Kinesio Quiz Questions

If a person performs a biceps dumbbell curl, and the weight of the dumbbell is 20 lbs., the length of the forearm is 30 cm., and the length of the muscle insertion to the perpendicular line of pull (i.e., force arm) is 4 cm., what force does the biceps brachii have to produce to move the dumbbell at this point?

150 lbs = F F x FA = R x RA

Given that the weight of the dumbbell in the above example is 10 lbs. (R = 10 lbs.), the length of the resistance arm is 20 in. (RA = 20 in.), and the length of the force arm is 1 in. (FA = 1 in.), what is the muscular force (F) in lbs. that needs to be applied to move the dumbbell?

200 lbs = F FA x F = RA x R

Briefly describe/explain the Principle of Overload:

A muscle/muscle group increases in strength in direct proportion to the overload placed on it. Overload can be modified by changing one or a combination of the exercise variables, being frequency, intensity, duration, and periodization.

What joint does impingement of the supraspinatus occur under?

AC joint

What is the name of the fossa on the hip bone that articulates with the femoral head?

Acetabulum

What is the name of the shoulder socket that articulates with the humeral head?

Glenoid fossa

Briefly describe/explain the Principle of Specificity:

It is strongly related to the SAID principle. The components of physical fitness, such as muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility are not general body characteristics but rather are specific to each body area and muscle group. This infers that the specific needs of the individuals must be addressed when making an exercise program.

What is the plane of motion for the bench press? Axis of rotation?

Sagittal Horizontal (not really)

How can you isolate the soleus?

Seated calf raises.

How can you isolate the gastrocnemius?

Standing calf raises due to lengthening of the muscle.

T/F: A person with shorter limbs will have a mechanical advantage over a person with longer limbs because of a shorter resistance arm.

T

T/F: Elbow flexion is an example of a third class lever system.

T

T/F: In a first class lever system, the force arm can be the same as, shorter than, or longer than the resistance arm.

T

T/F: In a first class lever system, the mechanical advantage can be equal to, less than, or greater than 1.

T

T/F: In a second class lever system, the force arm is always longer than the resistance arm.

T

T/F: In a second class lever system, the mechanical advantage is always greater than 1.

T

T/F: In a third class lever system, the force arm is always shorter than the resistance arm.

T

T/F: In a third class lever system, the mechanical advantage is always less than 1.

T

T/F: In the wheel and axle, the mechanical advantage is calculated as the radius of the wheel divided by the radius of the axle.

T

T/F: Plantar flexion (toe raises) is an example of a second class lever system.

T

T/F: The Law of Reaction states that for every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.

T

What muscle type is the erector spinae?

Type I (slow twitch); due to function in posture, aka endurance.

Name 4 knee extensors:

Vastus lateralis vastus medialis vastus intermedius rectus femoris

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles: a) supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis b) latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid c) coracobrachialis, pectoralis minor, levator scapulae, trapezius d) subscapularis, rhomboids, teres major, levator scapulae

a) SITS

If a person performs a one-arm dumbbell row, what is the plane of motion: a) sagittal b) transverse c) lateral d) I don't know (not a good answer)

a) sagittal

Another name for tennis elbow is: a. lateral epicondylitis b. medial epicondylitis c. interosseous inflammation d. medial periosteumitis

a. lateral epicondylitis *medial epicondylitis = "golfer's elbow"

In knee extension, the agonist muscle group would be the: a. quadriceps b. hamstrings c. adductors d. abductors

a. quadriceps

The following is a dorsiflexor muscle: a. tibialis anterior b. tibialis posterior c. soleus d. gastrocnemius

a. tibialis anterior

Another term for radial flexion of the wrist would be: a. wrist abduction b. wrist adduction c. wrist flexion d. wrist extension

a. wrist abduction

Name 5 hip adductors:

adductor brevis adductor longus adductor magnus gracilis pectineus

Which muscle of the shoulder girdle is primarily responsible for scapular adduction (retraction): a) trapezius b) rhomboids c) levator scapulae d) teres major

b) rhomboids

Which of the following statements is NOT true: a. Most wrist flexor muscles attach medially on the humerus. b. Most wrist flexor muscles attach laterally on the humerus. c. Most wrist extensor muscles attach laterally on the humerus. d. None of the above are true.

b. Most wrist flexor muscles attach laterally on the humerus.

Which of the following is NOT true: a. The biceps brachii both supinates and flexes at the elbow joint. b. The brachialis both supinates and flexes at the elbow joint. c. The triceps brachii extends both the elbow joint and the shoulder joint. d. All three heads of the triceps brachii attach on the olecranon process.

b. The brachialis both supinates and flexes at the elbow joint. *only action is flexion.

Knee extensors include all of the following muscles EXCEPT: a. rectus femoris b. biceps femoris c. vastus lateralis d. vastus medialis

b. biceps femoris

In knee extension, the antagonist muscle group would be the: a. quadriceps b. hamstrings c. adductors d. abductors

b. hamstrings

The distal ends of the tibia and fibula that are enlarged and protrude horizontally and inferiorly are the: a. menisci b. malleoli c. tarsals d. epicondyles

b. malleoli

Which of the following muscles does NOT cross the knee joint: a. gastrocnemius b. soleus c. popliteus d. sartorius

b. soleus

The ____ muscle is the primary mover (agonist) in the standing barbell curl.

biceps brachii

In an elbow flexion exercise such as a standing dumbbell curl, the primary mover (agonist) is the ___ muscle. The plane of motion is the ____ plane, and the axis of rotation is ___. The lever system is ___ class.

biceps brachii sagittal horizontal third

The articulation of the shoulder girdle with the axial skeleton is at the: a) acromioclavicular (AC) joint b) scapular articulation with the posterior ribs c) sternoclavicular (SC) joint d) none of the above

c) SC joint

The major actions of the trapezius are: a) retraction and upward rotation of the shoulder girdle b) protraction and downward rotation of the shoulder girdle c) elevation and upward rotation of the shoulder girdle d) protraction and upward rotation of the shoulder girdle

c) elevation and upward rotation of the shoulder girdle

Which muscles of the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint are primarily involved in horizontal adduction: a) latissimus dorsi, posterior deltoid b) serratus anterior, medial deltoid c) pectoralis major, anterior deltoid d) trapezius, posterior deltoid

c) pectoralis major, anterior deltoid

Which rotator cuff muscle(s) is (are) internal rotators of the humerus: a) infraspinatus b) teres minor c) subscapularis d) a & b e) a & c

c) subscapularis *the teres major, pec major, and lat dorsi also internally rotate.

The wrist and hand joints have a total of ____ bones, including the radius and ulna: a. 21 b. 25 c. 29 d. 31

c. 29

Which of the following is NOT true: a. Each foot has 26 bones. b. The tibia and fibula are joined at both the proximal and distal tibiofibular joints. c. The greater the Q angle, the lesser the risk for certain knee injuries. d. The fibula does not articulate with the femur or the patella.

c. The greater the Q angle, the lesser the risk for certain knee injuries.

Which muscle is both a knee flexor and a plantar flexor: a. soleus b. popliteus c. gastrocnemius d. tibialis anterior

c. gastrocnemius

The rotator cuff muscle(s) responsible for lateral rotation is (are): a. supraspinatus b. subscapularis c. infraspinatus d. a & c e. b & c

c. infraspinatus

The distal attachments (i.e., insertions) of the radioulnar joint (i.e., muscles that pronate and supinate the forearm) are on the: a. ulna b. olecranon process c. radius d. a & b e. b & c

c. radius

Which rotator cuff muscle(s) is (are) external rotators of the humerus: a) infraspinatus b) teres minor c) subscapularis d) a & b e) a & c

d) infraspinatus and teres minor

The rotator cuff muscle that is most frequently injured is the: a) coracobrachialis b) levator scapulae c) subscapularis d) supraspinatus

d) supraspinatus

The rotator cuff muscle that is responsible for abduction and for the stabilization of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa is the: a) teres major b) coracobrachialis c) infraspinatus d) supraspinatus

d) supraspinatus

Muscles that provide plantar flexion include: a. gastrocnemius b. soleus c. popliteus d. a & b e. a & c

d. gastrocnemius and soleus

Which muscle is both a knee extensor and a hip flexor: a. biceps femoris b. vastus lateralis c. sartorius d. rectus femoris

d. rectus femoris

Knee flexors include all of the following muscles EXCEPT: a. popliteus b. semitendinosus c. biceps femoris d. soleus

d. soleus

Which of the following is NOT true: a. The knee joint is a synovial joint. b. The knee joint contains more than 10 bursae. c. All four quadriceps muscles connect to the patella via the patellar tendon. d. The menisci of the knee joint have great ability to repair after injury.

d. the menisci of the knee joint have great ability to repair after injury

Anatomically speaking, the wrist is ____ to the elbow.

distal

Commonly injured ligament(s) of the knee joint is (are) the: a. anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) b. posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) c. medial collateral ligament (MCL) d. a & b e. a & c

e. ACL and MCL

The proximal attachments (i.e. origins) of the muscles that flex and extend the elbow are: a. clavicle b. scapula c. humerus d. a & c e. b & c

e. humerus and scapula

Jumping jacks are an example of an exercise that occurs in the ____ plane.

frontal/lateral

The plane that bisects the body from side to side, divding it into front and back halves is called the ____ plane.

frontal/lateral/coronal

Name 3 hip abductors:

gluteus maximus gluteus minimus gluteus medialis

Name 4 hip extensors:

gluteus maximus semimembranosus semitendinosus biceps femoris

The ____ muscle group is responsible for both knee flexion and hip extension.

hamstrings

The hip flexor muscle, ____, is often responsible for some persons to complain of lower back discomfort when performing certain abdominal exercises.

iliopsoas

The ____ muscle group is the primary mover (agonist) in the knee extension.

quadriceps

Name 3 (or more) hip flexors:

rectus femoris iliopsoas pectineus (more so than sartorius) sartorius

Knee extensions are an example of an exercise that occurs in the ____ plane.

sagittal

The standing barbell curl occurs in the ____ plane.

sagittal

The plane that bisects the body from front to back, dividing it into right and left halves is called the ____ plane.

sagittal/anteroposterior

Name 5 (or more) knee flexors:

semitendinosus semimembranosus gracilis (weak knee flexion) sartorius biceps femoris popliteus (flex and rotate) gastrocnemius

In the anatomical position, the forearms are____.

supinated

What is the agonist muscle for ankle flexion (dorsiflexion)?

tibialis anterior

The plane that divides the body into inferior and superior halves is called the ____ plane.

transverse/horizontal