KU Bio 100 Exam 1 Key

True or False: ATP synthase is found in all kingdoms of life.

True

True or False: All cells are enclosed in a membrane that maintains internal conditions different from the surroundings.

True

True or False: An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape

True

True or False: Functional groups may help make organic compounds hydrophilic

True

True or False: Organisms have the ability to take in energy and use it.

True

True or False: Oxidation is the loss of electrons; reduction is the gain of electrons.

True

True or False: The Golgi apparatus works closely with the endoplasmic reticulum

True

Which of these stages of cellular processes occur(s) in the cytoplasm? a. Glycolysis b. citric acid cycle c. glycolysis and citric acid cycle d. citric acid cycle and electron transport

a. Glycolysis

Unsaturated fats: a. Have double bonds in their fatty acid chains. b. Have fewer fatty acid molecules per fat molecule. c. Are associated with greater health risks than are saturated fats. d. Are more common in animals than plants.

a. Have double bonds in their fatty acid chains

The energy that excites the photosystems is supplied by a. Photons b. NADPH c. ATP d. Electrons passing down the electron transport chain

a. Photons

When you add acid to a solution, ___________. a. The hydrogen ion concentration increases and lowers the pH. b. The hydrogen ion concentration increases and raises the pH. c. The hydrogen ion concentration decreases and raises the pH. d. The hydrogen ion concentration decreases and lowers the pH.

a. The hydrogen ion concentration increases and lowers the pH.

The proteins embedded in the membranes are essential to their function. These membrane proteins have properties that allow them to "float" in the membrane. Which of the following statements describes those properties? a. The surface region of the protein exposed to the interior of the membrane is mostly hydrophobic. b. The surface region of the protein exposed to the interior of the membrane is mostly hydrophillic. c. The surface region exposed to the outer environment is hydrophobic. d. The surface region exposed to the interior environment is hydrophobic

a. The surface region of the protein exposed to the interior of the membrane is mostly hydrophobic.

Examine the cells below. Cells with a higher concentration of ions than the surrounding medium tend to ______. a. stay about the same size and shape b. expand c. shrink d. divide

b. expand

True or False: A single unit change on the pH scale is equivalent to a 1% change in hydrogen ion concentration.

False

True or False: ATP is not produced during photosynthesis; it is produced only during cellular respiration.

False

True or False: Cellular respiration converts all of the energy in glucose into high-energy ATP bonds

False

True or False: Enzymes are used up when they catalyze a chemical reaction (consumed by the reaction) so must be synthesized for each new chemical reaction

False

True or False: Individuals evolve within the span of their own lifetimes.

False

True or False: Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids

False

True or False: Many lipids function as enzymes.

False

True or False: Membrane proteins transfer genetic information to the cytoplasm.

False

True or False: Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis.

False

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads a. are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane. b. are hydrophilic and face inward, shielded from water. c. are hydrophobic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane. d. are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water.

a. are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.

Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing a. chemical energy into kinetic energy. b. chemical energy into potential energy. c. kinetic energy into potential energy. d. kinetic energy into thermal energy.

a. chemical energy into kinetic energy.

. If you consume 1 g of each of the following, which will yield the most ATP? a. fat b. glucose c. protein d. starch

a. fat

The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy conversions, some energy is a. lost in the form of heat. b. used to create light. c. destroyed when the chemical bonds of glucose are made. d. saved in the chemical bonds of water, CO2 and O2.

a. lost in the form of heat.

ATP and NADPH a. power sugar synthesis during the Calvin cycle. b. are products of the Calvin cycle. c. provide energy to photosystem I and photosystem II. d. are used in the electron transport chain to pump H+ into the thylakoid space.

a. power sugar synthesis during the Calvin cycle.

Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely a. result in cell death. b. force the cell to rely on lipids for energy. c. force the cell to rely on ADP for energy. d. have no effect on the cell.

a. result in cell death.

Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its production to its exit from the cell? a. rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane b. rough ER, lysosomes, transport vesicles, cell membrane c. rough ER, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER, cell membrane d. rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, vacuole, cell membrane

a. rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane

Three batches of radish seeds, each with a starting weight of 1.5g (dry) were placed in Petri dishes and provided only with light or water or both, as shown in the photo. After 1 week, the material in each dish was dried and weighed. The results are shown below. Which of the following processes contributed the most to the increased mass of the "Light,Water" treatment? a. Absorption of mineral substances from the dish via the roots. b. Absorption of CO2 gas from the atmosphere into molecules by green leaves. c. Absorption of H20 from the dish into molecules by green leaves. d. Absorption of solar radiation into the leaf.

b. Absorption of CO2 gas from the atmosphere into molecules by green leaves.

Macromolecules are polymers composed of monomers. For example, polysaccharides like ____ are made of the repeating monomer_____. a. Nucleic acids, amino acids b. Cellulose, glucose c. Triglycerides, fatty acids d. Amino acids, nucleotides

b. Cellulose, glucose

Both cellular respiration and photosynthesis rely on electron transport chains embedded in membranes to produce ATP molecules. Which of the following correctly describes the difference between the two types of electron transport chains? a. In cellular respiration, the electron source is water and the final electron destination is oxygen. b. In cellular respiration, the electron source is the hydrogens in energy rich food and the final electron destination is oxygen. c. In photosynthesis the electron source is water and the final destination is oxygen. d. Both b and c.

b. In cellular respiration, the electron source is the hydrogens in energy rich food and the final electron destination is oxygen.

During a discussion about ecosystems, a student says, "Plants eat sunlight, and animals eat other organisms." Which of the following responses to the student's comment is most accurate? a. Plants don't eat sunlight; they eat sugars that they get from the soil. b. Plants don't eat sunlight; they use it to make sugars. c. Plants eat sunlight, but they also eat other organism such as decomposers. d. Plants eat sunlight, but animals also eat bacteria, which are not considered organisms.

b. Plants don't eat sunlight; they use it to make sugars.

. ________ cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus. a. Plant b. Prokaryotic c. Eukaryotic d. Fungal

b. Prokaryotic

You have a friend who recently lost 15 pounds of fat on a diet. Where did the mass/fat go? a. The mass was converted to urine and feces and then eliminated from the body. b. The mass was released as CO2 and H2O c. The mass was converted to energy and used up. d. The mass was converted into ATP molecules. e. The mass was broken down to amino acids and eliminated from the body.

b. The mass was released as CO2 and H2O

There are hundreds of different enzymes in a cell—each with a unique three-dimensional shape. Why do cells have so many different enzymes? a. Each enzyme molecule can only be used once. b. The shape of an enzyme's active site generally fits a specific substrate. c. The substrate molecules react with enzymes to create new enzymes. d. Enzymes are randomly in thousands of different shapes so that one is likely to work.

b. The shape of an enzyme's active site generally fits a specific substrate.

The membranous compartmentalization of a cell a. divides the cell into two equal-sized halves. b. allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell. c. requires the presence of a cell wall. d. is common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

b. allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell.

A single Yummie cake contains 4.5 grams of total fat, 27 grams of carbohydrate, 0 grams of fiber, and 1 gram of protein After eating a Yummie cake, what molecule do you expect to be most abundant in your digestive system? a. amino acids b. monosaccharides c. cellulose d. triglycerides

b. monosaccharides

The hydrogen atoms of a water molecule are bonded to the oxygen atom by ________ bonds, whereas neighboring water molecules are held together by ________ bonds. a. hydrogen; polar covalent b. polar covalent; hydrogen c. ionic; covalent d. polar covalent; ionic

b. polar covalent; hydrogen

Proteins differ from one another because a. the peptide bonds linking amino acids differ from protein to protein. b. the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein. c. each protein contains its own unique sequence of sugar molecules. d. the number of nucleotides found in each protein varies from molecule to molecule.

b. the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein.

Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ______ and moves a substance ______ its concentration gradient. a. energy... down b. transport proteins... down c. energy and transport proteins... against d. transport proteins... against

b. transport proteins... down

The overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose is a. C5H12O6 + 6 O2 → 5 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy. b. 5 CO2 + 6 H2O → C5H12O6 + 6 O2 + energy. c. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy. d. C6H12O6 + energy → 6 CO2+ 6 H2O + 6 O2.

c. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.

The electrons lost from the reaction center of photosystem II are replaced by electrons from a. CO2. b. ATP. c. H2O. d. photosystem I

c. H2O.

Two proteins have the same number and type of amino acids. How is it that they can have different shapes and therefore different functions? a. The proteins were made at different times within the cell. b. The proteins have been chemically modified. c. The order in which the amino acids are arranged differs between the two proteins. d. The proteins were made in different locations in the cell.

c. The order in which the amino acids are arranged differs between the two proteins

You notice that over the past month, many students on campus have started wearing a new style of school sweatshirt. You think to yourself that perhaps the bookstore has recently started selling this new sweatshirt style. This is an example of a. an experimental question. b. a type of observation. c. a hypothesis. d. an experiment

c. a hypothesis.

The sodium concentration in a cell is 10 times less than the concentration in the surrounding fluid. How can the cell move sodium out of the cell? a. passive transport b. receptor-mediated endocytosis c. active transport d. facilitated diffusion

c. active transport

The active site of an enzyme is a. the region of a substrate that is changed by an enzyme. b. the highly changeable portion of an enzyme that adapts to fit the substrates of various reactions. c. the region of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate. d. the region of a product that detaches from the enzyme.

c. the region of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate

In an ecosystem, energy a. cycles along with chemical nutrients. b. typically flows from consumers to producers to decomposers. c. typically flows from producers through a series of consumers. d. comes ultimately from bacteria

c. typically flows from producers through a series of consumers.

A cell is exposed to a substance that prevents it from dividing. The cell becomes larger and larger. This situation a. should present no problem to the cell, since it can continue to perform all other necessary functions. b. should present no problem to the cell, because the surface area of the cell will increase as the volume of the cell increases. c. will eventually be problematic, since the cell's ability to absorb nutrients through its outer membrane will not keep increasing as quickly as its cytoplasmic needs. d. should be beneficial, since the cell will be able to divert the ATP normally used for cell division to other processes.

c. will eventually be problematic, since the cell's ability to absorb nutrients through its outer membrane will not keep increasing as quickly as its cytoplasmic needs.

The endomembrane system includes ______. a. ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum b. Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum c. Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum d. Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum

d. Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum

If you expose a photosynthesizing plant to water that contains both radioactive H and radioactive O, in which of the products of photosynthesis will the radioactive H and O show up? a. H and O both in glucose b. H in glucose; O in water c. H in water; O in glucose d. H in glucose and water; O in O2

d. H in glucose and water; O in O2

The molecules responsible for membrane transport are a. steroids. b. phospholipids. c. carbohydrates. d. Proteins

d. Proteins

. Which of the following statements provides the best evidence that there is a common genetic code that demonstrates the unity of life? a. Bees, birds, and bats all have wings and fly. b. Bacteria, mushrooms, and cats all have DNA. c. Many insects can pollinate only a particular species of plant due to many generations of evolutionary adaptation. d. Through genetic engineering, a gene from a firefly can be inserted into a bacterium to make it glow.

d. Through genetic engineering, a gene from a firefly can be inserted into a bacterium to make it glow.

Plant cells a. lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. b. lack mitochondria but have chloroplasts. c. have mitochondria but do not have chloroplasts. d. have mitochondria and chloroplasts.

d. have mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Which H+ has just passed through the inner mitochondrial membrane by diffusion? a. hydrogen ion A b. hydrogen ion B c. hydrogen ion C d. hydrogen ion D

d. hydrogen ion D

Which part of the ATP molecule breaks free of the rest when an ATP molecule is used for energy? a. part A b. part B c. part C d. part D

d. part D