Knes 360 lecture 4 The Hip Joint and Pelvic girdle

hip adduction agonists

-adductor brevis -adductor longus -adductor magnus -gracilis

adductor brevis muscle

adduction of hip assists in flexion of hip

adductor longus

adduction of hip assists in flexion of hip

adductor magnus

adduction of hip external rotation as hip adducts extension of hip

gracilis muscle

adduction of hip weak flexion of knee internal rotation of hip assists with flexion of hip

anterior pelvic rotation (hyperlordosis)

anterior movement of upper pelvis; iliac crest tilts forward in a sagittal plane; anterior tilt

bony landmarks

anterior pelvis- origin for for hip flexors

insertion of tensor fasciae latae

anterolaterally on gerdy's tubercle of tibia

pelvic bone

divided into 3 areas ilium ischium pubis

hip abductor training

dont do abductor machines

pectineus muscle

flexion of hip adduction of hip

ilipsoas muscle

flexion of hip lumbar spine stabilizer in hip flexion (psoas pinch)

biceps femoris

flexion of knee extension of hip external rotation of hip external rotation of flexed knee posterior pelvic rotation

semimembranosus muscle

flexion of knee extension of hip interal rotation of hip internal rotation of flexed knee posterior pelvic rotation

femur

longest bone in body

hip adductors

insert at linea aspera

patella

insertion for all 4 quadriceps muscles

proximal tibia or fibula

insertion for remainder of hip muscles

psoas pinch

make ASIS touch quad

lateral pelvis

origin for hip abductors lateral iliac crest

medial bony landmarks of the pelvic bone

origin for hip adductors -pubis & its inferior ramus

posteroinferior bony landmarks of the pelvic bone

origin for hip extensors -ischial tuberosity

posterior bony landmarks of the pelvic bone

origin for hip extensors -posterior iliac crest and posterior sacrum and coccyx

sartorius muscle

originates frm ASIS -flexion of hip -flexion of knee -abduction of hip -anterior pelvic rotation

rectus femoris

originates from AIIS -flexion of hip -extension of knee -anterior pelvic rotation (quad dominance)

Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle (TFL)

originates from the anterolateral surface of the iliac crest -abduction of hip -flexion of hip -tendency to rotate hip internally as it flexes (bad) -anterior pelvic rotation

gluteus mediusmuscle

originates on entire iliac crest -abduction of hip -internal rotation & flexion (anterior fibers) -external rotation & extension (posterior fibers)

gluteus maximus muscle

originates posterior side of iliac crest, sacrum, ischium -extension of hip -external rotation of hip -posterior pelvic rotation pull femur back into middle of acetabulum (hip arthritis)

six deep lateral (external) rotator muscles

piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, obturator externus, obturator internus, quadratus femoris

ischium

posterior and lower two fifths of pelvic bone

posterior pelvic rotation (hypolordosis)

posterior movement of upper pelvis; iliac crest tilts backward in a sagittal plane; posterior tilt

laterally tibia fibula

primarily on fibula head with some fibers attaching on lateral tibial condyle

stretches

rectus femoris/hamstring stretch (limit other compensatory lumbar spine motions)

posterior hip joint

sacrum is between the 2 pelvic bones & forms the sacroiliac (SI) joints -strong ligaments unite these bones to form rigid, slightly movable joints

anterior (hyperlordosis) and posterior (hyperlordosis) pelvic rotation

sagittal plane

seven two-joint muscles have one action at hip & another at knee

sartorius, finish this one

sacral plexus

sciatic nerve

tibial division

sensation for posterolateral lower leg & plantar aspect of foot

common peroneal (fibular) division

sensation to anterolateral lower leg & dorsum of foot

decreasing the stress on the knee

there is evidence that proper activation of the hip musculature may help control the knee loads during activities of daily living

origin for 3 knee extensors

three vasti muscles of quadriceps-anteriorly

right transverse rotation and left transverse rotation

transverse plane of motion

medially tibia or fibula

upper anteromedial tibial surface just below medial condyle after crossing knee posteromedially

ilium

upper two fifths of pelvic bone

iliotibial tract (IT band)

muscle is the tensor fasciae latae

pubis

anterior and lower one fifth of pelvic bone

hip extension agonists

-GLUTEUS MAXIMUS -biceps femoris (long head) -semitendinosus -semimembranosus

gluteal amnesia

-due to our tendency to sit on our glutes more than use them, they tend to shut down in alot of people and not work the way they should. -glute activation exercises important in prevention of injury/disease and in improving athletic performance

hip joint weight bearing and locomotion

-enhanced significantly by its wide range of motion -majority of lower body power should come from hip, but in most people it does not (leads to injury and degenerative disease)

sacrum

-extension of spinal column with 5 fused vertebrae -extending inferiorly is the coccyx

hip external rotation agonists

-gluteus maximus -gluteus medius -six deep external rotators

hip abduction agonists

-gluteus medius >tensor fasciae latae >gluteus maximus >gluteus minimus

hip internal rotation agonists

-gluteus minimus >gluteus medius >tensor fasciae latae

ball & socket joint

-head of femur connecting with acetabulum of pelvic girdle

hip abduction

-movement of femur laterally to side away from midline

hip adduction

-movement of femur medially toward midline

hip flexion

-movement of femur straight anteriorly toward pelvis

hip extension

-movement of the femur straight posteriorly away from the pelvis; sometimes referred to as hyperextension

semitendonosus muscle of hamstrings

-originate from ischial tuberosity flexion of knee extension of hip internal rotation of hip interanl rotation of flexed knee posterior pelvic rotation

hip flexion agonists

-psoas -iliacus (iliopsoas) -rectus femoris -pectineus >sartorius >tensor fasciae latae

hip joint (acetabular femoral)

-relatively stable due to >bony architecture (easily reproducible) >strong ligaments >large supportive muscles

pelvic girdle

-right & left pelvic bone joined together posteriorly by sacrum and anteriorly by pubis symphysis -pelvic bones are ilium, ischium, and pubis

anterior hip joint

-two pelvic bones join to form symphysis pubis, amphiarthrodial

glute activation

-utilize the fact that glute max has two main actions -hip extension -hip external rotation

Anterior inferior iliac spine

AIIS

anterior superior iliac spine

ASIS

right and left hip hiking

frontal plane

gluteus medius muscle

frontal plane hip stabilizer

what plane should the gluteus medius be trained in

frontal plane hip stabilizer

hip hiking

frontal plane motion of the pelvis combined with hip ab/adduction

proximal thigh greater trochanter lesser trochanter

insertion for short muscles of hip

gluteus minimus

lateral side of iliac crest insertion happens anterior side -abduction of hip -internal rotation as femur abducts -flexion of hip

acetabulofemoral joint

most mobile joints of body (except glenohumeral) -multiaxial arrangement -bony architecture provides stability -relatively few hip joint sublaxations & dislocations

hip external rotation

rotary movement of femur laterally around its longitudinal axis away from midline; lateral rotation

hip internal rotation

rotary movement of femur medially around its longitudinal axis toward to midline; medial rotation