strengthening exercises is just on bench press, overhead press, and biceps curl?

It can lead to an overdevelopment of anterior upper extremity muscles.

Identify the muscles involved in the abdominal contraction exercise.

Rectus abdominis Internal oblique abdominal External oblique abdominal Transversus abdominis

The _____ principle states that the body will gradually, over time, adapt very specifically to the various stresses and overloads to which it is subjected.

SAID (Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands)

the lower extremity

Seated hip flexion, knee extension, and ankle dorsiflexion exercises

Which of the following statements is true in the context of the overload principle?

The amount of overload must be adjusted to match the specific needs of the individual.

the upper extremity

The shoulder shrug, deltoid raise (shoulder abduction), and biceps curl

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the "bent knee sit-up" exercise?

The strength of the erector spinae muscles are benefited significantly through this exercise.

The abdominal curl-up exercise is divided into four phases for analysis. Identify the first phase.

The trunk flexion phase to the curl-up position

Identify an accurate statement about isometric exercises.

They are an effective way to build and maintain muscular strength in a limited range of motion.

Identify a true statement about alternating prone extensions.

They involve a lifting phase to raise the right upper extremity off the surface and raise the left lower extremity off the floor.

intensity

a certain percentage of the absolute maximum

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the "Kinetic Chain Concept"?

a system can be both open and closed simultaneously

the shoulder girdle (prone row: lowering to relaxed phase)

abduction

the shoulder girdle (alternating prone extensions; lifting phase to raise upper and lower extremities)

adduction

the arm pull/leg push phase (rowing exercise; shoulder girdle)

adduction, downward rotation, and depression

Muscles are usually grouped according to their concentric function and work in paired opposition to an antagonistic group. This is known as _________________ __________________ grouping.

aggregate muscle

In shoulder pull exercise, _____ are the muscle groups contracting to produce a movement.

agonist

The push-up and bench press are similar in that they both strengthen the ____.

all of the above

In _____, a participant lies in a prone position, facedown, with the shoulders fully flexed in a relaxed position lying in front of the body. The head, upper trunk, right upper extremity, and left lower extremity are raised from the floor.

alternate-prone extensions

Strengthening exercises, such as bench press, overhead press, and biceps curl, concentrate primarily on the muscles of the _____.

anterior upper extremity

The chest press exercise is also known as the _____.

bench press

In _____ exercise, the subject lies on the exercise bench in the supine position, grasps the barbell, and presses the weight upward through the full range of arm and shoulder movement.

chest press

All of the following are open chain exercises except for the _____.

chin-up

In the _____ exercise, the subject grasps a horizontal bar with the palms away from the face, and from a hanging position on the bar, the subject pulls up until the chin is over the bar and then returns to the starting position.

chin-up

In the _____ exercise, the participant begins in hip/knee flexed and ankle dorsiflexed position, keeping the arms, legs, and back straight, and grasps the barbell on the floor. Then a movement to the standing position is made by extending the hips.

dead lift

Which of the following joint motions is controlled during the lowering phase of "hip sled" exercise?

dorsiflexion

lowering phase to squatted position (ankle; squatting)

dorsiflexion

return phase to starting position (rowing exercise; foot and ankle joints)

dorsiflexion

During _____ exercise, the subject is kneeling on a bench so that the contralateral arm supports the body, and the involved arm holding the dumbbell is free from contact with the floor. The subject adducts the shoulder girdle and horizontally abducts the shoulder joint.

dumbell-bent-over-row

The dead lift strengthens the knee extensors through _____.

eccentric contractions during the lowering phase

The abdominal curl-up strengthens the abdominal muscles through _____.

eccentric contractions during the return to starting phase

In a dead lift exercise, what is the action performed by the hip and knee joints during the lifting phase to hip/knee extended position?

extension

In abdominal curl-ups, what is the action performed by the cervical spine, trunk, and hip during the return phase to starting position?

extension

Which of the following actions is performed during the arm pull/leg push phase of rowing exercise?

extension

Which of the following joint motions is caused during the pushing phase of "hip sled" exercise?

extension

the shoulder (prone row: lowering to relaxed phase)

extension

the trunk and hip (alternating prone extensions; lifting phase to raise upper and lower extremities)

extension

True or false: In the abdominal contraction exercise, the shorter the contraction in seconds, the more valuable the exercise will be.

false

True or false: The chin-up exercise is an open kinetic chain exercise.

false

In squat exercise, what is the action performed by the hip and knee in the lowering phase to squatted position?

flexion

the shoulder (alternating prone extensions; lifting phase to raise upper and lower extremities)

flexion

the trunk and the hip (prone row; lowering to relaxed phase)

flexion

Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of trunk extension when performing "alternating prone extension" exercise?

gluteus maximus

The squat and dead lift are similar in that they both strengthen the _____.

hip extensors

Which of the following muscles is not eccentrically active during the lowering phase of a dead lift exercise?

iliopsoas

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the "preparatory phase" of sports skills?

is generally not the most critical phase in leading toward the desired result of activity

What is the first phase for analysis in a squat exercise?

lowering phase to the squatted position

Barbell press is also referred to as _____.

military press

The movement phase of the movements involved in sport skills is characterized by _____.

near-maximal concentric activity in the involved muscle

If the distal end of the extremity is not fixed to a relatively stable surface, the extremity represents a(n) ________________ _______________ chain

open kinetic

arm pull/leg push phase (rowing exercise; foot and ankle joints)

plantar flexion

lifting phase to starting position (ankle; squatting)

plantar flexion

Which of the following is not considered very important in skillful performance of physical activity and body maintenance from a kinesiological perspective?

power

The _____ phase is used to lengthen the appropriate muscles so that they will be in position to generate more force and momentum as they concentrically contract in the next phase.

preparatory

Dumbbell bent-over row is also referred to as _____.

prone row

During _____ exercise, the subject lies on the floor in a prone position with legs together and palms touching the floor. Keeping the back and legs straight, the subject pushes up to the up position and then returns to the starting position.

push-up

Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of hip extension when performing "alternating prone extension" exercise?

rectus femoris

Which of the following muscles does not perform hip extension during the lifting phase of a "squat" exercise?

rectus femoris

Which of the following statements is not valid regarding an "Open Kinetic Chain"?

requires the movement of other joints in the extremity

In _____ exercise, in a standing or sitting position, the subject interlocks the fingers in front of the chest and then attempts to pull them apart and maintains this contraction for 5 to 20 seconds.

shoulder pull

The components of physical fitness are _____.

specific to each body area and muscle group

All of the following are open chain exercises except for _____.

squat

During _____, the participant places a barbell on the shoulders behind the neck and grasps it with the palms forward. The participant squats down, flexing the hips while keeping the spine in normal alignment, until the thighs are parallel to the floor.

squatting

Due to the minimal amount of movement in the _____ phase of the movements involved in sport skills, the majority of the joint position maintenance throughout the body will be accomplished through isometric contractions.

stance

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the lifting phase of a chest press?

the elbow muscles perform extension

frequency

the number of times per week

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the lowering phase of a barbell press?

the shoulder girdle muscles perform eccentric downward rotation

Which of the following is accomplished by exhaling against a closed epiglottis?

the valsalva manuever

Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of shoulder flexion when performing "alternating prone extension" exercise?

triceps brachii

True or false: In barbell press exercise, the barbell is held in a position high in front of the chest, with palms facing forward, feet comfortably straight, and back and legs straight. From this position, the barbell is pushed upward until fully overhead, and then it is returned to the starting position.

true

During the lifting phase of a "dead lift" exercise the agonist muscles of the hip include all of the following except:

vastus medialis

Identify the true statements about the Valsalva maneuver.

It causes a dramatic increase in blood pressure followed by an equally dramatic drop in blood pressure. It can cause lightheadedness and fainting.

Identify an accurate statement about the SAID (Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands) principle.

It is applicable in every form of muscle training.

What is the first phase for analysis in dead lift exercise?

Lifting phase to the hip extended/knee extended position

Identify a true statement about open kinetic chain activities.

Motion at one joint does not require motion at other joints in the chain.

During the _____ exercise, the participant performs trunk flexion up to a curl-up position, rotates the trunk to the right and points the left elbow toward the anterior right pelvis, and then returns to the starting position.

abdominal curl-up

Which of the following muscles is not strengthened to any substantial degree by abdominal curl-ups without rotation to the right and left?

erector spinae

Overload placed on a muscle or muscle group may be modified by changing any one or a combination of three exercise variables. Identify the variables

frequency, intensity, duration

In abdominal curl-ups, what is the action performed by the trunk and hip during the rotating to right/left phase?

right lumbar rotation

In the _____ exercise, the participant sits on a movable seat with the knees and hips flexed close to the chest. The arms are reaching forward to grasp a horizontal bar. The legs are extended forcibly as the arms are pulled toward the chest. Then the legs and arms are returned to the starting position.

rowing

During the lowering phase of a "dead lift" exercise the agonist muscles of the knee include all of the following excep

semimembranosus

The _____ phase of the movements involved in sport skills allows an athlete to assume a comfortable and appropriately balanced body position from which to initiate the sport skill.

stance

In _____ exercise, the subject may use the opposite hand to assist in maintaining the arm in a shoulder-flexed position. Then, grasping the dumbbell and beginning in full elbow flexion, the subject extends the elbow until the arm and forearm are straight.

triceps extension