Kines 330-Unit 1
A major difference in the purpose of a meta-analysis and a review of literature for a research paper is that the meta-analysis uses the literature - for empirical and theoretical conclusions - to document a need for a particular study - to determine what methods to use to conduct the meta-analysis - to formulate the research hypothesis for the meta-analysis
A
The generalizability of the results pertains to what kind of validity?external internal construct logical
A
The inclusion criteria in a meta-analysis are very much like delimitations limitations basic assumptions research hypotheses
A
When we say that research is empirical, we mean that the researcher - collects data on which to base decisions - solves the problems through rationalization - controls all extraneous variables - finds positive support for the research hypothesis
A
Which of the following represent(s) a primary source? A peer reviewed journal article A textbook A literature review both a and b a, b, and c
A
After the authenticity has been established, examine what interests or biases the author of the account might have with regard to the event in question.
Internal Criticism
•Reliability between groups •The closer to 1, the better •Example: New body comp device with DXA•Force plate metrics
Intraclass correlational coefficient
A key takeaway from this study is that lean mass is an important component of force and power production. True False
True
Epidemiological research pertains to the frequencies and distributions of health and disease conditions among populations. True False
True
In many cases a research proposal is required for a thesis or dissertation prior to completing the research and final document. True False
True
The authors clearly state the purpose of this investigation. True False
True
The hypothesis is the anticipated outcome of a study or experiment. - True - False
True
The introduction should adequately address why the research question is important and worth investigating. True False
True
The most frequent and severe criticism of meta-analysis is that - the number of studies involved is generally too small - the sources used in the literature search are not identified - meta-analysis does not allow the use of dissertations and theses - the studies represent wide differences in methodologies, designs, and measurements
D
The only type of research that can manipulate treatments and establish a cause and effect is - descriptive research - analytical research - correlational research - Experimental research
D
Data on which to base decisions
Empirical
A description of data based on objective observation.
Empirical Data
Establishing the authenticity of the primary source
External Criticism
A mixed methods approach uses a quantitative or qualitative approach to research but never both. True False
False
The ability to identify the custom regions of interest were highly unreliable. True False
False
The authors found that large asymmetries are necessary for maximum countermovement jump performance. True False
False
This was a prospective study where the authors followed the athletes over time. True False
False
More direct value for the practitioner
Applied Research
It is common when looking at a distribution to encounter extreme or unusual scores that could have a misleading effect on the results. These extreme scores are termed residuals outliers curve busters deviants
B
The extent to which the results of a study can be attributed to the treatments used in the study is the definition of what kind of validity? - criterion - internal - content - external
B
More Control
Basic Research -
Compared to applied research, basic research - is of more immediate value to the practitioner - is done in the "real world," such as the classroom - usually offers more control, such as that done in a laboratory - questions cannot be easily answered
C
In a meta-analysis, the results of various studies on a topic are quantified using a standard measure (ES) that is called error squared estimate of significance effect size efficiency standard
C
Which of the following is not a section typically seen in peer-reviewed research? Introduction Methods Intuition Results Discussion
C
Which of the following should be included in the discussion section of a research report? tables but not graphs graphs but not tables implications of the results raw data
C
Effect size for meaningfulness •Provide some statistical meaning for a possible strength of relationship found
Meta-analysis
Information into insight. Using data to establish relationships
Reductive
A controlled approach to solving a problem
Research
A process of careful and systematic inquiry.
Science
Data collected on identified variables that allow for the evaluation of the problem and hypothesis
Systematic
•Differs from a literature / narrative review in that there is less subjectivity •Has inclusion and exclusion criteria•Summary of results around primary outcome(s) •Attempt to provide an answer to a research question
Systematic Review
The fact that a meta-analysis quantifies findings from many studies is a frequently mentioned advantage. Another strong advantage of the meta-analysis over the normal review paper is - the use of the computer in the literature search - the description of the coding of study characteristics and the criteria for excluding studies - the inclusion of theses and dissertations as well as journals - the use of the "scorecard" count of the number of studies that share common findings (such as those that found statistically significant differences)
B
•Retrospective •2 groups matched by characteristics •Group with outcome•Group without •Determine if hypothesized exposure led to outcome•Example: Exercise and an outcome
Case Control
•Prospective•Multiple patients, athletes, etc. •Deliberate execution•Example: Detailed log of what was executed and what happened •This happens clinically/practically all the time but is not always documented or published
Case Series
•Retrospective / Prospective analysis of a group •Risk factor or Exposure leading to an outcome •Example: Diet and a specific outcome
Cohort
Common descriptive research techniques can include: Questionnaires Interviews Observational research All of the above
D
In the results section of a research report, the author should include: - the information contained in the tables - information concerning statistical significance and meaningfulness - conclusions - a and b only - a, b, and c
D
Which of the following should not be included in the results section of a research report? figures tables statistics raw data
D