krs 10-19 (prt 2)

The acronym ________ refers to a measure of the metabolic cost of an exercise. (pg 352)

MET

______ is the training principle that the body adapts to the particular type and amount of stress placed on it. (pg 351)

Specificity

Which statement about the H5N1 influenza is true? (pg 474)

The H5N1 virus does not infect humans easily, but when it does, it can be deadly.

T/F : Noncancerous tumors only pose a health threat if they physically interfere with essential bodily functions. (pg 437 "Tumors")

True

True or false: Men tend to be more active than women, according to a 2017 report by the CDC. (pg 345/346)

True

Susan can run a marathon. What type of training would likely have played the most important factor? (pg 344)

cardiorespiratory endurance training

A heart attack occurs when what fails to deliver enough blood to the heart? (pg 407)

coronary arteries

When do symptoms of infection first appear? (pg 472)

during the prodromal period

Adults should be vaccinated against which disease every year? (pg 468)

flu

High blood pressure is a result of ______ output of blood by the heart or ______ resistance to blood flow in the arteries. (pg 418)

increased; increased

Palliative chemotherapy is treatment given to patients with ______. (pg 448)

incurable cancer

Cancers originating in the body's infection-fighting system are called ... (pg 449)

lymphoma

In the immune response, antibodies mark extracellular pathogens for destruction by which entities? (pg 467)

macrophages

A(n) ______ tumor is capable of invading surrounding tissue and spreading. (pg 437)

malignant

People who have insulin resistance tend to have several other related risk factors. Together, these factors are called ______. (pg 422/423)

metabolic syndrome

What is the sum of all the processes the body uses to obtain and utilize food energy called? (pg 379)

metabolism

It is possible to lose weight when you maintain a(n) ______ energy balance. (pg 378)

negative

_________ is a serious degree of overweight that has a number of health risks. (371/372)

obesity

Progressive ____________is the training principle that placing increasing amounts of stress (in the form of exercise) on the body causes adaptations that improve fitness. (end of pg 351)

overload

Clinical weight loss programs are typically designed for those who are severely ..... (pg 393)

overweight or obese

What do the most effective online weight loss programs offer? (pg 393)

- member-to-member support -access to staff professionals

Which statements accurately describe a balloon angioplasty? (pg 412)

-It is usually followed by the placement of a stent in the artery. -It involves feeding a balloon-tipped catheter into an artery. -It widens the arterial opening.

What are the three common types of diabetes? (pg 375)

-Type 1 -Type 2 -Gestational

What are the early symptoms of ovarian cancer? (pg 454)

-abdominal bloating -urinary urgency -pelvic pain

For women who take oral contraceptives, which factors further increase the risk of high blood pressure? (pg 418)

-advanced age -long duration of use -obesity

Which conditions result from plaque buildup? (pg 407)

-blood clots accumulate -arteries narrow -blood flow is restricted

Which conditions can result from excess cholesterol? (pg 419)

-clogged arteries -increased risk of CVD

Which of the following are common symptoms of anorexia in women?(pg 396)

-cold intolerance -not menstruating -dry skin

Which of the following are strategies for lowering energy density in the diet? (pg 386)

-eating fruit with breakfast -limiting snack foods high in added sugars -eating a green salad with meals

During phase 3 (the elimination phase) of the immune response, activated T and B cells are transformed into which of the following? (pg 467)

-effector cells -memory cells

Which of the following are proper ways to use food? (pg 387)

-fuel life's activities -foster growth

Why is muscular endurance important? (pg 345)

-helps people cope with daily physical demands -improves posture -improves sports performance

Which of the following are health risks of bulimia nervosa? (pg 396)

-liver damage -erosion of tooth enamel

Which cancers can be caused by tobacco smoke? (pg 443)

-lung -mouth -throat

What are primary organs of the lymphatic system? (pg 468)

-the spleen -lymph nodes

How the resting metabolic rate expressed in METs? (pg 352)

1 MET

Annually, about how many U.S. deaths can be attributed to smoking? (pg 417)

1 in 5

About how much of a person's daily energy is expended during food digestion? (pg 379)

10%

Obesity diminishes a person's life expectancy by about ______ years. (pg 375)

10-20

About ______% of American men suffer from binge-eating disorder. (pg 396)

2

Adolescence is the period when about ______% of eating disorders begin. (pg 395)

90

The dimensions of frequency, intensity, time, type, volume, and progression are commonly referred to by the acronym ..... (pg 352)

FITT-VP

Which of the following is a consequence of reliance on formula drinks and food bars? (pg 389)

rapid short-term weight loss

Allergies occur when the immune system ______. (pg 470)

reacts to a harmless substance as if it were a harmful pathogen

A period during the course of cancer when there are no symptoms or other evidence of the disease is called ______. (pg 438)

remission

Between 40 million and 60 million Americans are at high risk for CVD, primarily because of their ______. (pg 421)

sedentary lifestyles

The greater the disparity between the ideal self and actual self, the greater the impact on ______. (pg 386/387 "Thinking and Emotions")

self-esteem

The method of classifying the ______ of cancer in a patient's body is called staging. (pg 438)

spread

A rare result of binge eating is rupture of the ______. (pg 396)

stomach

What best describes the rest portion of the R-I-C-E (RICE) principle? (pg 364)

stop using the injured area as soon as you experience pain

Squats, push-ups, and pull-ups are all examples of ______ training exercises. (pg 356)

strength

Which cancer has not been linked to tobacco use? (pg 443)

testicular

What is flexibility? (pg 345)

the ability to move joints through their full range of motion

Which feature is characteristic of all cancers? (pg 437)

the abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells

A blood clot in a blood vessel that usually remains at the point of its formation is called a(n) ______. (pg 413)

thrombus

The terms neoplasm and ______ refer to the same thing. (pg 437)

tumor

Which type of diabetes is associated with children or adolescents? (pg 375)

type 1 diabetes

You can calculate your BMI by dividing ______. (pg 373)

your body weight by the square of your height

A reservoir for a pathogen can be which of the following? (pg 472)

-an animal -a person

What are some of the risk factors for bladder cancer? (pg 458/459)

-being male -smoking

Which of the following are benefits of physical activity? (pg 386)

-burning calories -improving quality of sleep -increasing self-esteem

In which ways may the nutrients in fruits and vegetables help reduce cancer risk? (pg 444)

-by blocking carcinogens from acting on target cells -by preventing carcinogens from forming -by boosting enzymes that render carcinogens harmless

Which of the following are often used to substitute all or some of a person's daily food intake? (pg 389)

-canned diet drinks -diet food bars

Which of the following are examples of foods that are high in energy density? (end of pg 387)

-potato chips -ice cream -cookies

What are possible effects of histamine? (pg 470)

-shortness of breath -swelling -congestion

Stretching how many days a week is optimal? (pg 359)

5 to 7

The two main types of lymphocytes are .. (near end of pg 465)

B cells and T cells. in that order!

DASH stands for ______ Approaches to Stop Hypertension. (pg 431)

Dietary

______ refers only to the body's content of muscle, bone, and water. (pg 345)

Fat-free mass

What is the difference in results of a strength-training program when a person changes the intensity and time? (pg 358)

Heavy weight and low reps build strength, whereas light weight and high reps build endurance.

_________ is a chemical responsible for the dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels in the allergic and inflammatory responses. (pg 470)

Histamine

Which statement about the development of large muscles in women who do strength training is correct? (pg 358)

Hormonal differences prevent women from developing muscles at a large scale comparable to men.

What is recommended for weight management? (pg 350)

Increase your physical activity from 150 minutes per week to 300 minutes per week.

Which screening has been shown to detect breast abnormalities more successfully than mammography in some women? (pg 452)

MRI

What example best describes cardiorespiratory endurance? (pg 344)

Molly runs five miles every day

Which statement accurately describes the health risks presented by compounds and additives in some foods? (pg 445)

Nitrates and nitrites can become carcinogenic by mixing with substances in the stomach.

Can a supplement change a weak person into a strong person? (end pg 358/359)

No, exercise creates strength.

Which of the following statements about the link between radiation and cancer is FALSE? (pg 446)

Not all sources of radiation are carcinogenic.

______ are associated with the conversion of healthy cells into cancer cells. (pg 442)

Oncogenes

Why do early symptoms of cancer often go unnoticed? (pg 447)

They are often painless.

Type two diabetes is strongly associated with obesity. (pg 375)

True

A disorder caused by the body's exaggerated response to harmless foreign chemicals and proteins is _____. (pg 470)

an allergy

An ______ is a picture of the arterial system taken to identify the narrowing or blockage of the arteries. (pg 412)

angiogram

The primary risk factor for stomach cancer involves both consuming a diet high in smoked, salted, or pickled fish and being infected with the _____ Helicobacter pylori. (pg 458)

bacterium (or bacteria)

Which of the following is a treatment for narrowing or blocked arteries? (pg 412)

balloon angioplasty

In men, the prostate gland is located at the base of the ______. (pg 453)

bladder

What is the term for an extreme dissatisfaction with a person's own body image? (pg 394)

body dysmorphic disorder

If an injury begins throbbing or starts to change color after you have wrapped it with an elastic bandage, you should ______. (pg 364)

decrease compression

What is the disease that disrupts normal metabolism, interfering with cells' ability to take in glucose for energy production? (pg 375)

diabetes mellitus

The rapid spread of a disease or health-related condition is known as a(n) ... (pg 474)

epidemic

What is the best way to control body fat? (pg 362)

follow a balanced diet

What is the term for particular arrangements of nucleotide bases that control protein production? (pg 441)

genes

Which of the following are characteristics of processed foods? (pg 386)

high in fat

Kettlebells are usually used to perform ______. (pg 358)

high-speed resistance exercises

Anaphylaxis results from the release of ______ throughout the body. (pg 471)

histamine

Clinical weight loss programs are typically located in a ______ setting. (pg 393)

hospital

Diabetes is associated with increase rates of ______. (pg 375)

hypertension

Nonsmokers who are exposed to second-hand tobacco smoke ______ their risk of CVD. (pg 431)

increase

What is the term for a cancer that originates in the bone marrow? (pg 449)

leukemia

Weight loss aids that are ______ are not regulated as heavily as over-the-counter medications. (pg 389)

marketed as dietary supplements

After surviving an infection, people often gain an immunity to that pathogen because some of the lymphocytes created during phase 2 of the immune response are saved as ______. (pg 467/468)

memory B and T cells

The best way to treat cancer would do minimal damage to ______. (pg 448)

normal tissues

Blood exerts _________ on the walls of the blood vessels. (pg 406)

pressure

Which of the following is the first step in treatment of anorexia nervosa? (pg 397 "Take Charge)

restoring adequate body weight

Which is an example of a problem that could be revealed by an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)? (pg 411)

restricted blood flow

What is a chemical barrier of the body that is designed to help prevent infection? (pg 465)

saliva

Which statements about T and B cells are correct? (pg 465)

- T and B cells have different functions. - T and B cells are involved in the adaptive response. - T and B cells have immunological memory.

Which methods can a physician use to identify a cancer's stage? (pg 438)

- assessing the size of the primary tumor - assessing if the tumor has invaded lymph nodes - assessing if any metastases are present

Which factors can cause elevated triglyceride levels? (pg 422)

- cigarette smoking - excessive alcohol intake - physical inactivity

Which of the following types of viruses are suspected of contributing to the development of certain cancers? (end of pg 444)

- herpes - hepatitis B and C - Epstein-Barr

What are types of T cells? (pg 466)

-Suppressor T cells -Killer T cells -Helper T cells

About what percentage of cancer deaths can be attributed to general environmental pollution? (end of pg 445)

2% or less

Which infection is associated with head and neck cancers such as those of the tonsils and tongue base? (pg 458)

HPV

Which statement about asthma is INCORRECT? (pg 470 "Diversity Matters")

Latinos are more than four times more likely to die from asthma than any other ethnic population.

Which of the following describes what happens in a cardiovascular accident (stroke)? (pg 413)

The blood supply to the brain is cut off and brain tissue dies.

A natural environment in which a pathogen typically lives is called (pg 472)

a reservoir.

A substance that triggers an allergy is called a(n) ______. (pg 470)

allergen

A subarachnoid hemorrhage is a blood vessel rupture that is located on the brain's surface and bleeds into the ______. (pg 414)

brain and skull

Which term is another word for a stroke? (pg 413)

cerebrovascular accident

The type of stretching that is best done prior to a workout is ______. (pg 359)

dynamic stretching

The incidence of obesity in women and children ______ as income level ______. (pg 380/381)

falls; rises

Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer because ______. (pg 456)

it spreads rapidly

The heart is a four-chambered, fist-sized ______. (pg 404)

muscle

What is the term for a deviation from the normal composition of a gene? (pg 443/442)

mutation

To check the carotid pulse, which body part should you touch? (pg 353)

neck ; "Carotid" refers specific to the artery in the neck.

Which medication can relieve angina pain? (pg 408)

nitroglycerin

Which illness, if left untreated, can result in rheumatic fever? (pg 416)

streptococcal throat infections

What is the term for drugs that specifically attack genetic changes in tumors? (pg 460)

targeted therapy

In the United States, the energy equation generally is ______. (pg 378-379)

tipped toward "energy in"

Which reasons make surgery an effective treatment for certain cancers? (pg 448)

-It can result in the removal of all cancerous cells. -It can be used with other treatments, like radiation.

What are recommendations for performing an isometric contraction? (pg 356)

-Perform 3 to 10 repetitions. -Hold an isometric contraction maximally for 6 seconds.

What are ways to avoid triggers that cause asthma attacks? (pg 470 "Diversity Matters")

-avoiding tobacco smoke -using air purifiers

What are isotonic exercises? (pg 356)

-body weight exercises -dumbbells -barbells -weight machines

Which of the following plant substances act as antioxidants or have other anti-cancer effects? (pg 444)

-carotenoids -phytochemicals

Cholesterol is an important component of which parts of the body? (pg 419)

-cell membranes -the lungs -sex hormones

Hypertension leads to which of the following? (pg 417)

-damage to the blood vessels -weakening of the heart

Lack of physical exercise can result in which of the following? (pg 386)

-decrease in metabolic rate -loss in lean body mass

What are some of the risk factors for skin cancer? (pg 455)

-having experienced a sunburn -having fair skin -exposure to coal tar and radioactive materials

Which of the following are common side effects of weight loss drugs? (pg 393)

-headaches -sleeplessness -nervousness

A medicine can cause weight loss if it does which of the following? (pg 393)

-increases feelings of fullness -reduces feelings of hunger

What are the primary treatments for people with BDD? (394)

-medication -therapy

Which early symptoms may indicate a tumor in the lungs? (pg 450)

-recurring bronchitis -chest pain -persistent cough

What occurs because of the inflammatory response? (pg 466)

-redness at site of infection or injury -swelling at site of infection or injury

An estimated ______ million Americans suffer from PAD. (pg 415)

8

_________ obesity refers to a pattern in which fat is stored in the abdominal area. (pg 374)

Android

Smoking is considered the number-one risk factor for ______ that a person can control. (pg 431)

CVD

______ doubles the risk of CVD for men and triples it for women. (end of pg 421)

Diabetes

Which practice is an emergency technique for treating a heart attack victim? (pg 410/411)

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Rheumatic fever is a leading cause of ______ worldwide. (pg 416)

heart failure

As your body adapts to the exercises you do, you must exercise more to continue to experience fitness gains. The progressive increase in exercise is known as ______. (end of 352)

overload

The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs in what is called ______. (pg 404/405)

pulmonary circulation

A collection of dead white blood cells and debris at the site of infection resulting from an inflammatory response is called ______. (pg 466)

pus

The training principle that refers to fitness improvements that are lost when demands on the body are lowered is called ______. (pg 352)

reversibility

An eating disorder is a psychological condition that is characterized by which of the following? (pg 395)

severe disturbances in body image

What is the strongest risk factor for bladder cancer? (pg 458/459)

smoking

What is not a type of exercise that contributes to cardiorespiratory endurance? (pg 355)

stretching

The left side of the heart pumps blood through the body in the __________ circulation. (pg 404/405)

systemic

When an infection is spread to large portions of the body by blood or lymph, it is referred to as a(n) ______ infection. (pg 473)

systemic

True or false: Transient ischemic attacks are usually life-threatening. (pg 414)

False ; Although a person with a suspected TIA should seek medical attention, TIAs don't cause permanent damage.

________ is s an imbalance between training and recovery. (pg 352)

Overtraining

Which of the following statements about metastasis is correct? (pg 437)

The term refers the spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another.

Which factors explain why men are more likely to die from cancer than women? (pg 439)

-Men have higher rates of excessive alcohol use. -Men have higher rates of tobacco use. -Men have greater exposure to environmental pollutants.

Which statements about the muscular strength of men and women are true? (pg 357)

-Per unit of muscle tissue, lower-body strength of men and women is about the same. -A larger portion of the total body mass of men is made of muscle.

Which of the following are ways to develop a positive body image? (pg 398)

-Practice body acceptance. -Focus on healthy habits. -View eating as morally neutral.

Which of the following statements about slow weight gain are true? (pg 384)

-Slow weight gain is a major cause of overweight and obesity. -It refers to gaining one or two pounds per year.

Which statements accurately describe congenital heart defects? (pg 416)

-They occur in about 1% of births each year. -They can lead to death in some cases. -They include a defect in which holes exist in heart chamber walls.

Which of the following statements about the potential of liquid biopsies are accurate? (pg 460)

-They would be feasible because cancer cells shed a small amount of DNA into bodily fluids. -They would be less invasive than a traditional biopsy.

Which statements accurately describe the role of aspirin treatment for people at risk for CVD? (pg 412)

-Treatment is recommended for people at intermediate to high risk. -Treatment helps reduce inflammation and the risk of blood clots.

Which of the following statements about vaccine efficacy are accurate? (pg 469)

-Vaccines have extended the lifespan of many Americans. -Vaccines have a well-established safety record. -Being vaccinated for measles in childhood prevents most adults from ever getting the disease.

According to MyPlate, which of the following influence recommended daily energy intake? (pg 385)

-age -gender -activity level

What are the nonsurgical therapies for the treatment of breast cancer? (pg 452)

-antibody therapy -chemotherapy -hormone therapy

Characteristics that may indicate a skin growth is a melanoma include ______. (pg 456)

-asymmetry -a change in color -an irregular border

What are effective ways to deal with allergies? (pg 472)

-avoidance of allergens -over-the-counter antihistamines -immunotherapy

Which dietary changes can people make to lower their risk of developing cardiovascular disease? (pg 430-431)

-avoiding excessive alcohol -achieving and maintaining a healthy weight -choosing only unsaturated fats -eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables

What are the main categories of eating disorders? (pg 395)

-binge-eating disorder -bulimia nervosa -anorexia nervosa

Which of the following are signs or symptoms of prostate cancer? (pg 453)

-blood in urine -changes in urinary frequency -interrupted urine flow

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is the energy required to maintain which of the following? (379)

-blood pressure -heart rate -respiration

Researchers have determined that genes affect which of the following? (pg 378)

-body shape -body size -body fat distribution

For which of the following actions can a CT scan be used? (pg 414)

-determine the type of stroke -assess brain damage

What are some of the risk factors for stomach cancer? (pg 458)

-eating a diet high in nitrates -being 65 or older -infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori

Which symptoms of diabetes can damage the lining of the arteries? (end of pg 421)

-elevated blood glucose levels -elevated insulin levels

What are the benefits associated with warming up? (pg 356)

-elevates muscle temperature -decreases the chance of injury -helps your body to move gradually from rest to exercise

Which cancers pose an increased risk to people with weight gain in early adulthood? (pg 444)

-endometrial -colorectal

Which of the following might initiate an asthma attack? (pg 470)

-exercise -inhaling animal dander -inhaling pollen

Which procedures are examples of methods that can be used for pinpointing the location and size of a tumor?

-exploratory surgery -MRI -biopsy

What are examples of minimally invasive, nonsurgical alternative treatments for prostate cancer? (pg 453/454)

-external radiation -cryotherapy -hormonal therapy

What are common symptoms of brain cancer? (pg 459)

-fatigue -headaches -seizures

Which of the following foods are low in energy density? (end of pg 387)

-fresh vegetables -air-popped popcorn -fresh fruits

Chemotherapy works by indiscriminately inhibiting growth of rapidly dividing cells, including healthy cells that grow rapidly. Which fast-growing cells can be interrupted by chemotherapy? (pg 448)

-hair cells -blood-forming cells -intestinal cells

Which of the following are standard categories of body weight status based on BMI? (pg 374)

-healthy weight -obese -underweight

What are the benefits of developing muscular strength? (end of pg 344)

-helps prevent back pain -helps keep skeleton in proper alignment -helps prevent leg pain

Which major groups of muscles should be stretched during flexibility exercises? (pg 359)

-hip -shoulder -leg

Advanced prostate cancer may be treated by surgically removing the prostate gland, but this often results in which of the following? (pg 453/454)

-incontinence -erectile dysfunction

Complications of diabetes include which of the following? (pg 375)

-kidney failure -hypertension -nerve damage

Being sedentary is associated with what? (end of pg 348)

-large waist circumference -unhealthy levels of glucose, insulin, and blood fats

Which symptoms can be caused by peripheral arterial disease (PAD)? (pg 415)

-limited blood flow -obstructed blood flow

Eating is often used as a way to distract oneself from which of the following emotions? (pg 380/381)

-loneliness -boredom -shame

Which reasons may explain why heart attacks are more likely to occur in the winter than in the summer months? (pg 429)

-low temperatures -holiday eating habits

Which types of foods does the DASH diet advocate eating? (pg 431)

-low-fat dairy products -fruits and vegetables -foods low in fat

What are the potential health benefits of following the ACSM's recommendations for participation in moderate to vigorous aerobic activity? (pg 346)

-lowering the risk of stroke -lowering the risk of high blood pressure -lowering the risk of developing type 2 diabetes

In order to lose weight, you should .... (pg 388)

-make modest reductions in energy intake. -initiate an exercise program.

Which of the following are common sources of potentially carcinogenic radiation? (pg 446)

-mammograms -dental X-rays -sunlight

What are effective ways to treat or prevent asthma attacks? (pg 470 "Diversity Matters")

-measuring peak air flow -anti-inflammatory inhaler

Who should get a medical examination before participating in exercise? (pg 351)

-men over 40 years of age -women over 50 years of age

People with very low body fat may suffer from which of the following? (pg 377)

-muscle wastage -eating disorders -fatigue

What are some of the advantages to using ultrasonography to diagnose cancers? (pg 448)

-no radiation exposure -cost compared to other imaging methods

Besides an electrocardiogram, which tests can detect CHD? (pg 411)

-nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging -echocardiography -electron-beam computed tomography

In addition to inherited genetic mutations, what are other risk factors for colon and rectal cancer? (end of pg 450)

-obesity -chronic bowel inflammation -type 2 diabetes -excessive alcohol use

In addition to age and gender, what are other risk factors for pancreatic cancer? (pg 458)

-obesity -smoking -having diabetes

Which of the following are risk factors for ovarian cancer? (pg 454)

-older age (over age 60) -obesity -family history of breast and ovarian cancer

What are types of pathogens? (end of pg 474)

-parasitic worms -bacteria -viruses -protozoa

Which of the following are among the links in the chain of infection? (pg 472)

-pathogen -reservoir -portal of exit -portal of entry

Which of these symptoms can be significantly reduced by early treatment of stroke victims? (pg 414)

-permanent disability -brain damage

What are common allergens? (pg 470)

-pollen -mold -pet dander -dust mites

What types of foods promoted by the food industry contribute to an obesogenic environment? (pg 381/382)

-processed food -high-calorie food

Which of the following are features of a responsible, safe weight loss program? (pg 390/391)

-promoting slow, steady weight loss -recommending a balanced diet -including plans for weight maintenance

For women, hormonal changes during ______ can increase fat accumulation. (pg 379)

-puberty -menopause -pregnancy

What are examples of strength training exercises? (pg 356)

-pull-up -bench press -squat

Which elements determine blood pressure? (pg 406)

-pumping action of the heart -resistance of the blood vessels

What are some common eating behaviors of people who are suffering from binge-eating disorder? (pg 396)

-rapid eating -eating when not hungry -eating until overfull

Which of the following are methods for determining body composition? (pg 372)

-skinfold measurement -magnetic resonance imaging -bioelectrical impedance analysis

Genetics have not been found to be a significant risk factor for head and neck cancers. Instead, risk factors include lifestyle choices, such as which of the following? (pg 458)

-smoking -excessive alcohol intake -spit tobacco use

What are skill-related fitness components? (pg 345)

-speed -reaction time -power -coordination

Which methods can be used to detect colorectal cancer? (pg 451)

-stool tests -colonoscopy

Which conditions are forms of cardiovascular disease that can be caused by hypertension? (pg 417)

-strokes -heart attacks

Which of the following methods are used to detect or diagnose lung cancer? (pg 450)

-studying cells in sputum -chest X-rays

Which treatments are commonly combined as a way of removing cancerous cells? (pg 448)

-surgery -chemotherapy -radiation

When the heart muscle doesn't receive enough blood, which parts of the body commonly experience pain? (pg 408)

-the chest -the arm -the neck

What are reasons to apply heat to an injury? (pg 364)

-to reduce stiffness -to relax muscles -to reduce pain

What are effective strategies for avoiding allergens? (pg 472)

-using special bedding to reduce mite contact -removing carpet from bedrooms

Surgical treatment of ovarian cancer typically involves the removal of which organs? (pg 454)

-uterus -ovaries -fallopian tubes

Which of the following nutrients have been found to increase heart health? (pg 430)

-vitamin B-6 -calcium -folic acid

What are common allergy symptoms? (pg 470)

-wheezing -stuffy nose -sneezing

People on a safe and effective weight loss program should plan to lose how many pounds per week? (pg 391)

0.5 -2

T/F : To improve physical fitness, moderate exercise alone is enough. (pg 347)

False ; (Moderate exercise alone is not enough. Physical fitness requires more intense movement that poses a substantially greater challenge to the body.)

T/F: It is easier to maintain a given weight after gaining and losing a large number of pounds than it is to maintain a long-term original weight (pg 384)

False ; It is easier to maintain a given original weight than to maintain that weight after weight loss.

True or False: About 75% of American adults meet the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. (pg 380)

False ; Just over half of American adults meet the guidelines.

T/F : Being obese in middle age does not significantly increase a person's cancer risk. (pg 444)

False ; Obesity in middle age has been shown to increase risk for many cancers.

T/F: Cervical and uterine cancer combined cause more deaths than ovarian cancer alone. (pg 454)

False ; Ovarian cancer causes more deaths than cervical and uterine cancers combined.

T/F : Pet fur is a common allergen. (pg 470)

False ; Pet dander (dead skin flakes) is the common allergen associated with pets. Their fur does not usually cause allergies.

Match the following immunological defenders with their appropriate description. (pg 456)

1. neutrophil 1. white blood cells that ingest and destroy pathogens 2.dendritic cell 2. cells that reside in tissues and activate lymphocytes 3. eosinophil 3. white blood cells that fight parasitic infections

Match each link in the chain of infection (on the left) with the appropriate way (on the right) to break it. (pg 472/473)

1. pathogen 1. sewage treatment 2.reservoir 2. killing insects that are hosts to a pathogen 3. port of entry 3. applying a bandage on a cut 4. indirect transmission 4. hand washing

About ______% of women with anorexia die from medical complications. (pg 396)

10

How many days a week at minimum should you stretch? (pg 359)

2 or 3 days a week

Regular exercise can lower resting blood pressure ______%, which can significantly reduce the risk of hypertension. (pg 431)

2-4

At what age should people begin having their cholesterol checked? (pg 432)

20

The ideal amount of time for a cardiorespiratory training workout is ______. (pg 355)

20 to 60 minutes

Physical activity accounts for ______% of total daily expended energy. (pg 379)

20-30

Men with ______ body fat are considered obese. (pg 372)

25%

MVP occurs in about ______% of the population. (pg 416/417)

3

How often and how long should a person participate in moderate cardiorespiratory endurance exercise? (pg 353)

3 to 5 days a week

Essential fat comprises ______% of men's body weight. (pg 371)

3-5

The NHANES recommends weight loss surgery only for patients with a BMI of ______ or more. (pg 393)

40

A reasonable level of weight loss over 6 months for someone who is obese would be ______% of body weight. (pg 388)

5-10

When a person stops exercising, up to _______% of fitness improvements are typically lost within 2 months. (pg 352 "Reversibility")

50

The Federal Trade Commission reports that more than ______ of ads for weight loss products make false claims. (pg 389)

50%

As a result of the physiologic increase in adrenaline and cortisol levels, cardiac deaths occur more frequently between ______. (end of pg 428)

6 a.m. and 12 p.m.

About ______% of all heart attack victims are age 65 or older. (pg 426)

70

The percentage of American adults who are considered morbidly obese is about ______%. (pg 393)

8

Essential fat comprises ______% of women's body weight (pg 371)

8-12

Women with less than ______% body fat are considered underweight. (pg 377)

8-12

Which of the following statements about contagion is FALSE? (pg 472)

A person is contagious only when symptoms of infection appear.

How many American met both the aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines in 2017? (pg 345/346)

About 22%

_________ _________ are synthetic male hormones that are taken to enhance athletic performance. (end of pg 358)

Anabolic steroids

People who store fat in their abdominal region have ______ obesity, giving them an apple-shaped form. (pg 374)

Android

A(n)__________ , Correct Unavailable is a recording of the changes in electrical activity of the heart. (pg 351)

EKG or electrocardiogram

Which type of cells line the inside of the arteries, including the coronary arteries, and help regulate blood flow to the heart? (pg 421)

Endothelial cells

T/F: Depression has little effect on the risk of CVD in otherwise healthy people, but it increases the risk of adverse cardiac events in people who already have heart disease. (pg 424)

False ; depression increases risks for people with CVD, it also increases the risk of CVD for otherwise healthy people.

Which type of infection is the cause of most cases of cervical cancer? (pg 454)

HPV

Which of the following statements is true about hypertension treatment? (pg 418)

Hypertension can be controlled.

How does fat increase? (pg 362)

If more calories are consumed than are expended through metabolism and exercise, then fat increases.

Which statement about the ways in which pathogens can enter the body is FALSE? .. (pg 473)

Inhaled pathogens commonly attack the digestive system, causing diarrhea.

Which of the following statements about anorexia nervosa is accurate? (end of pg 395)

It is characterized by self-starvation.

Which of the following statements concerning a transient ischemic attack (TIA) is accurate? (pg 414)

It produces stroke-like symptoms.

What best describes how the lymphatic system works to maintain immunity? (pg 468)

The T cells and B cells responsible for fighting infection are activated in the lymph nodes.

Under which condition should CPR be administered to a potential heart attack victim? (end of pg 410)

The victim has no pulse.

Which statements accurately describe microbes? (end of pg 444)

They cause about 15-20% of the world's cancers. Microbes include viruses, bacteria, and parasites.

People with low incomes are exposed to risk factors of asthma more often than individuals with higher incomes. (pg 470 "Diversity Matters")

True

T/ F : Regular physical activity and exercise can improve sleep quality. (pg 343)

True

Long-term exposure to environmental tobacco smoke can be a risk factor for lung cancer for everyone. (pg 450)

True ; Environmental tobacco smoke is a human carcinogen and exposure increases the risk of lung cancer.

Some preservatives used by the food industry to prevent spoilage may actually decrease the cancer risks present in the foods to which they are added. (pg 445)

True ; Recall that some of these compounds are antioxidants and may actually decrease any cancer-causing properties the food might have.

T/F : For people over 55, the incidence of strokes more than doubles in each successive decade.

True ; the incidence of stroke more than doubles in each successive decade after age 55.

Which type of radiation causes sunburn and can damage the immune system and eyes? (pg 455)

UVB

A mammogram is a low-dose ______ of the breast to detect early signs of cancer. (pg 452)

X-ray

What is an aneurysm? (pg 414)

a blood-filled pocket that bulges out from a weak spot in an artery wall

Sudden cardiac death, also called cardiac arrest, is most often caused by an arrhythmia called ______. (beginning of pg 409)

a fibrillation

A preparation of killed or weakened microorganisms, inactivated toxins, or components of microorganisms administered to stimulate an immune response is called ______. (pg 468)

a vaccine

How long should a person wait before applying heat to an injury if swelling has disappeared? (pg 364)

about 36 to 48 hours

Injuries are least likely if endurance training occurs ______. (pg 353)

about three to five times a week

The body's ability to improve immune defenses based on previous infections is called ______. (pg 468)

adaptive immunity

What type of immunity to infection is acquired by the activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes in response to infection or immunization? (pg 468)

adaptive immunity

A severe systemic reaction to an allergen, with symptoms that include difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and sometimes death, is best called a(n) ______. (pg 471)

anaphylactic reaction

A protein produced by plasma cells that can recognize and neutralize microbes is called a(n) ______. (pg 466)

antibody

A "nonself" marker on an invading microorganism that triggers the immune response is called a(n) ______. (pg 465/466)

antigen

A(n) ___ is a substance that triggers the immune response. (465/466)

antigen

There is significant evidence that the over-the-counter drug _____________ can help decrease cardiovascular disease in a wide range of patients. (pg 412)

aspirin

What is a disease in which chronic inflammation and periodic constriction of the airways cause wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing? (pg 470)

asthma

How often should people over the age of 20 have their cholesterol checked? (pg 432)

at least every 5 years

Where do melanomas usually appear? (pg 456)

at the site of a preexisting mole

What is the disease process that causes arteries to become clogged and narrowed? (pg 418)

atherosclerosis

In order for a person to maintain current body weight, their energy intake must ______ output. (pg 385)

be equal to

Which type of tumor is made of cells that are incapable of penetrating neighboring tissues? (pg 437)

benign

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and ______. (pg 406)

blood vessels

The risk factors for uterine cancer are similar to the risk factors for ______. (pg 454)

breast cancer

What is the term for substances which accelerate cellular growth to make DNA repair difficult but do not directly produce DNA mutations? (pg 443)

cancer promoters

An environmental agent that interferes with cell division and leads to mutational damage is called a mutagen. What is the term for a mutagen that leads to the development of cancer? (pg 442)

carcinogen

What term refers to the ability of the body to perform prolonged, large-muscle, dynamic exercise at moderate to high levels of intensity? (pg 344)

cardiorespiratory endurance

A condition in which cells around the cervix are abnormal, but not yet cancerous, is called ______. (pg 454)

cervical dysplasia

Hairlike projections found in the respiratory tract that remove foreign particles before they reach the lungs are called ______. (pg 465)

cilia

A computed tomography (CT) scan uses which of the following to create a cross-sectional image of the brain? (pg 414)

computerized X-rays

_______ ________ combines a variety of exercises to enhance speed and intensity. (pg 365)

cross training ; cross-training

The heart pumps ______ blood to the lungs and delivers ______ blood to the rest of the body. (pg 405)

deoxygenated; oxygenated

A primary component among all eating disorders is a ______. (pg 395)

dissatisfaction with body image

Which of the following is associated with obesity? (pg 375)

doubled mortality rates

A(n) ______________ is a blood clot that breaks off from its place of origin in a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream. (pg 413)

embolus

Muscular ___________ is the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to remain contracted or to contract repeatedly for a long period of time. (pg 345)

endurance

A triglyceride is a type of __________ found in blood, and it is obtained from food and manufactured by the body. (419)

fat or lipid

Congestive heart failure results from the heart's inability to pump blood. As a result, _____. (pg 415)

fluid accumulates in the body

Why do the vast majority of brain cancers develop? (pg 459)

for no apparent reason

______ muscle mass helps maintain a healthy body weight. (beginning of pg 345)

greater

People who store fat in the hips, buttocks, and thighs have ______ obesity, giving them a pear-shaped form. (pg 374)

gynoid

People who are most successful with online weight loss programs tend to ______. (pg 393)

have regular online contact

What does greater muscle mass help maintain?(beginning of pg 345)

healthy body weight

Veins are vessels that carry blood to the ______. (pg 406)

heart

Target ________ ___________ zone is the range of rates within which you should exercise to obtain cardiorespiratory benefits. (pg 353)

heart rate

An arrhythmia is a change in the normal pattern of the ______. (beginning of pg 409)

heartbeat

What is the most common cause of sudden death among athletes younger than 35? (pg 416)

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Chronically elevated pressure within the heart can cause ... (pg 421)

hypertrophy.

Surgical treatment for endometrial cancer involves complete removal of the uterus, a procedure known as ..... (pg 454)

hysterectomy

The ______ system is the body's collective system of defenses that includes surface barriers as well as the specialized, cells, tissues, and organs. (pg 465)

immune

Surgery is a less effective treatment for cancers of which part of the body? (pg 448)

immune system

After an infection, the body often gains ______, which protects the body from again falling ill due to the same pathogen. (pg 467/468)

immunity

What is the process called in which a person acquires immunity to a pathogen by means of a vaccine? (pg 468)

immunization

Invasion of the body by a microorganism is called ______. (pg 465)

infection

Carcinogens that lead to mutations in the DNA of oncogenes are called cancer ______. (pg 443)

initiators

The system that consists of cells that can recognize pathogenic microorganisms and are the first responders to those pathogens is the ______. (pg 465)

innate immune system

The function of the pancreas is to produce both digestive enzymes and ..... (pg 458)

insulin

A blood vessel rupture within the brain is called a(n) ______. (pg 414)

intracerebral hemorrhage

What term refers to the application of force without movement? (pg 356)

isometric (static) exercise

What type of exercise refers to the application of force with movement? (end of pg 356)

isotonic (dynamic) exercise

_________ is a large iron ball with a handle attached varying in weight from about 5 pounds to more than 100 pounds. (pg 358)

kettlebell

Fat cells secrete the hormone __________ , which tells the brain the size of the body's fat stores. (pg 379)

leptin

Congenital heart defects, rheumatic heart disease, and heart valve disorders are _______. (pg 416)

less common forms of heart disease

Energy-generating capacity of the cells and the heart's ability to pump blood are physiological factors that determine ______. (pg 344)

level of fitness ; (NOT muscle strength, This would be affected by the size of muscle fibers but not also the heart's ability to pump blood)

When deciding on a weight-loss goal, individuals should focus most on their ______. (pg 375)

lifestyle

People who have a family history of cardiovascular disease may be at greater risk of developing the disease, but ___________ factors, such as smoking, still play a large role. (pg 426)

lifestyle (or behavioral)

A technique called MRI uses powerful ______ to look inside the body and generate pictures of the heart and blood vessels. (pg 411)

magnets

What are benefits associated with cardiorespiratory endurance training? (pg 344)

makes the heart stronger and improves the function of the entire cardiorespiratory system

The surgical removal of a lump and the tissue that surrounds it from the breast is called a lumpectomy, whereas the full removal of the breast is called a .... (pg 452)

mastectomy

_________ __________ consumption, or VO2max, is the body's maximum ability to transport and use oxygen. (pg 353)

maximal oxygen

What is the best measure of cardiorespiratory capacity? (pg 353)

maximal oxygen consumption

What is the easiest method for accurately determining the intensity of an endurance workout? (pg 353)

measuring heart rate

For ____________ exercise, the ACSM recommends 150 minutes a week. (pg 346)

moderate

What intensity of physical activity is the least that is required for a person to experience the benefits of exercise? (pg 347)

moderate

hough most risk factors for cancer are the same for men and women, they often have very different experiences because ______. (pg 438)

more than one-third of all cancers occur in the sex organs

The component of health-related fitness that helps keep the skeleton in proper alignment, preventing back and leg pain, is ______. (end of pg 344)

muscular strength

A heart attack is also known as a(n) ____ infarction. (pg 407)

myocardial

What is atherosclerosis? (pg 407)

narrowing of the arteries by deposits of fat, cholesterol, and other substances

When people experience stress, stress hormones activate the sympathetic ________ system. (pg 423/424)

nervous

What is a white blood cell that travels through the bloodstream to areas of invasion and attacks and ingests pathogens? (pg 465)

neutrophils

Some cancers, such as colorectal and lung cancer, can be treated with drugs that inhibit the production of ______, a process called angiogenesis. (pg 459/460)

new blood vessels

What is the study of how genes and nutrients interact with each other and how genetic variations can cause individuals to respond differently to nutrients? (pg 378)

nutrigenomics

A organism that causes disease is called a(n) ______. (pg 465)

pathogen

______ fitness is the body's ability to respond or adapt to the demands and stress of physical effort. (pg 344)

physical

An obesogenic environment promotes overconsumption of calories while discouraging what? (pg 381/382)

physical activity

What refers to any body movement carried out by the skeletal muscles and requiring energy? (pg 346)

physical activity

Cancers of the colon and rectum may arise from ______, which are masses that can grow into malignancies. (pg 450)

polyps

Which of these foods is NOT a recommended source of potassium to reduce the risk of hypertension? (pg 419)

processed meals

Body composition refers to the ______. (pg 345)

proportion of fat and fat-free mass in the body

In men, which gland is located at the base of the bladder and completely surrounds the urethra? (pg 453)

prostate gland

An antibody is a type of ______ that binds an antigen in one form of adaptive immune response. (pg 466)

protein

In some parts of the United States, a radioactive element called ______ accumulates in poorly ventilated areas of many building and homes and is responsible for about 15,000 to 22,000 lung cancer deaths annually. (end of pg 445)

radon

What is the term that refers to exercise that forces muscles to contract against increased resistance? (pg 356)

resistance exercise

Studies have shown that average Americans spend more than half of their waking day in ______ activities, such as using a computer, studying, or watching television. (end of pg 348)

sedentary

What is the first line of defense for detecting cancer? (pg 447)

self-monitoring

What term refers to the physical abilities that contribute to performance in a sport or activity? (pg 345)

skill-related fitness

Malignant melanomas are potentially deadly forms of ______ cancers. (pg 456)

skin

Pursuing treatment for prostate cancer in older men is often pointless because such cancers are ______, and many treatments are potentially harmful. (pg 453 "Detection")

slow growing and usually not fatal

What is the biggest risk factor for lung cancer? (pg 450)

smoking tobacco

A basketball player who chooses to do exercises that help to improve lateral movement, cardiorespiratory endurance, and vertical leap is abiding by the fitness principle known as ______. (pg 351)

specificity

The type of stretching where you extend a position then hold it is called ______. (pg 359)

static stretching

Because some cancer treatments involve the use of high doses of chemotherapy or radiation that can damage bone marrow, what may be used to revitalize the patient's immune system? (pg 460)

stem cells

Muscular _________ is the amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort. (end of pg 344)

strength

Which exercise will help ensure a healthy range of motion for all major joints? (pg 345)

stretching

What is the primary treatment for colon and rectal cancer? (pg 451)

surgery

Which part of the immune system has the ability to improve and accelerate response after exposure to pathogens? (pg 465)

the adaptive immune system

What factor determines which parts of the body are affected by a stroke? (pg 414)

the area of the brain that was damaged

Which organ is affected by pulmonary edema? (pg 415)

the lungs

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is ______. (pg 416/417)

the most common heart valve disorder

What is the original location of a cancer called? (pg 437 "Metastasis")

the primary tumor

Outbreaks of measles and other preventable diseases have increased in the United States because of ______. (pg 469)

the spread of misinformation

When developing a strength-training program using the FITT principle, what determines the intensity of an exercise? (pg 358)

the weight being lifted

What is the purpose of an angiogram? (pg 412)

to identify narrowing or blockage of the arteries

Which of the following is a function of insulin? (end of pg 422)

to maintain proper glucose levels

Genes that help control or restrict cell growth are known as ______ genes. (pg 442)

tumor suppressor

If your parent or sibling develops coronary heart disease before the age of 65, you are ______ as likely to develop CHD yourself. (pg 426)

twice

An insect, rodent, or other organism that transmits pathogens from one host to another is called a ... (pg 472)

vector

When a mosquito bites a person and infects the person with malaria, the mosquito is serving as a(n) ... (pg 473)

vector

Running, playing sports and swimming laps are all examples of what intensity of physical activity? (beginning of pg 347)

vigorous

What intensity level of exercise does the ACSM recommend participating in for 75 minutes per week? (pg 346)

vigorous

A lymphocyte that produces antibodies in response to an antigen is called a ______. (pg 466)

B cell

Depression can increase the risk of ______. (pg 424)

CVD ; Cardiovascular disease

How does exercise help reduce CVD risk? (pg 431)

-It contributes to weight loss. -It strengthens the heart muscle. -It boosts HDL levels.

In which ways does exercise help reduce a person's risk for developing CVD? (pg 421)

-It helps decrease blood pressure. -It increases HDL levels. -It improves the condition of blood vessels.

Which statements about resistance exercise are true? (pg 356)

-It is designed to build muscular strength and endurance. -It is also known as strength training.

Which of the following are reasons to reject a diet book? (pg 389 "Diet Books")

-It claims to have a "secret to success." -It promises quick weight loss. -It relies on gimmicks.

What are among the best guidelines for choosing a fitness center? (end of pg 361)

-Choose one that has the right equipment available. -Choose one that has the right programs at times you will use them. -Choose a facility with a certified staff.

What are benefits of including a cool-down period in your exercise session? (pg 356)

-Cooling down helps return your breathing and heart rate to normal. -Cooling down helps restore the body's circulation to a normal resting condition