KINS 1223 Lecture Exam 2 #2

what effects can damage to free nerve endings cause?

- inability to detect itching and tickling - inability to feel pain

What trait is shared by all types of muscle?

Ability to generate tension

Sort the strata of the epidermis from superficial to deep.

Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale

If your patient had an inability to absorb nutrients from the small intestine, it might indicate a disorder in which tissue? a) Simple squamous epithelium b) Transitional epithelium c) Simple columnar epithelium d) Stratified squamous epithelium

a) simple squamous c) simple columnar

simple columnar epithelium are responsible for _______ with the help of ______, _______, and ______ _____.

absorption microvilli, cilia, and goblet cells

loose adipose connective tissue has a matrix tht is tightly packed with ________. this tissue ______ & ______ organs. also, it stores _________.

adipocytes insulates & protects triglycerides

Langherhans cells function as an ______ in the epidermis

antigen

The epidermis is __________, making it less likely to bleed from the skin.

avascular

the stratum spinosum is on top of the stratum _______. this layer allows keratinocytes to mature as _________ becomes _________. there is also ________ ________ present.

basale keratohyalin keratin lamellar bodies

what tissue type is found in arteries, veins and capillaries?

blood connective tissue

what tissues have lacunae?

bone and cartilage

the cortex makes up _______ of hair, has harder ________ than medulla, and gives hair ________

bulk keratin structure

bone connective tissue has a tightly packed ________ _______ matrix with embedded _________. It is ________, meaning it is packed with blood vessels. also, it functions in ________ storage and has ______ ______ for blood formation

calcified collagen osteocytes vascular calcium stem cells

vitamin D is converted to ________ which increases ________ ________ and ______ __________.

calcitriol calcium absorption and bone mineralization

Connective tissue is made of which three essential components?

cells, ground substance, and protein fibers

Which type of cell helps to synthesize cartilage?

chondroblast

Which type of fiber has the greatest resistance to tearing?

collagen

the reticular layer of dermis contain densely packed _____ _______ and some ______ _______. it is the _______ layer of skin. _____ ______ ______ produce cleavage lines. it contains ______ ______, _______, and other accessory structures

collagen fibers elastic fibers toughest thick collagen bundles blood vessels, nerves

loose reticular connective tissue has a mesh string of _______ _______. it is _______, and supports _______ & ______ cells.

collagen fibers flexible tissue & immune

stratified transitional epithelium looks to be ________ but stretches to be ________. it changes as we go.

cuboidal; squamous

loose areolar connective tissue _______ organs and has _______ response. It contains _________ & ________ ________. also, there is ______ in the space btwn cells for protection.

cushions; immune fibroblasts & collagen fibers water

outermost layer of the hair shaft

cuticle

what tissue is able to withstand that greatest amount of tension stress in a single direction?

dense CT regular

what type of tissue is most likely found in the walls of arteries to increase BP, some ligaments, and the walls of bronchial tubes to accommodate more air?

dense elastic connective tissue

what tissue would you most likely find in the dermis of joint capsules, and underlying epithelial linings (digestive tract)?

dense irregular connective tissue

simple columnar epithelium that forms the absorptive cells of the digestive tract has what characteristic?

dense microvilli

Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. What type of connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain?

dense regular connective tissue

what tissue would you find in tendons and ligaments?

dense regular connective tissue

fibroblasts are found in the ______ and the _______ _______ ______

dermis; connective tissue proper

simple cuboidal epithelium has more ________ and ________, meaning no diffusion. it is responsible for _______ and ________

distance and resistance secretion and absorption

non keratinized epithelium __________ have a later of dead skin cells present

doesn't

what tissue type is most likely found in the outter ear and epiglottis?

elastic cartilage connective tissue

dense elastic connective tissue is dense regular tissue that is enriched with ______ ______ in an ______ assembly. Allows tissue to ______ & _______

elastin fibers organized stretch & recoil

elastic cartilage connective tissue has the same matrix as hyaline, however, it is enriched with ______ ______. this gives it more degree to ______. it also allows tissue to ______ to _______ _______

elastin fibers stretch return to original shape

Glands that secrete their products directly into the blood (such as the adrenal gland) rather than through ducts are classified as ______________.

endocrine

glial cells regulate the _________ ______ ________. they are responsible for structural _______, _______, and _________ for ________ in brain and spinal cord.

environment around neurons support, protection, and nourishment neurons

free nerve endings are found in the ______

epidermis

langherhans cells are found in the _______

epidermis

melanocytes are found in the _____

epidermis

merkel cells are found in the ________

epidermis

the stratum basale anchors the ________ and has _________ inside of it. It is a highly ______ layer. it also contains ________ _______.

epidermis melanocytes mitotic epidermal ridges

produces collagen and elastic fibers

fibroblasts

what tissue type would most likely be found in discs, menisci, and pubic symphysis?

fibrocartilage connective tissue

simple squamous epithelium is responsible for the movement of molecules through _______ & _________.

filtration & diffusion

hyaline cartilage connective tissue has a _______ & ______ gel matrix secreted by __________. when tissue is form, _______ become embedded in ________. it _________, ________, and _______ other tissues and organs

flexible & firm chondroblasts chondrocytes lacunae cushions, reinforces, and supports

blood is a ______ connective tissue that contains __________, _________ and _______. it transports ____, ____, _______, and other dissolved molecules through the body.

fluid leukocytes, erythrocytes, and plasma O2, CO2, nutrients

responsible for pain, tickle, and touch

free nerve endings

the stratum lucidum is the layer on top of the ___________. this layer appears ______ under microscope. It is only found in _______ _______ like the _____ of our hands and _____ of our feet. this is because it protects _____ _____ areas.

granulosum clear thick skin palms soles high imact

in the hypodermis, there is _____ amounts of ______ tissue and more _______ tissue.

high adipose fibrous

what tissue can be found in the nose, trachea and ribs for breathing?

hyaline cartilage connective tissue

the medulla is the _______ circle of hair, and the _______ & _________

innermost softest & smallest

stratified squamous epithelium can be _______ or _________, as it protects against ________. Also, the top layer ______ ____

keratinized or nonkeratinized abrasion sheds off

responsible for deep pressure and vibration

lamellated corpuscle

what tissue is located in the hypodermis and around major organs?

loose adipose connective tissue

what tissue contains immune cells, fibroblasts and connective fibers?

loose areolar

what tissue is typically under epithelial tissue?

loose areolar connective tissue

the papillary layer of dermis is a ______ _______ _______ that is made up of fine _______ & _______ _______. it associates with epidermis through _____ _______ & _______ ________. it contains ________ & ________ vessels as well as ______ that supply the epidermis. it functions to _______ _______ & _______ ____ __________.

loose connective tissue collagen & elastic fibers dermal papillae & epidermal ridges blood & lymphatic nerves support epidermis & regulate body temperature

Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows cells located in spaces scattered in a transparent background. This is probably ?

loose connective tissue or hyaline cartilage

neurons are the _____ _____ in tissues. they receive ______ _____ & carry it to the brain. they form ________ with one another. they also transmit _______ ________ from brain to _______ organs.

main cell sensory info motor impulses effector

responsible for light touch, pressure, and vibrations

meissner's corpuscle

responsible for fine touch and pressure

merkel cells

tactile discs are formed from _____ ______. they are located in the _______ _______ and function as _________________. they are associated with ____ _____ & _________.

merkel cells stratum basale mechanoreceptors fine touch & pressure

more common sudoriferous gland

merocrine

Skeletal muscle is composed of very hard working cells. Which organelles do you expect to find in abundance in skeletal muscle cell?

mitochondria

cardiac muscle has elongated ______ with greater degree of __________. there are specialized call junctions called _______ _____ that are deep red margins btwn cells and give the heart _______. individual ______ is evident, and ________ are visible.

myotubes branching intercalated discs rhythm nuclei striations

skeletal muscle has elongated _______ formed from _____ cells. It is ____________, ____________, ___________, has visible _________, and ___________ cells.

myotubes multinucleated, contractile, voluntary striations, and cyndrical

portion of the nail that contains blood vessels and is the site of mitosis

nail matrix

dense regular connective tissue is ________, where ________ are embedded in the _______ assembly of _______ ______. There is little to no ______. It can take up the greatest amount of _______ in a ______ ______.

organized fibroblasts regular collagen fibers space stress single direction

fibrocartilage connective tissue has a firm hyaline matrix but has more ______ _______ ______. This allows it to be _______ and it _______ ________.

organized collagen fibers strong resists force

the hair cuticle is the _________ layer of keratinocytes that contains ______ _______

outermost hard keratin

Melanocytes produce the ________, called _______, which protects skin from UV light

pigment, melanin

what is the name of the function in the integumentary system where skin acts as a barrier and fights against excessive water loss?

protection

complete analogy: simple is to absorption as stratified is to ?

protection and abrasion

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is found in areas where ________ against _______ is important; it also lacks surface layer of _____ cells

protection, abrasion; dead

what tissue would most likely be found in the respiratory tract for protection against the lack of filtration?

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

responsible for pressure and distortion of the skin

ruffini's corpuscles

both stratified columnar and cuboidal epithelium function in _______.

secretion

pseudostratified columnar epithelium functions in ________ and ________. Thus, they can be _______.

secretion and propulsion ciliated

what is the name of the function in the integumentary system where changes in pressure, vibrations, pain, and temperature are detected?

sensation

classification involved with absorption in the digestive tract

simple

Stomach acid is very acidic. So, the stomach secretes a mucosal barrier to protect itself from the acid used to digest food. The lining responsible for creating the mucosal barrier is most likely comprised of which epithelial cell?

simple columnar

what tissue type would you most likely find in the digestive and respiratory tract lining?

simple columnar epithelium

The type of epithelium lining ovaries has is ?

simple cuboidal

in ______ ______ epithelium, cells can interact with molecules and create substance

simple cuboidal

which tissues would most likely be found in thyroid gland, ducts, glands, and kidney tubules?

simple cuboidal epithelium

epithelial tissue that lines blood vessels

simple squamous

what tissue would most likely be found in air sacs, blood vessels, capillary lumens and body cavity linings?

simple squamous epithelium

Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei are observed in ?

skeletal muscle only

what muscle is found in walls of hollow organs?

smooth

smooth muscle has ______ ______ cells with a _______ ______. it is found in layers that form ______. It can provide _______, and _____ _______ ________. it also can accommodate ____.

spindle shaped central nucleus sheets force slow wavelike contractions stretch

the stratum granulosum is the layer on top of the stratum ________ where large amounts of ___________ are produced. there are pockets full of keratin known as _______. this is a _______ layer

spinosum keratohyalin granules spotted

tissue to most likely be in an area that resists friction

stratified

what tissue type would most likely be found in the male sperm duct?

stratified columnar epithelium

what epitheliums can have the same shape?

stratified cuboidal and columnar

what tissue type would most likely be found in sweat glands, mammary glands, pharynx, and male urethra?

stratified cuboidal epithelium

what tissue would most likely be found in the skin, lining of the esophagus, lining of vagina, and the lining of the mouth?

stratified squamous epithelium

what type of tissue would most likely be found in ureters, urinary bladder and urethra?

stratified transitional epithelium

Which stratum of the epidermis contains cells undergoing mitosis?

stratum basale

Which stratum of the epidermis contains keratinocytes packed with keratohyalin granules?

stratum granulosum

Which strata is only found in thick skin?

stratum lucidum

the stratum corneum is the most ______ layer, on top of the stratum ________. a ______ ______ forms this ______ resistant layer. the more _______, the more _______.

superficial lucidum lipid coating water layers stress

Merkel cells form _____ _____

tactile discs

why does simple columnar epithelium have increased protection?

there is more space

what is the name of the function in the integumentary system where there are changes in blood flow to skin as well as sweat excretion?

thermoregulation

The palms of your hands and soles of your feet are characterized as _______ skin and have _____ layers of skin. The additional layer present in thick skin is the ________

thick; 5; stratum lucidum

dense irregular connective tissue is _______, where ________ are embedded in the _______ assembly of ________ _______. it can resist _____ in _____ ________.

unorganized fibroblasts irregular collagen fibers force many directions

7-dehydrocholesterol creates cholecalciferol, known as __________ __, when it is combined with ___ ______.

vitamin D UV light

what is the name of the function in the integumentary system where skin responds to UV light?

vitamin D production