KN 252 CH 17 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
what hormones are synthesized from cholesterol
steroids
what kinds of hormones are lipid-soluble
steroids
what is the function of growth hormone
stimulate growth
what are the differences between exocrine and endocrine glands
-endocrine produces hormones and exocrine produces nonhormonal substances -exocrine uses ducts and endocrine lacts ducts
what are symptoms of inappropriate adh secretion (too much adh secreted)
-retention of fluid -headache -disorientation -high blood pressure
what causes the release of adh
-too high of solute concentration -pain -low blood pressure -drugs
what are the 2 main classes of hormones
Amino acid-based hormones and steroids
what is diabetes insipdus
adh deficiency due to hypothalamus/posterior pituitary; release a lot of urine
what is adh release inhibited by
alcohol, diuretics, coffee
what kinds of hormones are water-soluble
amino acid (not thyroid hormone?)
What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland
anterior and posterior
what chemical messenger is being described: chemicals that exert effects on same cells that secrete them
autocrines
what is the general function of inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus
decrease secretion of anterior pituitary hormones
t/f: if an organ or tissue produces a hormone, it is automatically part of the endocrine system
false some organs and tissues can produce hormones but they are not part of the endocrine system
what kind of tissue is in the anterior pituitary lobe
glandular tissue
what hormones are steroids
gonadal and adrenocortical hormones
which hormone of the anterior pituitary gland does utilize cyclic amp second messenger systems at their target
growth hormone
what kind of stimuli is being described: gland cell releases its hormone when some other hormone binds to it
hormonal
what chemical messenger is being described: long-distance chemical signals; travel in blood or lymph
hormones
what kind of stimuli is being described: gland cell releases its hormone when there is a certain change in levels of nutrient or ion in the blood
humoral
what controls the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
what is the general function of the releasing hormones of the hypothalamus
increase secretion of anterior pituitary hormones
What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland
infundibulum
what kind of receptors to lipid soluble hormones act on
intracellular receptors
what is synergism
more than one hormone produces same effects on a target organ; amplification
what kind of stimuli is being described: gland cells releases its hormone when a neuron stimulates it
neural
what kind of tissue is in the posterior pituitary lobe
neural tissue
what kind of organ is the hypothalamus
neuroendocrine
what is permissiveness
one hormone cannot exert its effects without another hormone being present
what is antoganoism
one or more hormones oppose the action of another hormone
which organs have both exocrine and endocrine functions
pancreas, gonads, placenta
what chemical messenger is being described: locally acting chemicals that affect cells other than those that secrete them/neighboring cells
paracrines
What neurons in the hypothalamus produce oxytocin
paraventricular neuron
what glands are endocrine organs with solely endocrine functions
pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands
what kind of receptors do water-soluble hormones act on
plasma membrane receptors
how does the endocrine influence metabolic activities
secrete hormones into the blood
where is the pituitary gland located
sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
what is the function of prolactin
stimulate milk production
what is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
stimulate release of hormones such as aldosterone and cortisol in the adrenal cortex
what is the function of adh
stimulates retention of water by the kidneys; reabsorption of water
what is the function of the thyroid stimulating hormone
stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones
what is the function of oxytocin
stimulates urine contraction and milk ejection
what neurons in the hypothalamus produce adh
supraoptic neuron
what is up regulation
target cells form more receptors in response to low hormone levels (target cells crave more of the hormone)
what is down regulation
target cells lose receptors in response to high hormone levels (become insensitive to the hormone)
what are tissues with receptors for specific hormones called
target organs
where are the supraoptic and paraventricular axons of the hypothalamus located
the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract of the infundibulum
what happens when there is high concentration of adh
vasoconstriction/vasopressin, leading to high blood pressure
